JP4991571B2 - 水素生成装置、燃料電池システム及びそれらの運転方法 - Google Patents
水素生成装置、燃料電池システム及びそれらの運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4991571B2 JP4991571B2 JP2007553979A JP2007553979A JP4991571B2 JP 4991571 B2 JP4991571 B2 JP 4991571B2 JP 2007553979 A JP2007553979 A JP 2007553979A JP 2007553979 A JP2007553979 A JP 2007553979A JP 4991571 B2 JP4991571 B2 JP 4991571B2
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- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Description
又、かかる構成とすると、制御器が、第1ガス供給器から改質器に供給される含窒素化合物を含むガスの累積供給量が、累積アンモニア供給量の上限界に基づき定められる所定の閾値以上になると再生動作を行うよう制御するので、水素生成装置の改質器への含窒素化合物を含むガスの累積供給量に応じて酸化触媒を確実に再生させることが可能になる。
先ず、本発明の実施の形態1に係る燃料電池システム100の構成について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
反応式(1)が進行して生成されたニトロシルは、Ru上に吸着して、酸化触媒体13が被毒された状態となる。これにより、浄化器7の酸化触媒は触媒活性を失う。そして、浄化器7の酸化触媒は、酸化反応を促進することが不能となり、水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を低減することができない状態となる。
反応式(2)が進行して還元により生成されたアンモニアは、その後、酸化触媒体13を構成する触媒担体11上のRu触媒12から容易に脱離する。これにより、Ru触媒12の被毒状態が解消され、Ru触媒12はその触媒活性を取り戻す。そして、浄化器7の酸化触媒は、変成器6から供給される水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を十分に低減することができる状態にまで再生される。
本発明の実施の形態2に係る燃料電池システムのハードウェア上の構成は、実施の形態1で示した燃料電池システム100のハードウェア上の構成と同様である。従って、本実施の形態では、燃料電池システムの構成に関する詳細な説明は省略する。
本発明の実施の形態3に係る燃料電池システムのハードウェア上の構成も、実施の形態1で示した燃料電池システム100のハードウェア上の構成と同様である。従って、本実施の形態では、燃料電池システムの構成に関する詳細な説明は省略する。
実施の形態1〜3では、原料供給装置から水素生成装置の改質器に向けて、約3%の濃度で窒素を含有する天然ガスが供給される形態を例示した。
1a 流量調整弁
1b 流量検出部
2 水供給装置(水供給器)
2a 流量調整弁
2b 流量検出部
3 空気供給装置(第2ガス供給器)
3a ブロア
4 水素生成装置
5 改質器
5a 加熱器
6 変成器
7 浄化器(CO除去器)
7a 温度検出器
7b 冷却器
7c 加熱器
8 流路切替弁
9 燃料電池
10 制御装置(制御器)
10a 計時部
11 触媒担体
12 Ru触媒
13 酸化触媒体
14 閾値設定器
15 情報取得器
100,200 燃料電池システム
Claims (20)
- 原料が供給されて改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、
前記改質器に含窒素化合物を含むガスを供給する第1ガス供給器と、
アンモニア被毒する金属を含有する酸化触媒を有し該酸化触媒と酸化ガスとを用いて前記水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素を酸化反応により除去するCO除去器と、
前記CO除去器に前記酸化ガスを供給する第2ガス供給器と、
制御器と、を備え、
前記改質反応中に前記第1ガス供給器から前記改質器に前記含窒素化合物を含むガスが供給される水素生成装置であって、
前記制御器は、前記CO除去器への累積アンモニア供給量に相関するパラメータ(前記CO除去器でのCO転化率を除く)が所定の閾値以上になると、前記酸化触媒の再生動作を行うよう制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、水素生成装置。 - 前記含窒素化合物を含むガスは、該含窒素化合物を含む前記原料、及び、前記改質反応の方式がオートサーマル方式又は部分酸化方式である場合に前記改質器に供給される空気の何れかであることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記含窒素化合物は、窒素分子、アミン、及び、イソニトリルの何れかであることを特徴とする、請求項2記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記第1ガス供給器から前記改質器に供給される前記含窒素化合物を含むガスの累積供給量が、前記累積アンモニア供給量の上限界に基づき定められる所定の閾値以上になると、前記再生動作を行うよう制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記含窒素化合物を含むガス中の該含窒素化合物の濃度に関連する情報を取得する情報取得器と、
前記所定の閾値を設定する閾値設定器と、を更に備え、
前記閾値設定器は、前記情報取得器が取得する情報に基づき前記所定の閾値を設定するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記情報は、前記含窒素化合物の濃度に係る情報、前記含窒素化合物を含むガスの種類に係る情報、位置情報、及び、前記含窒素化合物を含むガスの供給主体に係る情報の何れかであることを特徴とする、請求項5記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記CO除去器の温度を検出する温度検出器と、
前記CO除去器の温度を制御する温度制御器と、を更に備え、
前記制御器は、前記再生動作として、前記温度検出器により検出される前記CO除去器の温度が該再生動作開始以前の制御温度よりも高くなるよう前記温度制御器を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記CO除去器の温度を検出する温度検出器と、
前記CO除去器の温度を制御する温度制御器と、を更に備え、
前記制御器は、前記再生動作として、前記温度検出器により検出される前記CO除去器の温度が通常の制御温度よりも高くなるよう前記温度制御器を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記水素生成装置がその内部に備えるガス流路をパージガスで置換するためのパージガス供給器を更に備え、
前記制御器は、前記再生動作として、前記水素生成装置の停止動作時、前記第2ガス供給器から前記CO除去器への前記酸化ガスの供給が停止されると共に前記パージガス供給器から前記パージガスの供給が開始される前に、前記温度検出器により検出される前記CO除去器の温度が該再生動作開始以前の制御温度よりも高くなるよう前記温度制御器を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項7記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記水素生成装置がその内部に備えるガス流路をパージガスで置換するためのパージガス供給器を更に備え、
前記制御器は、前記再生動作として、前記水素生成装置の停止動作時、前記第2ガス供給器から前記CO除去器への前記酸化ガスの供給が停止されると共に前記パージガス供給器から前記パージガスの供給が開始される前に、前記温度検出器により検出される前記CO除去器の温度が通常の制御温度よりも高くなるよう前記温度制御器を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項8記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記再生動作として、前記水素生成装置の起動動作時、前記第2ガス供給器から前記CO除去器への前記酸化ガスの供給開始時期が通常の起動動作時における該供給開始時期よりも遅くなるよう該第2ガス供給器を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記再生動作として、前記水素生成装置の起動動作時、前記第2ガス供給器から前記CO除去器への前記酸化ガスの供給量が通常運転時における該供給量よりも少なくなるよう該第2ガス供給器を制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記制御器は、前記水素生成装置の累積運転時間が、前記累積アンモニア供給量の上限界に基づき定められる所定の閾値以上になると、前記再生動作を行うよう制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記改質器に水を供給する水供給器を更に備え、
前記制御器は、前記水供給器から前記改質器に供給される前記水の累積供給量が、前記累積アンモニア供給量の上限界に基づき定められる所定の閾値以上になると、前記再生動作を行うよう制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記制御器は、前記第2ガス供給器から前記CO除去器に供給される前記酸化ガスの累積供給量が、前記累積アンモニア供給量の上限界に基づき定められる所定の閾値以上になると、前記再生動作を行うよう制御するように構成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記累積アンモニア供給量の上限界は、前記CO除去器を通過した前記水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素の濃度が、前記再生動作が必要となる所定の濃度に到達するまでに、前記CO除去器に供給されるアンモニアの累積供給量であることを特徴とする、請求項4、13乃至15の何れか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記累積アンモニア供給量の上限界は、前記CO除去器を通過した前記水素含有ガス中の酸素の濃度が、前記再生動作が必要となる所定の濃度に到達するまでに、前記CO除去器に供給されるアンモニアの累積供給量であることを特徴とする、請求項4、13乃至15の何れか1項に記載の水素生成装置。
- 請求項1乃至15の何れか1項に記載の水素生成装置と、
前記水素生成装置により生成される前記水素含有ガスと酸素含有ガスとが供給されて発電する燃料電池と、を備える、燃料電池システム。 - 原料が供給されて改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、
前記改質器に含窒素化合物を含むガスを供給するガス供給器と、
アンモニア被毒する金属を含む酸化触媒を有し該酸化触媒を用いて前記水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素を酸化反応により除去するCO除去器と、を備え、
前記改質反応中に前記ガス供給器から前記改質器に前記含窒素化合物を含むガスが供給される水素生成装置の運転方法であって、
前記CO除去器への累積アンモニア供給量に相関するパラメータ(前記CO除去器でのCO転化率を除く)が、該累積アンモニア供給量の上限界に基づき定められる所定の閾値以上になると、前記酸化触媒の再生動作を行うことを特徴とする、水素生成装置の運転方法。 - 原料が供給されて改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器、該改質器に含窒素化合物を含むガスを供給するガス供給器、並びに、アンモニア被毒する金属を含む酸化触媒を有し該酸化触媒を用いて前記水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素を酸化反応により除去するCO除去器を備える水素生成装置と、
前記水素生成装置により生成される前記水素含有ガスと酸素含有ガスとが供給されて発電する燃料電池と、を備え、
前記改質反応中に前記水素生成装置のガス供給器から改質器に前記含窒素化合物を含むガスが供給される燃料電池システムの運転方法であって、
前記CO除去器への累積アンモニア供給量に相関するパラメータ(前記CO除去器でのCO転化率を除く)が、該累積アンモニア供給量の上限界に基づき定められる所定の閾値以上になると、前記酸化触媒の再生動作を行うことを特徴とする、燃料電池システムの運転方法。
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JP7535685B2 (ja) | 2020-03-16 | 2024-08-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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Also Published As
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US20100040915A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
CN101370733A (zh) | 2009-02-18 |
WO2007081016A1 (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
CN101370733B (zh) | 2012-09-26 |
JPWO2007081016A1 (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
US8652224B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 |
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