JP5252465B2 - ハイドライド気相成長法による平坦な無極性a面窒化ガリウムの成長 - Google Patents
ハイドライド気相成長法による平坦な無極性a面窒化ガリウムの成長 Download PDFInfo
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- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 75
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 70
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004630 atomic force microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000921519 Syrrhopodon sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001314 profilometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、本発明の譲受人に譲渡された以下の同時係属の米国特許仮出願の優先権を主張する。
本発明は半導体材料、方法およびデバイスに関し、より具体的にはハイドライド気相成長法(HVPE)による平坦な無極性a面窒化ガリウム(GaN)の成長に関する。
(注:本出願は多くの異なる特許、出願明細書および/または刊行物を参照しており、これらは、1から順に付けた参考文献番号を用いて本明細書に記載する。これらの参考文献番号順に並べた種々の刊行物のリストを「参考文献」とタイトルをつけたセクションに示す。これらの刊行物は、それぞれ参照として本明細書中に組込まれる。)
本発明は、ハイドライド気相成長法(HVPE)を使用し、平坦な無極性a面窒化ガリウム(GaN)膜を成長させる。具体的には、本発明は、以下に示すいくつかの成長パラメータを組合せ使用することによって、この平坦な無極性a面窒化ガリウム(GaN)膜を得る。
図3は本発明の好ましい実施の形態によるプロセスの工程を示すフローチャートである。これらの工程は、従来の3ゾーン水平フロー式HVPEシステムを使用し、高品質の平坦な無極性a面GaN膜を得る典型的な成長手順を含む。
本発明者らによる実験によれば、上記のプロセスによって常に平坦な鏡面のa面GaN膜が得られる。図4は本発明に記載の技術を用いて成長させたa面GaN膜の断面のSEM画像である。図4に示されているように、上部側には極めて平坦な自由表面がある。(なお断面表面には筋も付いているが、これは人為的な切断によるものである。)
以下の参考文献を参照として本明細書中に組み込む。
T.Nishida and N.Kobayashi,Phys.Stat.Sol.(a),188(1),113(2001). S.Nakamura,G.Fasol,and S.J.Pearton,The Blue Laser Diode.New York:Springer,2000. L.F.Eastman and U.K.Mishra,IEEE Spectrum,39(5),28(2002). T.Takeuchi,C.Wetzel,S.Yamaguchi,H.Sakai,H.Amano,I.Akasaki,Y.Kaneko,S.Nakagawa,Y.Yamaoka,and N.Yamada,Appl.Phys.Lett.73(12)1691(1998). I.Jin Seo,H.Kollmer,J.Off,A.Sohmer,F.Scholz,and A.Hangleiter,Phys.Rev.B,57(16)R9435(1998). R.Langer,J.Simon,V.Ortiz,N.T.Pelekanos,A.Barski,R.Andre,and M.Godlewski,Appl.Phys.Lett.,74(25)3827(1999). P.Lefebvre,J.Allegre,B.Gil,H.Mathieu,N.Grandjean,M.Leroux,J.Massies,and P.Bigenwald,Phys.Rev.B,59(23)15363(1999). P.Lefebvre,A.Morel,M.Gallart,T.Taliercio,J.Allegre,B.Gil,H.Mathieu,B.Damilano,N.Grandjean,and J.Massies,Appl.Phys.Lett.,78(9)1252(2001). P.Waltereit,O.Brandt,A.Trampert,H.T.Grahn,J.Menninger,M.Ramsteiner,M.Reiche,and K.H.Ploog,Nature(London),406,865(2000). M.D.Craven,P.Waltereit,F.Wu,J.S.Speck,and S.P.DenBaars,Accepted for Publication. H.M.Ng,Appl.Phys.Lett.,80(23)4369(2002). K.Motoki,T.Okahisa,N.Matsumoto,M.Matsushima,H.Kimura,H.Kasai,K.Takemoto,K.Uematsu,T.Hirano,M.Nakayama,S.Nakahata,M.Ueno,D.Hara,Y.Kumagai,A.Koukitu,and H.Seki,Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.Part 2,40(2B),L140(2001). T.Paskova,P.P.Paskov,V.Darakchieva,S.Tungasmita,J.Birch,and B.Monemar,Phys.Stat.Sol.(a)183(1)197(2001). A.Shintani and S.Minagawa,J.Electrochem.Soc.123(10)1575(1976). B.Monemar,O.Lagerstedt,and H.P.Gislason,J.Appl.Phys.51(1)625(1980). M.Sano and M.Aoki,Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.15(10)1943(1976). E.V.Etzkorn and D.R.Clarke,J.Appl.Phys.,82(2)1025(2001). T.Bo(ウムラウト付き)ttcher,S.Einfeldt,S.Figge,R.Chierchia,H.Heinke,D.Hommel,and J.S.Speck,Appl.Phys.Lett.,78(14)1976(2001). M.D.Craven,S.H.Lim,F.Wu,J.S.Speck,and S.P.DenBaars,Appl.Phys.Lett.,81(3)469(2002). B.Heying,X.H.Wu,A.S.Keller,Y.Li,D.Kapolnek,B.P.Keller,S.P.DenBaars,and J.S.Speck,Appl.Phys.Lett.,68,643(1996).
本発明の好ましい実施の形態の説明をまとめる。以下、本発明を実施するためのいくつかの代替の実施の形態について記載する。
本発明の実施においては、基板やテンプレートが均一な平坦性を有さなくても良いことに注意されたい。基板やテンプレートには、その表面の選択された領域にa面GaN膜の成長を促すパターニングを施された表面を含んでも良い。
Claims (2)
- 基板上に平坦な無極性a面窒化ガリウム膜を形成する方法であって、
無極性a面GaN膜が、平坦な鏡面で、試料面積10〜20μmでの2乗平均平方根(RMS)粗さは2nm未満であり、後のデバイス再成長に好適な上面を得られるように、3ゾーン水平フロー式HVPEシステムを使用して、
(a)前記システムのリアクタ内にr面サファイア基板を載置する工程と、
(b)前記リアクタ内を排気するとともにリアクタに精製窒素(N2)ガスを注入して満たし、内部の酸素および水蒸気の濃度を低下させる工程と、
(c)前記リアクタ内の全チャネルに水素(H2)および窒素(N2)の混合ガスを流すと共に、1040℃の成長温度までリアクタを加熱する工程と、
(d)前記リアクタ内のガス流に無水アンモニア(NH3)を加えることによって前記r面サファイア基板を窒化する工程と、
(e)前記リアクタ内の圧力を76Torrの堆積圧力に低下させる工程と、
(f)前記リアクタ内のr面サファイア基板上で、直接前記a面GaN膜の成長を開始するために、前記リアクタ内で塩化水素(HCl)ガスをガリウム(Ga)ソースに流し始め、600℃を上回る温度でHClガスをGaと反応させ一塩化ガリウム(GaCl)を形成させる工程と、
(g)少なくとも少量の水素ガス(H2)を含むキャリアガスを使用し、GaClを前記リアクタ内のr面サファイア基板に移送し、V/III比(GaClに対するNH 3 のモル比)を1〜50として、前記r面サファイア基板上でGaClをアンモニア(NH3)と反応させ、窒化ガリウム膜を形成する工程と、
(h)所望の成長時間が経過した後、HClガスを流すことを中断し、リアクタの圧力を大気圧に戻し、リアクタの温度を室温に下げ、リアクタの温度が低下している間にGaN膜が分解しないようにガス流に無水アンモニア(NH3)を含ませる工程とを含む方法。 - 前記平坦な無極性a面GaN膜を、自立GaN基板として用いるのに十分な厚さに形成する工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
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TW200423397A (en) | 2004-11-01 |
TWI366865B (en) | 2012-06-21 |
TW200419652A (en) | 2004-10-01 |
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TW201108411A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
TW201108302A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
US7220658B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 |
US7847293B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
TWI369784B (ja) | 2012-08-01 |
JP4486506B2 (ja) | 2010-06-23 |
KR101372698B1 (ko) | 2014-03-11 |
JP2006514780A (ja) | 2006-05-11 |
JP2010004074A (ja) | 2010-01-07 |
US20120074425A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
JP2006510227A (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
US20060128124A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
EP1576671A4 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
KR20110099146A (ko) | 2011-09-06 |
TWI445054B (zh) | 2014-07-11 |
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