JP5216917B2 - スパークプラグ - Google Patents
スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5216917B2 JP5216917B2 JP2011520798A JP2011520798A JP5216917B2 JP 5216917 B2 JP5216917 B2 JP 5216917B2 JP 2011520798 A JP2011520798 A JP 2011520798A JP 2011520798 A JP2011520798 A JP 2011520798A JP 5216917 B2 JP5216917 B2 JP 5216917B2
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- alumina
- oxide
- sintered body
- based sintered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 64
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 41
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 RE element oxides Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPEMFLOMQVFMCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[O--].[Pm+3].[Pm+3] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Pm+3].[Pm+3] UPEMFLOMQVFMCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);ytterbium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Yb+3].[Yb+3] UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003454 ytterbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075624 ytterbium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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Description
(1)中心電極と、前記中心電極の外周に設けられた略円筒状の絶縁体と、前記絶縁体の外周に設けられた略円筒状の主体金具とを備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、ケイ素成分(以下においてSi成分と称する。)と、マグネシウム成分(以下においてMg成分と称する。)と、カルシウム成分、ストロンチウム成分及びバリウム成分からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の成分(以下において第2族元素成分と称する。)と、希土類元素成分(以下においてRE成分と称する。)とを含有するアルミナ基焼結体を備え、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相は、前記RE成分を含むヘキサアルミネート結晶を有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と前記Mg成分との比が酸化物換算した場合の質量比(RE酸化物/MgO)で5.4≦RE酸化物/MgO≦17.5を満たし、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相を、透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し、直径0.3nmの円形のスポットのうち、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の存在が確認されたスポットにおけるアルカリ金属成分の含有量が酸化物換算で0.01質量%以上20質量%以下の範囲内にあり、
前記アルカリ金属成分の前記含有量範囲にあるスポットが、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶と前記Si成分との存在が確認されたスポットであることを特徴とするスパークプラグであり、
(2)中心電極と、前記中心電極の外周に設けられた略円筒状の絶縁体と、前記絶縁体の外周に設けられた略円筒状の主体金具とを備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、ケイ素成分(以下においてSi成分と称する。)と、マグネシウム成分(以下においてMg成分と称する。)と、カルシウム成分、ストロンチウム成分及びバリウム成分からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の成分(以下において第2族元素成分と称する。)と、希土類元素成分(以下においてRE成分と称する。)とを含有するアルミナ基焼結体を備え、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相は、前記RE成分を含むヘキサアルミネート結晶を有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と前記Mg成分との比が酸化物換算した場合の質量比(RE酸化物/MgO)で5.4≦RE酸化物/MgO≦17.5を満たし、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相を、透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し、直径0.3nmの円形のスポットのうち、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の存在が確認されたスポットにおけるアルカリ金属成分の含有量が酸化物換算で0.01質量%以上20質量%以下の範囲内にあり、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{RE酸化物/(SiO 2 +MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}で0.25≦RE酸化物/(SiO 2 +MgO+第2族元素酸化物)≦0.82を満たすことを特徴とするスパークプラグであり、
(3)前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}で0.25≦RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)≦0.82を満たす(1)に記載のスパークプラグであり、
(4)前記アルミナ焼結体中は前記バリウム成分(以下においてBa成分と称する。)を含有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体に含まれる前記第2族元素成分が前記カルシウム成分(以下においてCa成分と称する。)及び/又は前記ストロンチウム成分(以下においてSr成分と称する。)であり、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記Ba成分と、前記Ba成分、前記Mg成分並びに前記Ca成分及び/又は前記Sr成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)}で0.3≦BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)≦0.8を満たす(1)〜(3)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグであり、
(5)前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の平均粒径が5μm以下である(1)〜(4)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグであり、
(6)前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶は、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分と、層状構造又は固溶体を形成する(1)〜(5)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグであり、
(7)前記アルミナ基焼結体は、アルミナ原料と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分、並びに前記RE成分から成る副原料とをスラリー中で混合して造粒した後に成形及び焼成して成り、前記スラリー中の前記アルミナ原料の平均粒径と前記副原料の平均粒径との粒径比(Dアルミナ原料/D副原料)が1.2≦Dアルミナ原料/D副原料≦4.4である(1)〜(6)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグである。
特に、ヘキサアルミネート結晶の近傍にSi成分が存在することにより、焼成時における粒子の異方成長を更に抑制することができる。
原料粉末として、平均粒径2.1μmのアルミナ粉末と、SiO2粉末、マグネシウム(Mg)成分、カルシウム(Ca)成分、ストロンチウム(Sr)成分、バリウム(Ba)成分の各炭酸塩粉末と、希土類元素含有粉末とを混合した。更に、バインダ例えばポリビニルアルコールと、溶媒としての水とを添加して成形用素地スラリーを調製した。
絶縁体を切断した断面に研磨処理を施した後に、株式会社リガク製のX線回折装置(型式:MiniFlex、測定角度範囲(2θ):20〜70°、X線条件:電圧30kV、電流15mA)を用いて前記断面のX線回折分析をすることにより、結晶相を同定することとした。また、ヘキサアルミネート結晶であると同定した部位に、RE成分が含まれていることも確認した。
得られた絶縁体の各成分の含有量は、EPMAを用いた定量分析により測定した。絶縁体に含まれる各成分の含有量は、表1に示す。
絶縁体においてヘキサアルミネート結晶及びSi成分の存在が確認されたスポットに含まれるアルカリ金属の含有量は、株式会社日立製作所製の透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM、型式:HD−2000)に付属のEDAX社製のエネルギー分散型X線分析装置(EDX、型式:Genesis4000、検出器:SUTW3.3RTEM)を用いて元素分析することによって、測定した。分析の条件は、加速電圧が200kV、照射モードがHR、スポットサイズが0.3nm、ヘキサアルミネート結晶及びSi成分と粒界相に存在するガラスとが存在している部位について、任意の30点を観察するという条件に設定した。この観察した30点の各点において測定されたアルカリ金属成分の酸化物換算の質量%の平均値を、前記アルカリ金属の含有量とした。各試料のアルカリ金属の含有量を、表1に示す。表1において「*」を付した試料番号は比較例である。
表1に示した各成分の含有量を用いて、(RE酸化物/MgO)、{RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}、{BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)}をそれぞれ算出した。算出した結果を表2に示す。なお、(RE酸化物/MgO)は、「RE/MgO」で示し、{RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}は、「RE/(SiO2+2族)」で示し、{BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)}は、「Ba/2族」で示している。
各試料の高温下における耐電圧を測定した。耐電圧を測定する装置を図2に示す。図2(a)は、絶縁体30と、絶縁体30の先端近傍を囲繞する金属製のリング31とを俯瞰した図であり、図2(b)は、絶縁体30と前記リング31との断面図である。耐電圧の測定に供する絶縁体30は、その軸線方向の中心部に軸孔を備えていると共に、軸孔の先端部は閉じた状態と成っている。リング31は、その軸線長さLが3〜4mmであり、図示しない固定手段によって、絶縁体30の先端近傍に固定されている。絶縁体30は、基部32により一端部が固定され、他端部が基部32から突出している。前記軸孔には中心電極Dが挿入配置されている。この高温下での耐電圧評価は、絶縁体30の基部32から突出した部位を600〜950℃に高周波加熱し、絶縁体30における加熱され易い金属製のリング31に近接した部位が800℃、850℃及び900℃の所定温度に達した状態において、中心電極Dとリング31との間に電圧を印加し、絶縁体30に絶縁破壊が発生したときの電圧値を試料の耐電圧値として測定することとした。測定した耐電圧値を、表3に示す。
絶縁体が緻密化されていることを確認するために、算出した。各絶縁体の相対密度は、先ずJIS R 1634に準拠した方法で見かけ密度を測定し、格子定数より算出した理論密度と測定した見かけ密度とを用いて算出した。算出した相対密度を、表3に示す。
各絶縁体の表面を鏡面研磨し、焼成温度よりも100℃低い温度で10分にわたって研磨面にサーマルエッチング処理を施した。この処理を施した表面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察し、インターセプト法にて、ヘキサアルミネート結晶の平均結晶粒径を計測した。その結果を表4に示す。
絶縁体の熱衝撃性評価は、所定温度に加熱した絶縁体を水中にて急冷し、絶縁体にクラックが発生したときの加熱温度と水温との温度差を熱衝撃(ΔT)とした。熱衝撃性の測定結果を表4に示す。
原料の粒径は、日機装株式会社製のマイクロトラック粒度分布測定装置(MT−3000)によりレーザー回折法で測定した平均粒径を採用した。各試料におけるアルミナ粉末の平均粒径と副原料粉末の平均粒径との比を算出し、表5に示す。
2、D 中心電極
3 絶縁体
4 主体金具
6 接地電極
7 外材
8 内材
9 ネジ部
G 火花放電間隙
30 絶縁体
31 リング
32 基部
L 軸線長さ
Claims (7)
- 中心電極と、前記中心電極の外周に設けられた略円筒状の絶縁体と、前記絶縁体の外周に設けられた略円筒状の主体金具とを備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、ケイ素成分(以下においてSi成分と称する。)と、マグネシウム成分(以下においてMg成分と称する。)と、カルシウム成分、ストロンチウム成分及びバリウム成分からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の成分(以下において第2族元素成分と称する。)と、希土類元素成分(以下においてRE成分と称する。)とを含有するアルミナ基焼結体を備え、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相は、前記RE成分を含むヘキサアルミネート結晶を有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と前記Mg成分との比が酸化物換算した場合の質量比(RE酸化物/MgO)で5.4≦RE酸化物/MgO≦17.5を満たし、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相を、透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し、直径0.3nmの円形のスポットのうち、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の存在が確認されたスポットにおけるアルカリ金属成分の含有量が酸化物換算で0.01質量%以上20質量%以下の範囲内にあり、
前記アルカリ金属成分の前記含有量範囲にあるスポットが、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶と前記Si成分との存在が確認されたスポットであることを特徴とするスパークプラグ。 - 中心電極と、前記中心電極の外周に設けられた略円筒状の絶縁体と、前記絶縁体の外周に設けられた略円筒状の主体金具とを備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、ケイ素成分(以下においてSi成分と称する。)と、マグネシウム成分(以下においてMg成分と称する。)と、カルシウム成分、ストロンチウム成分及びバリウム成分からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の成分(以下において第2族元素成分と称する。)と、希土類元素成分(以下においてRE成分と称する。)とを含有するアルミナ基焼結体を備え、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相は、前記RE成分を含むヘキサアルミネート結晶を有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と前記Mg成分との比が酸化物換算した場合の質量比(RE酸化物/MgO)で5.4≦RE酸化物/MgO≦17.5を満たし、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相を、透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し、直径0.3nmの円形のスポットのうち、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の存在が確認されたスポットにおけるアルカリ金属成分の含有量が酸化物換算で0.01質量%以上20質量%以下の範囲内にあり、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{RE酸化物/(SiO 2 +MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}で0.25≦RE酸化物/(SiO 2 +MgO+第2族元素酸化物)≦0.82を満たすことを特徴とするスパークプラグ。 - 前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}で0.25≦RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)≦0.82を満たす請求項1に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記アルミナ基焼結体は前記バリウム成分(以下においてBa成分と称する。)を含有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体に含まれる前記第2族元素成分が前記カルシウム成分(以下においてCa成分と称する。)及び/又は前記ストロンチウム成分(以下においてSr成分と称する。)であり、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記Ba成分と、前記Ba成分、前記Mg成分並びに前記Ca成分及び/又は前記Sr成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)}で0.3≦BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)≦0.8を満たす請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。 - 前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の平均粒径が5μm以下である請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶は、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分と、層状構造又は固溶体を形成する請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記アルミナ基焼結体は、アルミナ原料と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分、並びに前記RE成分から成る副原料とをスラリー中で混合して造粒した後に成形及び焼成して成り、前記スラリー中の前記アルミナ原料の平均粒径と前記副原料の平均粒径との粒径比(Dアルミナ原料/D副原料)が1.2≦Dアルミナ原料/D副原料≦4.4である請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。
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