JP5063584B2 - 燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置及び燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置の動作方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置及び燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置の動作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 210
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 89
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KYYSIVCCYWZZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O KYYSIVCCYWZZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NLPVCCRZRNXTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O NLPVCCRZRNXTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 hydrocarbon sulfide Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001991 steam methane reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
(a)第1の作動モードにおいて燃料電池装置に安全ガスを供給すること;
(b)第2の作動モードにおいて燃料電池装置に合成ガスを供給すること;及び
(c)第3の作動モードにおいて燃料電池装置に処理した炭化水素燃料を供給すること
を含む燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置の動作方法を提供する。
例1:プロパン+水素=エタン+メタン、
例2:トルエン+水素=ベンゼン+メタン、
例3:ブタン+水素=エタン+エタン。
Claims (18)
- 燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置の動作方法であって、
(a)第1の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に安全ガスを供給することであって、前記第1の作動モードが、炭化水素燃料を脱硫すること、該炭化水素燃料の接触部分酸化を行って合成ガスを生成すること、該脱硫した炭化水素燃料を燃焼させて酸素欠乏ガスを生成すること、及び、該合成ガスと該酸素欠乏ガスとを混合して安全ガスを生成することを含み;
(b)第2の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に合成ガスを供給することであって、前記第2の作動モードが、該炭化水素燃料の接触部分酸化を行って合成ガスを生成することを含み;及び
(c)第3の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に、処理した炭化水素燃料を供給することであって、前記第3の作動モードが、炭化水素燃料を脱硫すること、該炭化水素燃料の接触部分酸化を行って合成ガスを生成すること、該合成ガスを該脱硫した炭化水素燃料と混合すること、及び該脱硫した炭化水素燃料を予備改質して処理した炭化水素燃料を生成することを含むことであることを含むことを特徴とする燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置の動作方法。 - 前記第1のモードが、前記燃料電池装置の起動状態及び/又は停止状態である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のモードが、前記燃料電池装置のホットアイドル状態及び/又は部分負荷状態である請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記第3のモードが、前記燃料電池装置の平常状態である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記脱硫が、合成ガスと前記炭化水素燃料とを混合させることにより、前記合成ガス中の水素と前記炭化水素燃料中の硫黄化合物とを反応させて硫化水素を生成することを含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記脱硫が、前記硫化水素を吸着することを含む請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記脱硫した炭化水素燃料の予備改質が、水素化分解を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置であって、第1の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に安全ガスを供給する手段であって、該第1の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に安全ガスを供給する手段が、炭化水素燃料を脱硫する手段、該炭化水素燃料の接触部分酸化を行って合成ガスを生成する手段、該脱硫した炭化水素燃料を燃焼させて酸素欠乏ガスを生成する手段、及び、該合成ガスと該酸素欠乏ガスとを混合して安全ガスを生成する手段を含んでいる手段;第2の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に合成ガスを供給する手段であって、該第2の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に合成ガスを供給する手段が、該炭化水素燃料の接触部分酸化を行って合成ガスを生成する手段を含んでいる手段;並びに第3の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に、処理した炭化水素燃料を供給する手段であって、該第3の作動モードにおいて該燃料電池装置に、処理した炭化水素燃料を供給する手段が、炭化水素燃料を脱硫する手段、該炭化水素燃料の接触部分酸化を行って合成ガスを生成する手段、該合成ガスを該脱硫した炭化水素燃料と混合する手段、及び該脱硫した炭化水素燃料を予備改質して処理した炭化水素燃料を生成する手段を含んでいる手段を含むことを特徴とする燃料電池装置用の燃料処理装置。
- 請求項8に記載の燃料処理装置(10)であって、該燃料処理装置が、脱硫反応器(12)と、接触部分酸化反応器(14)を含む合成ガス供給手段を含み、該燃料処理装置がさらに燃焼器(16)と、プレリフォーマ(18)と、該脱硫反応器(12)に炭化水素燃料を供給する手段(20)と、該接触部分酸化反応器(14)に空気を供給する手段(24)と、該燃焼器(16)に空気を供給する手段(24)とを含んでおり、該脱硫反応器(12)が、該接触部分酸化反応器(14)、該燃焼器(16)、及び該プレリフォーマ(18)に脱硫した炭化水素燃料を供給するように構成されており、該燃焼器(16)が、該プレリフォーマ(18)に酸素欠乏空気及び水蒸気を供給するように構成されており、該接触部分酸化反応器(14)が該脱硫反応器(12)に水素を含む合成ガスを供給するように構成されており、該接触部分酸化反応器(14)が該プレリフォーマ(18)に水素を含む合成ガスを供給するように構成されており、かつ該プレリフォーマ(18)が燃料電池装置に生成ガスを供給するように構成されている燃料処理装置。
- 請求項8に記載の燃料処理装置(10)であって、該燃料処理装置が、脱硫反応器(12)と、接触部分酸化反応器(14)を含む合成ガス供給手段を含み、該燃料処理装置がさらに燃焼器(16)と、プレリフォーマ(18)と、該脱硫反応器(12)に炭化水素燃料を供給する手段(20)と、該接触部分酸化反応器(14)に炭化水素燃料を供給する手段(20)と、該接触部分酸化反応器(14)に空気を供給する手段(24)と、該燃焼器(16)に空気を供給する手段(24)とを含んでおり、該脱硫反応器(12)が、該燃焼器(16)及び該プレリフォーマ(18)に脱硫した炭化水素燃料を供給するように構成されており、該燃焼器(16)が該プレリフォーマ(18)に酸素欠乏空気及び水蒸気を供給するように構成されており、該接触部分酸化反応器(16)が該脱硫反応器(12)に水素を含む合成ガスを供給するように構成されており、かつ該プレリフォーマ(18)が燃料電池装置に生成ガスを供給するように構成されている燃料処理装置。
- 前記脱硫反応器(12)が、水素を前記炭化水素燃料中の硫黄と反応させる水素化脱硫触媒を含む請求項9又は10に記載の燃料処理装置。
- 前記脱硫触媒が、モリブデン酸ニッケル及び/又はモリブデン酸コバルトを含む請求項11に記載の燃料処理装置。
- 前記脱硫反応器(12)が、硫化水素を吸収するための酸化亜鉛及び銅ドープ酸化亜鉛を含む請求項9〜12のいずれか一項に記載の燃料処理装置。
- 前記プレリフォーマ(18)が予備改質触媒を含む請求項9〜13のいずれか一項に記載の燃料処理装置。
- 前記予備改質触媒が水素化分解触媒を含む請求項14に記載の燃料処理装置。
- 前記触媒がニッケル又はコバルトを含む請求項14又は15に記載の燃料処理装置。
- 前記接触部分酸化反応器(16)が部分酸化触媒を含む請求項9〜16のいずれか一項に記載の燃料処理装置。
- 前記部分酸化触媒がコバルト、ニッケル、鉄、白金、ロジウム、ルテニウム、又はモリブデンのうちの1つ以上を含む請求項17に記載の燃料処理装置。
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GB0504755.0 | 2005-03-08 | ||
PCT/GB2006/000487 WO2006095127A1 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2006-02-13 | A fuel processor for a fuel cell arrangement and a method of operating a fuel processor for a fuel cell arrangement |
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