JP5256804B2 - 圧電磁器及びそれを用いた圧電素子 - Google Patents
圧電磁器及びそれを用いた圧電素子 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 74
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001553 barium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- USPBSVTXIGCMKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium Chemical compound [Hf].[Hf] USPBSVTXIGCMKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002822 niobium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WTKKCYNZRWIVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum Chemical compound [Ta+5] WTKKCYNZRWIVKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
xKNbO3−(1−x)BaTiO3 (1)
上記一般式(1)は、KNbO3とBaTiO3とがx:(1−x)の比率で固溶している固溶体を示している。本実施形態では、上記xは0.5〜0.9である。
<圧電素子の作製>
以下の手順で図1に示すような圧電素子20を作製した。まず、KNbO3を構成する元素の原料として、K2CO3粉末およびNb2O5粉末を用意し、これら原料を十分に乾燥させた。そして、乾燥させたK2CO3粉末およびNb2O5粉末を、KNbO3の組成と一致するように秤量した(K:Nb=1:1(モル比))。
[圧電定数の測定]
得られた圧電素子20に、変位計(Mahr製、商品名:1202IC)で2kV/mmの電圧を印加したときの変位量を測定した。得られた変位量から圧電定数d33を算出した。その結果を表1に示す。
圧電素子20を電気炉中に設置した後、LCRメータを用いて、昇温過程及び降温過程で圧電素子の静電容量が最大値となるときの温度をそれぞれ測定し、これらの平均値からキュリー温度Tcを求めた。その結果を表1に示す。なお、一般的に、キュリー温度Tcが高い圧電素子ほど、より高い温度まで圧電特性を示す。
得られた圧電素子20の相対密度をアルキメデス法によって求めた。その結果を表1に示す。
KNbO3粉末およびBaTiO3粉末を混合する混合粉末の調製において、KNbO3粉末及びBaTiO3粉末の混合モル比率を、表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合粉末を調製した。当該混合粉末を900℃で10時間仮焼した。仮焼して得られた粉体に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を加え、一軸成形してペレット化した後、バインダを除去し、温度1150℃、2時間の焼成条件にて、密閉系で焼成して焼結体を得た。
KNbO3粉末およびBaTiO3粉末を混合する混合粉末の調製において、KNbO3粉末及びBaTiO3粉末の混合モル比率を、表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合粉末を調製した。当該混合粉末を900℃で10時間仮焼した。仮焼して得られた粉体に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を加え、一軸成形してペレット化した後、バインダを除去し、温度1140℃、2時間の焼成条件にて、密閉系で焼成して焼結体を得た。
KNbO3粉末およびBaTiO3粉末を混合する混合粉末の調製において、KNbO3粉末及びBaTiO3粉末の混合モル比率を、表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合粉末を調製した。当該混合粉末を900℃で10時間仮焼した。仮焼して得られた粉体に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を加え、一軸成形してペレット化した後、バインダを除去し、温度1130℃、2時間の焼成条件にて、密閉系で焼成して焼結体を得た。
KNbO3粉末およびBaTiO3粉末を混合する混合粉末の調製において、KNbO3粉末及びBaTiO3粉末の混合モル比率を、表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合粉末を調製した。当該混合粉末を900℃で10時間仮焼した。仮焼して得られた粉体に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を加え、一軸成形してペレット化した後、バインダを除去し、温度1120℃、2時間の焼成条件にて、密閉系で焼成して焼結体を得た。
KNbO3粉末およびBaTiO3粉末を混合する混合粉末の調製において、KNbO3粉末及びBaTiO3粉末の混合モル比率を、表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合粉末を調製した。なお、比較例1では、BaTiO3粉末のみを用いた。当該混合粉末またはBaTiO3粉末を900℃で10時間仮焼した。仮焼して得られた粉体に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を加え、一軸成形してペレット化した後、バインダを除去し、温度1350℃、2時間の焼成条件にて、密閉系で焼成して焼結体を得た。
KNbO3粉末およびBaTiO3粉末を混合する混合粉末の調製において、KNbO3粉末及びBaTiO3粉末の混合モル比率を、表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合粉末を調製した。当該混合粉末を900℃で10時間仮焼した。仮焼して得られた粉体に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を加え、一軸成形してペレット化した後、バインダを除去し、温度1266℃、2時間の焼成条件にて、密閉系で焼成して焼結体を得た。
KNbO3粉末およびBaTiO3粉末を混合する混合粉末の調製において、KNbO3粉末及びBaTiO3粉末の混合モル比率を、表1に示すとおりに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合粉末を調製した。当該混合粉末を900℃で10時間仮焼した。仮焼して得られた粉体に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を加え、一軸成形してペレット化した後、バインダを除去し、温度1213℃、2時間の焼成条件にて、密閉系で焼成して焼結体を得た。
KNbO3粉末およびBaTiO3粉末の混合粉末の代わりに、KNbO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして混合粉末を調製した。当該混合粉末を900℃で10時間仮焼した。仮焼して得られた粉体に、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を加え、一軸成形してペレット化した後、バインダを除去し、温度1045℃、2時間の焼成条件にて、密閉系で焼成して焼結体を得た。
Claims (4)
- KNbO3とBaTiO3との2成分が固溶した、該2成分のみからなる固溶体を主成分として含有し、
前記2成分の合計に対する前記KNbO3のモル比率が0.5〜0.9であり、
相対密度が95%以上であり、
鉛の含有量が1質量%以下である圧電磁器。 - 前記固溶体の含有量が95質量%以上である請求項1に記載の圧電磁器。
- 一対の電極と、該一対の電極の間に請求項1又は2記載の圧電磁器と、を備える圧電素子。
- 内部電極と請求項1又は2記載の圧電磁器とが交互に積層された素体と、
該素体を挟むように該素体の両端面にそれぞれ設けられ、前記内部電極と電気的に接続
されている一対の端子電極と、を備える圧電素子。
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