JP5132941B2 - 導電性物質で被覆した電極添加剤、及びそれを含んでなるリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
導電性物質で被覆した電極添加剤、及びそれを含んでなるリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 58
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 52
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
- A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
- A47L13/20—Mops
- A47L13/22—Mops with liquid-feeding devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
- A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
- A47L13/20—Mops
- A47L13/24—Frames for mops; Mop heads
- A47L13/254—Plate frames
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/626—Metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Description
MxAy (式1)
(上記式1中、
Mは金属であり、
AはOH、O、及びCO3からなる群から選択されてなり、
xはAの酸化数を表わし、
yはMの原子価を表わす。)
好ましい態様の詳細な説明
実施例
実施例1
電極添加剤を調製するために、炭素物質であるアセチレンブラックを被覆材として、また金属水酸化物であるMg(OH)2 をコア粒子として用いた。アセチレンブラックの含有量は、コア粒子であるMg(OH)2の含有量の5重量%とした。アセチレンブラックとMg(OH)2の混合物を機械的溶融装置に仕込み、金属水酸化物の表面に炭素を被せるために250rpmの低速回転に3分間付し、その後1400rpmの高速回転に20分間付して電極添加剤(C0.05Mg(OH)2 )を調製した。
陰極活物質としてLiCoO2を用い、この陰極活物質に、上で調製した電極添加剤(C0.05Mg(OH)2 )を陰極活物質の0.5重量%加えた。その後、スーパーP(導電物質)2.5%、及び結合剤としてのポリ二弗化ビニリデン(PVdF)2.5%と共に、陰極活物質粉末(LiCoO2)と電極添加剤をn−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶剤に分散させてスラリーを得た。このようにして得たスラリーをアルミ箔に塗布し、加熱してNMP溶剤を蒸発乾固させ、次いで約500kg/cm2の圧で圧縮して陰極を作製した。
陽極活物質として合成グラファイトを用い、アセチレンブラック(導電性物質)を陽極活物質の0.8%、結合剤としてのPVdFを陽極活物質の3.9%、蓚酸を陽極活物質の0.2%、合成グラファイトと共にNMP溶剤に分散させてスラリーを得た。このようにして得たスラリーを銅箔に塗布し、加熱してNMP溶剤を蒸発乾固させ、次いで約500kg/cm2の圧で圧縮して陽極を作製した。
上で作製した陰極と陽極、及び電解質として、炭酸エチレン(EC)と炭酸エチルメチル(EMC)の1:2(v/v)混合溶剤中に1MのLiPF6を溶かした溶液を用いて、通常のパウチ型複電池を作製した。
実施例2
実施例3
実施例4
実施例5
実施例6
実施例7
実施例8
実施例9
実施例10
実施例11
実施例12
実施例13
実施例14
実施例15
実施例16
実施例17
実施例18
比較例1
比較例2
比較例3
産業上の利用可能性
Claims (8)
- リチウム二次電池用の電極であって、
電極活物質と、導電性物質と、及び電極添加剤を含有する電極材料を用いて電極スラリーを調製し、及び、このように調製した電極スラリーを集電体に塗布して、作製されてなるものであり、
前記電極添加剤が、電極材料に添加される物質(「コア粒子」)の表面に、導電性物質(「被覆材」)を被覆し、電池特性を改良する物質であり、及び
前記コア粒子が、高温貯蔵特性を改良するために電池電極に添加されるものであり、Mg(OH) 2 、BaCO 3 、MgO、Y(OH) 3 及びAl(OH) 3 からなる群から選択されてなる化合物である、電極。 - 前記被覆材が、炭素、導電性金属、導電性無機物質、及び導電性ポリマーからなる群から選択されてなる一種又は二種以上の物質で構成されてなる、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記炭素が、カーボンブラック、及びアセチレンブラックからなる群から選択されてなるものであり、
前記導電性金属が、Cu、Ag、Pt、及びNiからなる群から選択されてなるものであり、
前記導電性無機物質が、インジウム・錫酸化物(In2O3SnO2)、酸化錫(SnO2)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、酸化ルテニウム(RuO2)、及びTiB2からなる群から選択されてなるものであり、
前記導電性ポリマーが、ポリピロール、及びポリアニリンからなる群から選択されてなるものである、請求項2に記載の電極。 - 前記被覆材の導電性が、2.0×102/cmΩよりも高いものである、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記被覆材の粒径が、10〜1000nmである、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記被覆材の量が、前記コア粒子の0.01〜20重量%の範囲内にある、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記電極添加剤が、前記電極活物質の0.05〜10重量%で含まれてなる、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 請求項1の電極を含んでなる、リチウム二次電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR20040008135 | 2004-02-07 | ||
KR10-2004-0008135 | 2004-02-07 | ||
PCT/KR2005/000298 WO2005076391A1 (en) | 2004-02-07 | 2005-02-01 | Electrode additives coated with electro conductive material and lithium secondary comprising the same |
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JP2007522619A JP2007522619A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
JP5132941B2 true JP5132941B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
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JP2006552043A Active JP5132941B2 (ja) | 2004-02-07 | 2005-02-01 | 導電性物質で被覆した電極添加剤、及びそれを含んでなるリチウム二次電池 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20050208380A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1711971B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5132941B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100674011B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1918731B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI269477B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005076391A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (42)
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US7468224B2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2008-12-23 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Battery having improved positive electrode and method of manufacturing the same |
WO2007021640A2 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-22 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Bimetallic treatment system and its application for removal and remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) |
US7842639B2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2010-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Mechanical alloying of a hydrogenation catalyst used for the remediation of contaminated compounds |
JP2008053220A (ja) * | 2006-07-25 | 2008-03-06 | Gs Yuasa Corporation:Kk | 非水電解質電池及びその製造方法 |
KR101264332B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-20 | 2013-05-14 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 캐소드 활물질 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지 |
EP1972267A1 (de) | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-24 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | System zur in-vivo Messung einer Analytkonzentration |
JP5374851B2 (ja) | 2007-10-15 | 2013-12-25 | ソニー株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
KR101430616B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-18 | 2014-08-14 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 캐소드 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지 |
WO2009140323A2 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-19 | U.S.A. As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Zero-valent metallic treatment system and its applicaton for removal and remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls |
JP5196555B2 (ja) | 2008-08-06 | 2013-05-15 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 電極材料前駆体の製造方法及び得られた電極材料前駆体を用いる電極材料の製造方法 |
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CN1918731A (zh) | 2007-02-21 |
JP2007522619A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
KR20050079899A (ko) | 2005-08-11 |
CN1918731B (zh) | 2011-03-09 |
US20050208380A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
TW200532974A (en) | 2005-10-01 |
TWI269477B (en) | 2006-12-21 |
US20120288761A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
EP1711971A4 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
WO2005076391A1 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
EP1711971B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
KR100674011B1 (ko) | 2007-01-24 |
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