JP5245375B2 - 静電荷像現像用トナー - Google Patents
静電荷像現像用トナー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5245375B2 JP5245375B2 JP2007307976A JP2007307976A JP5245375B2 JP 5245375 B2 JP5245375 B2 JP 5245375B2 JP 2007307976 A JP2007307976 A JP 2007307976A JP 2007307976 A JP2007307976 A JP 2007307976A JP 5245375 B2 JP5245375 B2 JP 5245375B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- toner
- acid
- polyfunctional
- ester compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- -1 fatty acid ester compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 204
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 139
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 46
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021003 saturated fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 65
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 38
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 24
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 17
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-octadecanoyloxy-2,2-bis(octadecanoyloxymethyl)propyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OCKWAZCWKSMKNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000021353 Lignoceric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lignoceric acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CQXMAMUUWHYSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940116224 behenate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N ethyl (z)-3-(methylamino)but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)NC FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PBWGCNFJKNQDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-5-amine Chemical compound N1=C2SC=CN2C(N)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 PBWGCNFJKNQDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940090958 behenyl behenate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWFGDXZQZYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecansaeure-heptadecylester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC GWFGDXZQZYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SMLXTTLNOGQHHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-docosanoyloxy-2,2-bis(docosanoyloxymethyl)propyl] docosanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC SMLXTTLNOGQHHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCUSEPQECKJFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-tetradecanoyloxy-2,2-bis(tetradecanoyloxymethyl)propyl] tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC PCUSEPQECKJFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AHDLNXGQLLQZTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-tetradecanoyloxy-2-[[3-tetradecanoyloxy-2,2-bis(tetradecanoyloxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(tetradecanoyloxymethyl)propyl] tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)COCC(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC AHDLNXGQLLQZTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M behenate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
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Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
(i)該エステルワックスが、4価以上の多価アルコールのポリグリセリンと、炭素数14〜25の飽和または不飽和の脂肪酸との多官能脂肪酸エステル化合物と、炭素数13〜25の高級飽和脂肪族の1価アルコールと、炭素数14〜25の飽和または不飽和の脂肪酸との単官能脂肪酸エステル化合物とを、50:50〜95:5の範囲内の重量比で含有し、
(ii)該エステルワックスが、該多官能脂肪酸エステル化合物と該単官能脂肪酸エステル化合物との溶融混合物から調製された凝固物であって、該凝固物は、示差走査熱量計で測定したとき、単一の最大吸熱ピーク温度を示す共晶状態のエステル混合物であり、
(iii)該多官能脂肪酸エステル化合物及び該単官能脂肪酸エステル化合物が、いずれも35℃で測定したスチレン100gに対する溶解量が5g以上の溶解性を示すものであり、かつ、
(iv)該着色樹脂粒子が、結着樹脂、着色剤、及びエステルワックスを含有する着色重合体粒子から成るコア粒子と、該コア粒子の表面を被覆した重合体層とから成るコア−シェル構造を持つ着色重合体粒子である静電荷像現像用トナーが提供される。
エステルワックスとして、4価以上の多価アルコールとカルボン酸化合物との多官能エステル化合物A、及び1価アルコールとカルボン酸化合物との単官能エステル化合物Bを、A:Bの重量比で50:50〜95:5の範囲内で組み合わせて使用する。A:Bの重量比は、好ましくは55:45〜90:10、より好ましくは60:40〜85:15、特に好ましくは65:35〜80:20である。
静電荷像現像用トナーは、結着樹脂、着色剤、及びエステルワックス(多官能エステル化合物と単官能エステル化合物)を含有する着色樹脂粒子であればよく、その製造方法によって特に制限されない。着色樹脂粒子は、トナー粒子とも呼ばれ、重合トナーの場合には、着色重合体粒子と呼ばれることがある。
円形度(Ci)=粒子の投影面積に等しい円の周囲長/粒子投影像の周囲長
本発明の静電荷像現像用トナーは、一成分現像剤または二成分現像剤などとして使用することができる。本発明の静電荷像現像用トナーを非磁性一成分現像剤として使用する場合は、着色樹脂粒子に外添剤を混合することが好ましい。外添剤としては、流動化剤や研磨剤などとして作用する無機粒子及び有機樹脂粒子が挙げられる。無機粒子としては、例えば、二酸化ケイ素(シリカ)、酸化アルミニウム(アルミナ)、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化錫、チタン酸バリウム、チタン酸ストロンチウムなどが挙げられる。
多官能及び単官能エステル化合物のスチレンに対する溶解量は、35℃に保持したスチレン100g中に溶解する多官能及び単官能エステル化合物の量を測定した。
酸価は、日本油化学協会(JOCS)測定の基準油脂分析手法である、JOCS 2.3.1−96に準拠して測定した。また、水酸基価は、JOCS 2.3.6.2−96に準拠して測定した。
試料2gをはかり取り、該試料に6Nの塩酸を加えて110℃で6時間加熱して加水分解を行った。加水分解後、試料溶液を分液ロートに移し、ジエチルエーテルを加えて抽出を行った。エーテル相については、そのままGC−MS(ガスクロマトグラフィ/質量分析)測定に供した。水相については、水を蒸発乾固させ、次いで、ピリジン1mL、ヘキサメチルジシラザン0.2mL、及びトリメチルクロロシラン0.1mLを添加して、100℃で20分間加熱してシリル化を行った。このシリル化を行った試料についてGC−MS測定を行った。各成分の割合は、クロマトグラム上のピーク面積値より求めた。この方法により、同時に、多官能脂肪酸エステル混合物中の飽和脂肪酸残基の炭素数20〜25の割合を測定した。
カラム:HP−5ms(30m×250μmφ×0.25μm)、
カラム温度:100℃から320℃に昇温(昇温速度10℃/分、15分間保持)、
キャリヤーガス:He(1mL/分)、
イオン化法:EI(70eV)
試料用ホルダーに6〜8mgの試料を計量して入れ、示差走査熱量計(セイコーインスツル社製、商品名:RDC−220)を用いて、−20℃〜100℃まで10℃/分で昇温する条件で測定を行い、DSC曲線を得た。DSC測定で得られたDSC曲線において、ショルダーを有さず、かつ、1つの最大吸熱ピークから吸熱ピーク温度(融点Tm)を特定できる場合、共晶形成が行われたと判定した。
測定試料(着色樹脂粒子)を約0.1g秤量してビーカーに取り、分散剤としてアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩水溶液(富士フィルム社製、商品名:ドライウエル)1mLを加えた。そのビーカーへ、更にアイソトンIIを10〜30mL加え、出力20Wの超音波分散機で3分間分散させた後、粒径測定機(べックマン・コールター社製、商品名:マルチサイザー)を用いて、アパーチャー径;100μm、媒体;アイソトンII、測定粒子個数;100,000個の条件下で、着色樹脂粒子の体積平均粒径(Dv)及び個数平均粒径(Dn)を測定し、粒径分布(Dv/Dn)を算出した。
着色樹脂粒子の平均円形度は、フロー式粒子像分析装置(FPIA−1000;シスメックス社製)を用いて、水分散系で測定し得られた値である。測定方法としては、容器中に予めイオン交換水10mLを用意し、その中に分散剤として界面活性剤、好ましくはアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩を加えた後、測定試料0.2gを加え、均一に分散させる。分散手段としては、超音波分散機を用いて、出力60W、3分間の条件で分散処理を行った。測定時の着色樹脂粒子の濃度は、3,000〜10,000個/μLとなるよう調整した。着色樹脂粒子1,000個から10,000個の円形度を計測した。このデータを用いて、平均円形度を求めた。
市販の非磁性一成分現像方式のブリンターの定着ロール部の温度を変化できるように改造したプリンターを用いて、定着試験を行った。定着試験は、黒べタ(印字濃度100%)を印字して、改造プリンターの定着ロールの温度を5℃ずつ変化させて、それぞれの温度でのトナーの定着率を測定し、温度−定着率の関係を求めて行った。定着率は、黒べタ(印字濃度100%)の印字領域においてテープ剥離を行ない、テープ剥離前後の画像濃度の比率から計算した。すなわち、テープ剥離前の画像濃度をID(前)、テープ剥離後の画像濃度をID(後)とすると、定着率は、下記計算式3により算出できる。
計算式3: 定着率(%)=(ID(後)/ID(前))×100
トナー10gを密閉可能な容器(ポリエチレン製、容量100mL)に入れて、密閉した後、当該容器を55℃の温度に保持した恒温水槽の中に沈めた。8時間経過した後、恒温水槽から当該容器を取り出し、容器内のトナーを42メッシュの篩上へ置いた。この際、容器内でのトナーの凝集構造を破壊しないように、容器内からトナーを静かに取り出し、注意深く篩上に移して置くようにする。 トナーを置いた篩を、粉体測定機(ホソカワミクロン社製、商品名:パウダテスタPT−R)を用いて、振幅1mmの条件で、30秒間振動させた後、篩上に残留したトナーの重量を測定し、凝集トナーの重量とした。最初に容器に入れたトナーの重量に対する凝集トナーの重量の割合(重量%)を算出した。なお、1サンプルにつき上記測定を3回行ない、凝集トナーの重量の割合(重量%)を算出し、その平均値を保存性の指標とした。
耐久印字試験は、市販の非磁性一成分現像方式のプリンターを用い、現像装置のトナーカートリッジに、トナーを充填した後、印字用紙をセットして行った。温度23℃、相対湿度50%の常温常湿(N/N)環境下で、24時間放置した後、同環境下にて、5%印字濃度で17,000枚まで連統印字を行なった。
ポリグリセリン(阪本薬品工業社製、商品名:#500)100部とベヘン酸490部を反応容器に入れ、触媒及び窒素気流下に240℃で反応させ、エステル化率が95%以上となるように反応させることによりポリグリセリンのベヘン酸エステル化合物(多官能脂肪酸エステル混合物)を調製した。この化合物をDSCを使用して、吸熱ピーク温度を測定したところ71℃であった。
1.コア用重合性単量体組成物の調製
スチレン76部及びn−ブチルアクリレート24部からなるコア用重合性単量体、ポリメタクリル酸エステルマクロモノマー(東亜合成化学工業社製、製品名AA6)0.25部、カーボンブラック(三菱化学社製、商品名:#25B)6部、及び正帯電制御樹脂(第4アンモニウム塩基含有スチレン/アクリル樹脂、藤倉化成社製、製品名FCA−161P)0.8部とを、撹拌翼を有する撹拌装置で撹拌し、混合した後、メディア型分散機により均一分散した。得られた混合液に、製造例1により作製した共晶状態にあるエステル混合物8部を添加し、混合、溶解してコア用重合性単量体組成物を得た。
イオン交換水250部に塩化マグネシウム(水溶性多価金属塩)8.6部を溶解した水溶液を撹拌しながら、該水溶液に、イオン交換水50部に水酸化ナトリウム(水酸化アルカリ金属塩)4.8部を溶解した水溶液を、徐々に添加して、水酸化マグネシウムコロイド(難水溶性の金属水酸化物コロイド)の分散液を調製した。
上記水酸化マグネシウムコロイド分散液に、25℃で、上記コア用重合性単量体組成物を添加し、撹拌翼を備えた撹拌装置により、生成する粗い液滴が安定するまで撹拌した。ここに、重合開始剤としてt−ブチルパーオキシジエチルアセテート4.5部、分子量調整剤としてテトラエチルチウラムジスルフィド1.0部、及び架橋性の重合性単量体としてジビニルベンゼン0.5部を添加し、次いで、高速剪断撹拌機(荏原製作所製、製品名エバラマイルダー)を用いて15,000rpmの回転数で10分間高速剪断撹拌して、重合性単量体組成物の液滴を形成した。
シェル用重合性単量体としてメチルメタクリレート1部を、シェル用の水溶性の重合開始剤として2,2′−アゾビス〔2−メチル−N−(2−ハイドロキシエチル)−プロピオンアミド〕(和光純薬社製、商品名VA−086、水溶性重合開始剤)0.1部をイオン交換水10部に溶解した溶液を調製した。
撹拌翼を持つ撹拌装置を備えた反応器を用意した。上記反応器の上部から、上記コア用重合性単調量体の液滴が分散した水系分散液を投入した。
得られた着色重合体粒子を含む水系分散液をストリッピング処理した。まず、得られた着色重合体粒子を含む水系分散液に、イオン交換水を、その固形分濃度が20%になるように追加して希釈した。希釈した後の着色重合体粒子を含む水系分散液を蒸発器に供給した。この水系分散液に非シリコーン系消泡剤(サンノプコ社製、製品名SNデフォーマー180)1部を加えた。蒸発器内に、窒素ガスを流して、その気層部を窒素ガスで置換した。次いで、着色重合体粒子を含む水系分散液を、撹拌翼で回転数20rpmで撹拌しながら、蒸発器の外部に接して設けられたジャケットに温水を通じることにより、蒸発器を加温し、内部の着色重合体粒子を含む水系分散液が80℃になるまで加熱した。その後、ブロアーを起動して、着色重合体粒子を含む水系分散液の液中に、気体吹き込み口が直管形状の気体吹き込み管から窒素ガスを吹き込んで、液中の揮発性物質を除去していった。
着色重合体粒子100部に、疎水化処理したシリカ微粒子(キャポット社製、製品名TG820F)0.8部、及び疎水化処理したシリカ微粒子(日本アエロジル社製、製品名NA50Y)1部を添加し、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて混合して、非磁性一成分現像剤を得た。得られた現像剤(単に、「トナー」と呼ぶことがある)の試験結果をまとめて表1に示す。
実施例1のエステル混合物8部を、ペンタエリスリトールテトラステアレート(日本油脂社製、商品名:WEP6)6部、ステアリン酸ステアリル2部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして着色重合体粒子と非磁性一成分現像剤を作成し、試験に供した。
実施例1のエステル混合物8部を、ベヘン酸ベヘニル3部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして着色重合体粒子と非磁性一成分現像剤を作成し、試験に供した。
実施例1のエステル混合物8部を、製造例1で製造したポリグリセリンのベヘン酸エステル化合物8部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして着色重合体粒子と非磁性一成分現像剤を作成し、試験に供した。
実施例1のエステル混合物8部を、ペンタエリスリトールテトラステアレート(WEP6)8部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして着色重合体粒子と非磁性一成分現像剤を作成し、試験に供した。
A1:ポリグリセリンのベヘン酸エステル
A2:ペンタエリスリトールテトラステアレート
B1:ベヘン酸ベヘニル
B2:ステアリン酸ステアリル
A1+B1=共晶
エステルワックスが単官能エステル化合物だけの場合(比較例1)は、最低定着温度が200℃と高い。エステルワックスが多官能エステル化合物(多官能脂肪酸エステル混合物)であるポリグリセリンのベヘン酸エステルだけの場合(比較例2)は、最低定着温度が180℃であり、低温定着性が不十分である。
Claims (4)
- 結着樹脂、着色剤、及びエステルワックスを含有する着色樹脂粒子と、外添剤とを含有する静電荷像現像用トナーにおいて、
(i)該エステルワックスが、4価以上の多価アルコールのポリグリセリンと、炭素数14〜25の飽和または不飽和の脂肪酸との多官能脂肪酸エステル化合物と、炭素数13〜25の高級飽和脂肪族の1価アルコールと、炭素数14〜25の飽和または不飽和の脂肪酸との単官能脂肪酸エステル化合物とを、50:50〜95:5の範囲内の重量比で含有し、
(ii)該エステルワックスが、該多官能脂肪酸エステル化合物と該単官能脂肪酸エステル化合物との溶融混合物から調製された凝固物であって、該凝固物は、示差走査熱量計で測定したとき、単一の最大吸熱ピーク温度を示す共晶状態のエステル混合物であり、
(iii)該多官能脂肪酸エステル化合物及び該単官能脂肪酸エステル化合物が、いずれも35℃で測定したスチレン100gに対する溶解量が5g以上の溶解性を示すものであり、かつ、
(iv)該着色樹脂粒子が、結着樹脂、着色剤、及びエステルワックスを含有する着色重合体粒子から成るコア粒子と、該コア粒子の表面を被覆した重合体層とから成るコア−シェル構造を持つ着色重合体粒子である静電荷像現像用トナー。 - 該多官能脂肪酸エステル化合物が、少なくとも4価から8価までの各多価アルコールを含有する多価アルコール混合物と脂肪酸との多官能脂肪酸エステル混合物である請求項1記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
- 該多官能脂肪酸エステル混合物が、5官能乃至7官能の各多官能脂肪酸エステルを、それぞれ15重量%以上の割合で含有するものである請求項2記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
- 該多官能脂肪酸エステル混合物が、5官能以上の各多官能脂肪酸エステルを、合計で80重量%以上の割合で含有するものである請求項3記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
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