JP5044854B2 - ヌクレオチドプロドラッグおよびオリゴヌクレオチドプロドラッグ - Google Patents
ヌクレオチドプロドラッグおよびオリゴヌクレオチドプロドラッグ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5044854B2 JP5044854B2 JP2008545782A JP2008545782A JP5044854B2 JP 5044854 B2 JP5044854 B2 JP 5044854B2 JP 2008545782 A JP2008545782 A JP 2008545782A JP 2008545782 A JP2008545782 A JP 2008545782A JP 5044854 B2 JP5044854 B2 JP 5044854B2
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- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004051 gastric juice Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009368 gene silencing by RNA Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940046257 glyceryl phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003163 gonadal steroid hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010073071 hepatocellular carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000844 hepatocellular carcinoma Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003405 ileum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002632 imidazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003392 indanyl group Chemical group C1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004347 intestinal mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002497 iodine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PELJISAVHGXLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OCI PELJISAVHGXLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004628 isothiazolidinyl group Chemical group S1N(CCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003965 isoxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000842 isoxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000001630 jejunum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004092 methylthiomethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])SC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000296 mitochondrial toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108091005573 modified proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000035118 modified proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004682 mucosal barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BXWSEVKWUMTFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-hydroxybutyl)benzamide Chemical compound OCCCCNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BXWSEVKWUMTFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKCGXXHCELUCKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(dinaphthalen-2-ylamino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalen-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N(C=3C=CC(=CC=3)C=3C=CC(=CC=3)N(C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)=CC=C21 QKCGXXHCELUCKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MRWXACSTFXYYMV-FDDDBJFASA-N nebularine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC=C2N=C1 MRWXACSTFXYYMV-FDDDBJFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012316 non-parametric ANOVA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000160 oxazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-L phosphoramidate Chemical compound NP([O-])([O-])=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000008298 phosphoramidates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008300 phosphoramidites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZEMIJUDPLILVNQ-ZXFNITATSA-N pivampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@@H]3N(C2=O)[C@H](C(S3)(C)C)C(=O)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 ZEMIJUDPLILVNQ-ZXFNITATSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003342 pivampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002212 purine nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003072 pyrazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002755 pyrazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002336 ribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002652 ribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006168 tricyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011178 triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002264 triphosphate group Chemical class [H]OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])OP(=O)(O[H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
- A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
- A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7084—Compounds having two nucleosides or nucleotides, e.g. nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, flavine-adenine dinucleotide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J17/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen, having an oxygen-containing hetero ring not condensed with the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J43/00—Normal steroids having a nitrogen-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed or not condensed with the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton
- C07J43/003—Normal steroids having a nitrogen-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed or not condensed with the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton not condensed
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2005年12月13日に出願された米国仮出願第60/750,036号、および2006年5月15日に出願された米国仮出願第60/800,294号の利益を主張する。上記の(一つまたは複数の)出願の全体の教示は、参照によって本明細書に援用される。
本発明の全体または一部は、NIH Grant number 5 UO1 AI058270-02/03によって援助された。
本発明は、ヌクレオシド、ヌクレオチドおよびオリゴヌクレオチドのプロドラッグアナログの設計、合成および評価に関する。本発明の化合物、組成物および方法は、B型肝炎ウイルス(HBV)の感染およびHBVに関連する肝臓病の治療にとって有用である。具体的には、化合物および組成物は、新規抗HBV剤であるホスホロチオアートのジ-およびトリ-ヌクレオチドのS-アルキルエステルに関した。化合物およびその組み合わせは、単独でまたは他の抗HBV剤と組み合わせてのいずれかで投与され得る。
B型肝炎ウイルス(HBV)によって引き起こされる急性のおよび慢性の肝臓感染症は、米国での170万人を含めたほぼ20億人に影響を与える、主要な世界規模の公衆衛生上の危機を構成する(WHOの報告)。世界全体では、3億5000万人のHBVの慢性のキャリアがいると推定されている。疾病管理センターによれば、肝硬変および肝細胞ガン等の感染に伴う合併症によって、1年間にほぼ300万〜700万人が死亡している。肝臓の被移植者のかなりの数が、効果的な抗HBV療法を必要とし続けている。HBVは、かなりの数のヒトのガンを引き起こす重要な病原体であると認識されている。HBV感染はまた、肝臓が破壊される不治の病である劇症肝炎を導く。慢性肝炎の感染症は、慢性持続性肝炎、疲労、肝硬変、肝臓ガンおよび死を導く。HBV感染の疫学は、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)のそれと類似している。多数のHIVキャリアは、HBVを同時に感染する。しかしながら、HBVはHIVよりも100倍感染しやすい。
経口によって生体で利用することができるジ-およびトリ-ヌクレオチドのアナログを開発する取り組みにおいて、モデルとなるジヌクレオチドの、多数のS-官能化された非荷電プロヌクレオチド誘導体の合成および評価を実施した。元のヌクレオチドをインビボで曝してしまうという潜在的な機能をアンマスキングする標的酵素の能力に基づいて、プロヌクレオチド誘導体を設計した。本明細書では、特にHBVの治療に有用な種々の化合物について、設計、合成、安定性、バイオリバーシビリティおよび細胞毒性研究の結果を開示する。
またはそのラセミ体、鏡像異性体、ジアステレオマー、幾何異性体、互変異性体を提供するものであり、
ここで、
X=なし、O、NH、NR、S;
X1=なし、O、NH;
A=なし、アリール、アラルキル;
n=0、1、2、3、4、5;
R=アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、置換アリール、アラルキル、複素環、O-アルキル、O-ヘテロアリール、ステロイド;
R1、R2は独立して、H、OH、O-アルキル、アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、置換アリール、アラルキル、複素環、O-アリール、O-ヘテロアリールアリール、複素環;
R3は、水素、アルキル、置換アルキル、C(O)-アルキル、C(O)O-アルキル、C(O)-アリール、C(O)O-アリール、C(O)NH-アルキルおよびC(O)NH-アリールから選択され;
Y、Zは独立してOおよびSであり;
B1、B2は独立して、アデニン、グアニン、チミン、シトシン、ウラシルまたは修飾ヌクレオシドであり;
m=1〜40である。
本発明の上記のおよび他の目的、特徴および利点は、添付の図面に示されているような、次の本発明の好ましい態様のより詳細な説明から自明であり、この図面では、異なる図の全体をとおして、同様の参照符号は同じパーツを意味する。本図面は、本発明の原則を図示して記載する代わりに、拡大縮小したり、強調したりする必要は必ずしもない。
第一の態様においては、本発明の化合物は、上記の式Iで表される化合物、またはそのラセミ体、鏡像異性体、ジアステレオマー、幾何異性体、互変異性体である。
ここで、mは1、2または3であり;ならびにR、X、A、n、R1、R2、B1およびB2は既に定義されたとおりである。
ここで、R、X、A、n、B1およびB2は既に定義されたとおりである。
ここで、R4は、水素、水素、C(O)-アルキル、C(O)O-アルキル、C(O)-アリール、C(O)O-アリール、C(O)NH-アルキルおよびC(O)NH-アリールから選択され;ならびにR、R3、X、X1、Aおよびnは既に定義されたとおりである。
ここで、R、R3、R4、X、X1、Aおよびnは既に定義されたとおりである。
ここで、R、R3、X、X1、Aおよびnは既に定義されたとおりである。
式A1の化合物(l)〜(8):
ここで、R、X1、R3およびR4は、表1のそれぞれの例で示される。
式B1の化合物(9)〜(16):
ここで、R、X1、R3およびR4は、表2のそれぞれの例で示される。
本発明の別の態様においては、複合化部分が親油基であってもよく、この親油基は哺乳類の細胞の脂質二重層または細菌の細胞壁等の生物学的障壁を横断する薬物の輸送を促進する。このような親油基の具体例としては、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、コレステロール、コール酸、リン脂質等が挙げられるが、これらに制限されるわけではない。親油基は、ジヌクレオシドホスホロチオアートのコール酸アナログである3-dApsU2'-OMeで示された構造すなわち式の化合物(B)で示される一以上の部位で、糖ヒドロキシル、核酸塩基またはヌクレオチド内のホスファートとホスホロチオアートとの結合のいずれかに結合する。
実施例1:反応物および方法
選択されたプロドラッグ(プロヌクレオチド)および複合体の合成および評価についての典型的な実施例を本明細書に記す。ジヌクレオチド3-dApsU2'-OMeについての代表的なデータを示すが、適切な改変により、これは本発明において権利主張される他の化合物についても使用され得る。
標的化合物6kを2工程で調製する。
工程1. クロロメチルデオキシコール酸の合成。エタノール(4mL)中のデオキシコール酸(120mg、0.306mmol)に、水(3mL)中の炭酸セシウム(53mg、0.160mmol)の溶液を添加した。反応混合物を30分間攪拌し、最初に回転真空下でその後、高真空下でエタノールを除去した。残渣を凍結乾燥して白色粉末のセシウム塩を得た。N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF、3mL)中のセシウム塩の溶液に、室温でブロモクロロメタン(10mL)を添加し、アルミ箔で覆われた反応混合物を室温で24時間攪拌した。溶媒を除去して反応混合物をジクロロメタン(20mL)中に抽出し、水(5mL)、ブライン(5mL) で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後溶媒を除去してクロロメチル化合物(100mg、74%)を得た。それ以上精製することなく、これを対応するヨードメチル誘導体への変換に使用した。
ヨードメチルN-(t-ブトキシカルボニル)-L-フェニルアラニナート。エタノール(3mL)中のN-(t-ブトキシカルボニル)-L-フェニルグリシン(663mg、2.49mmol)に、水(2mL)中の炭酸セシウム(427mg、1.31mmol)の溶液を添加した。ガスの放出を終えた後、反応混合物を1時間攪拌した。溶媒を除去して凍結乾燥し、セシウム塩を得た。N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF、2mL)中のセシウム塩(270 mg, 0.82 mmol)の溶液に、ブロモクロロメタン(5mL)を添加して、反応混合物をアルミ箔で覆って一晩攪拌した。分離した固体を濾過して、固体をDMF(2mL)で洗浄し、高真空下で濾過物を濃縮した。TLC((Hex: EtOAc 4:1)により生成物(206mg、80%)は純粋であると見出された。これ以上精製することなく、この中間体をヨード化合物への変換に使用した。無水アセトニトリル(3mL)中のヨウ化ナトリウム(196mg、1.31mmol)の溶液に、無水アセトニトリル(1mL)中のクロロメチルフェニルアラニエート誘導体(206mg、0.656mmol)を添加した。光を防いで、反応混合物を室温で一晩攪拌した。固体を濾過し、DMF(3mL)で洗浄して、濾過物を真空下で濃縮した。残渣をジクロロメタン(10mL)および水(5mL)に抽出し、有機層をNaHSO3(5%、5mL)およびブライン(飽和、5mL)で洗浄した。無水Na2SO4で有機層を乾燥させ、濃縮して所望のヨード化合物(199mg、75%)を得た。
4-アセトアミドベンジルアルコールの調製。メタノール(100mL)中の4-アセトアミドベンズアルデヒド(10g、61.3mmol)の溶液に、室温で水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(800mg)を少しずつ添加した。反応混合物を一晩攪拌して、4:1のヘキサン:EtOAcを溶出物として使用しTLCにより反応の進行をチェックした。開始物質の非存在は還元の完了を示し、回転真空で反応混合物を濃縮した。残渣を、水(25mL)と酢酸エチル(4X50mL)の間で分離して、有機層をブライン(25mL)で洗浄した。酢酸エチル層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、溶媒を除去して黄白色固体のアルコールを得、これを高真空下で乾燥させた。8.6g(85%);1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 2.0 (s, 3H), 4.5 (d, 2H), 5.2 (t, IH), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 9.95 (s, 1H)。
4-アセトアミドベンジルヨウ化物の調製。冷却した無水DMF(5mL)の溶液に塩化チオニル(0.2mL、2.8mmol)を添加した。混合物を10分間攪拌して無水DMF(12mL)中のKI(2.49g、15mmol)の溶液を添加して、アルコール(0.165g、1mmol)の添加を続けた。反応混合物を氷浴中で3時間攪拌して室温で一晩攪拌した。反応混合物を氷水(25mL)に注ぎエーテル(3X25mL)で抽出した。エーテル層をブラインで洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ濃縮させて溶媒を除去した。透明黄色固体の生成物を得た(138mg、50%)。(TLC Hex: EtOAc (1:1)。1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 2.17 (s, 3H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 7.17(br.s, IH), 7.33 (d, 2H), 7.43 (d, 2H)。また、この化合物を、アセトニトリル中のヨウ化セシウムおよび臭化トリフルオライドエテレートを使用して収率を向上(約75%)させても調製した。前述のコール酸アナログについて記載されるように4-アセトアミドベンジルヨウ化物と3'dApsU2'OMeのカップリングを行なった。
4-ベンズアミドブチルヨウ化物の調製:0〜5℃の冷却した無水DMF(5mL)に塩化チオール(0.2mL)を添加し混合物を15分間攪拌した。続いて、無水DMF(8mL)中のヨウ化カリウム(2.4 g, 5 mmol)の溶液に、無水DMF(2mL)中の4-ベンズアミドブタノール(193mg、1mmol)の溶液を添加した。着色反応混合物を一晩攪拌した。反応混合物を氷冷水(約10mL)に注いで作用させ、エーテル(3x15mL)で抽出した。最終的に、エーテル層を水、ブラインで洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。濾過および溶媒の除去後に得られた粗生成物を、ヘキサンおよび酢酸エチルの混合物(4:1)を用いてカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、油状のヨード化合物を得た。45%;1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 3.23 (t, 2H), 3.55 (q, 2H), 6.26 (br.s, 1H), 7.48 (m, 3H), 7.75 (m, 2H)。
5-ベンゾイルオキシペンタン-1-オールの調製:安息香酸(1g)、1,5-ペンタンジオール(5mL)およびp-トルエンスルホン酸(110mg)を油浴中で、100℃で一晩加熱した。反応混合物を室温まで冷却して水(50mL)に注ぎ、EtOAc(2X25mL)で抽出し、炭酸ナトリウム(5%、20mL)その後ブライン(15mL)で洗浄した。無水硫酸ナトリウムで有機層を乾燥させ、濾過および濃縮してほぼ純粋な生成物を得た(1.15g、67%);
工程1. 4-アセトキシベンジルアルコールの調製:氷浴中で酢酸エチル(25mL)中の4-ヒドロキシベンジルアルコール(1.95g、14mmol)の冷却懸濁物に、攪拌しながら1ロットでトリエチルアミン(2.1mL、14.9mmol)を添加した。酢酸エチル(12mL)中の塩化アセチル(1.1mL、15.5mmol)の溶液を添加漏斗から滴下した。反応混合物を一晩攪拌した。固体を濾過して酢酸エチルで洗浄し、濃縮後、最初にヘキサン、その後徐々に酢酸エチルを40%まで上げて使用して、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより残渣を精製した。収率40%。1H-NMR (CDCl3), δ 2.02 (br. s, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 7.07 (d, 2H), 7.36 (d, 2H)。
バイオリバーシビリティ試験を以下のように行なった:各アナログのストック溶液を100μLのDMSO中に2mg溶解して調製した。10μLのアリコートを90μLのリン酸バッファー(0.1M、pH 7.0)および100μLアリコートのウサギ血清に希釈した。混合物を37℃の水浴中でインキュベートした。異なる時点でアリコートを除去し、200μLのメタノールに希釈して反応を停止した。次いで、インキュベート物を遠心分離し、スピードバク(speed vac)で上清を濃縮し、HPLCに注入する前に200μLの0.1M酢酸アンモニウムバッファーで希釈した。600E勾配制御装置を備えたWaters InstrumentおよびMillenniumソフトウェアを備えた996光ダイオードアレイ検出器を使用して逆相HPLC分析を行なった。X-terra MS C18 2.5μm、2.1 X 20mmカラムおよび30分かけたバッファーA(0.1M NH4OAc)およびバッファーB(80:20、CH3CN:NH4OAc)の100%Aから80%Bの操作勾配を使用した。プロドラッグについての保持時間は16〜18分の範囲であったが、Rp、Spジヌクレオチド5の保持時間は13.5分、13.8分であった。
雄および雌トランスジェニックマウス(ファウンダー(founder)1.3.32)をヒトB型肝炎に感染させた。感染後、動物に0.05Mクエン酸pH 2.0中の化合物6aもしくは6kまたはプラシーボを、1日に1回、14日間経口投与した。用量は、化合物6aについて400mg/kg/d、化合物6kについて300mg/kg/dであった。陽性対照ADVは10mg/kg/dで投与した。データを表6および7に要約する。プラシーボビヒクルと比較して、*P≦0.05、**P≦0.01、***P≦0.001で統計的有意さを示す。血清HBeAg、PEIの測定値は、Paul Ehrlich国際単位(PEI U)を使用して、国際免疫診断(International Immuno Diagnostics)標準化アッセイに従って報告される。この試験は、高用量で使用されても明らかな毒性はなかったということも確立した。
Claims (13)
- 式(I):
X=なし、O、NH、NR、またはS;
X1=なし、O、またはNH;
A=なし、アリール、またはアラルキル;
n=0、1、2、3、4、または5;
R=アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、置換アリール、アラルキル、複素環、O-アルキル、O-ヘテロアリール、またはステロイド;
R 1 は、H、OH、O-アルキル、アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、置換アリール、アラルキル、複素環、O-アリール、O-ヘテロアリールアリール、または複素環であり;
R 2 は、O-アルキル、アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、置換アリール、アラルキル、複素環、O-アリール、またはO-ヘテロアリールアリールであり;
R3は、水素、アルキル、置換アルキル、C(O)-アルキル、C(O)O-アルキル、C(O)-アリール、C(O)O-アリール、C(O)NH-アルキル、およびC(O)NH-アリールから選択され;
Y、Zは独立して、OまたはSであり;
B1、B2は独立して、アデニン、グアニン、チミン、シトシン、ウラシルまたは修飾核酸塩基であり;
m=1〜40)
のプロヌクレオチド、またはそのラセミ化合物、鏡像異性体、ジアステレオマー、幾何異性体、もしくは互変異性体。 - 式(II):
で表される、請求項1記載の化合物。 - 式(III)
で表される、請求項1記載の化合物。 - 式(IV)
で表される、請求項1記載の化合物。 - 表1:
を有する、請求項4記載の化合物。 - 式(V):
で表される、請求項1記載の化合物。 - 表2:
を有する、請求項6記載の化合物。 - 式(VI):
X=なし、O、NH、NR、またはS;
X 1 =なし、O、またはNH;
A=なし、アリール、またはアラルキル;
n=0、1、2、3、4、または5;
R=アルキル、置換アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、置換アリール、アラルキル、複素環、O-アルキル、O-ヘテロアリール、またはステロイド;
R 3 は、水素、アルキル、置換アルキル、C(O)-アルキル、C(O)O-アルキル、C(O)-アリール、C(O)O-アリール、C(O)NH-アルキル、およびC(O)NH-アリールから選択される)
で表されるプロヌクレオチド。 - HBV感染症を治療するための医薬の製造における請求項1〜8いずれか記載の化合物の使用。
- HBV感染症を治療するための医薬の製造における、請求項1〜8いずれか記載の化合物および他の薬剤の使用。
- HBVの耐性株に感染した被験体におけるHBV感染症を治療するための医薬の製造における、請求項1〜8いずれか記載の化合物単独または請求項1〜8いずれか記載の化合物および他の薬剤との組合せの使用。
- 請求項1〜8いずれか記載の化合物および薬学的に許容され得る担体または賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- HBV感染症を治療するための請求項12記載の医薬組成物。
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