JP4907163B2 - 燃料電池用電極、これを備えた燃料電池、及び燃料電池用電極の製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用電極、これを備えた燃料電池、及び燃料電池用電極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMGNVALALWCTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-(2-fluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC=COC=CF JMGNVALALWCTLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DPZVOQSREQBFML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2CN=CC2=C1 DPZVOQSREQBFML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABDBNWQRPYOPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonofluoridic acid Chemical compound OC(F)=O ABDBNWQRPYOPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
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Description
[実施例1]
カーボンブラック3gとポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)0.2gを溶媒の水20gに添加して製造された組成物をPTFEで撥水処理された200μm厚さの炭素布の表面に塗布して微細気孔層が形成された炭素布を製造した。前記微細気孔層に第1触媒としてFeをスパッタリング法で0.02mg/cm2の量で分散させた。Feが分散された炭素布をマイクロウエーブ発生器が装着された反応器の石英ボートに搭載して常温大気圧下で炭素ソースガスとしてアセチレンガスとアルゴンガスを常温の反応器に20分間導入して、10nmの直径を有するカーボンナノチューブを2000nm成長させた。この時マイクロウエーブがFeにだけ選択的に照射されるようにして局部的に加熱されるようにした。
第1触媒としてNiを使用したことを除いて前記の実施例1と同様な方法で燃料電池を製造した。
ナノカーボンとしてカーボンナノファイバーを成長させたことを除いて前記実施例と同様な方法で燃料電池を製造した。
ナノカーボンとしてカーボンナノワイヤーを成長させたことを除いて前記実施例と同様な方法で燃料電池を製造した。
カーボンブラック0.5gとポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)0.5gを溶媒の水49gに添加して製造された組成物をPTFEで撥水処理された200μm厚さの炭素布(carbon cloth)の表面に塗布してカーボンブラックが内部に分散された炭素布を製造した。前記炭素布に第1触媒としてFeをスパッタリング法で0.02mg/cm2の量で分散させた。Feが分散された炭素布をマイクロウエーブ発生器が装着された反応器の石英ボートに搭載して常温大気圧下で炭素ソースガスとしてアセチレンガスとアルゴンガスを常温の反応器に20分間導入して10nmの直径を有するカーボンナノチューブを2000nm成長させた。この時マイクロウエーブがFeにだけ選択的に照射されるようにして局部的に加熱されるようにした。
厚さ200μmである炭素布の表面にPtをスパッタリング蒸着して燃料電池用電極を製造したことを除いては実施例1と同様な方法で燃料電池を製造した。
厚さ200μmである炭素布の表面に実施例1と同様な方法でカーボンナノチューブを成長させた後、Ptをスパッタリング蒸着して燃料電池用電極を製造したことを除いては実施例1と同様な方法で燃料電池を製造した。
101、201 電極基材
102 微細気孔層
103、203 ナノカーボン
105、205 被覆された触媒
107、207 触媒層
110高分子電解質膜
10 膜-電極接合体
20 セパレータ
Claims (19)
- 電極基材の表面に微細気孔層を形成し、
前記微細気孔層の表面にナノカーボンを合成するための第1触媒を導入し、
前記第1触媒上に炭素ソースガスを含む反応ガスを供給しながら前記第1触媒を局部的に加熱して微細気孔層の表面にナノカーボンを成長させ、
前記ナノカーボンに第2触媒を被覆して触媒層を形成する
工程を含む燃料電池用電極の製造方法。 - 前記電極基材は炭素紙、炭素布及び炭素フェルトからなる群より選択されるものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記電極基材は10乃至1000μmの厚さを有するものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記微細気孔層は1乃至100μmの厚さを有するものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記微細気孔層は炭素粉末、黒鉛、フラーレン(C60)、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、活性炭素、ナノカーボン、カーボンナノホーン及びカーボンナノリングからなる群から選択される1種以上を含むものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記第1触媒はFe、Ni、Co、Y、Pd、Pt、Au、これらの合金及びこれら金属を含む炭化物、酸化物、硼化物、窒化物、硫化物、硫酸塩、及び硝酸塩からなる群から選択されるものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記第1触媒は電気泳動法、溶射、及びスパッタリングからなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの方法で導入されるものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記炭素ソースガスは炭化水素ガス、一酸化炭素及び二酸化炭素からなる群より選択されるものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記局部的加熱はマイクロウエーブ放射、電磁気誘導加熱、レーザー加熱、高周波(RF)加熱及びこれらの組み合わせから選択される方法で実施されるものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記触媒層は0.05乃至10μmの厚さで形成された、請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記ナノカーボンはカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノワイヤー、カーボンナノホーン、及びカーボンナノリングからなる群から選択される1種以上のナノカーボンを含むものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記ナノカーボンは微細気孔層の表面に対して垂直方向に成長したものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記ナノカーボンは1乃至500nmの直径を有するものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記触媒層に含まれる触媒の単位面積当り含有量は0.001乃至0.5mg/cm2である請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記触媒層に含まれる触媒の単位重量当りの比表面積は10乃至500m2/gである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記触媒層はナノカーボンに触媒を蒸着して形成されたものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記触媒はスパッタリング、物理的気相蒸着(PVD)法、プラズマ強化化学蒸着法(PECVD)、熱化学蒸着法、イオンビーム蒸発法、真空熱蒸発法、レーザーアブレーション、熱蒸発法、及び電子線蒸発法からなる群より選択される1種以上の蒸着法で蒸着されるものである請求項16に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記方法は前記触媒層で第1触媒を除去する段階をさらに含むものである請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記第1触媒は酸処理によって除去されるものである請求項18に記載の燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
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JP4337406B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-03 | 2009-09-30 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電極およびこれを用いた固体高分子型燃料電池 |
US8211593B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2012-07-03 | Intematix Corporation | Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same |
US7351444B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2008-04-01 | Intematix Corporation | Low platinum fuel cell catalysts and method for preparing the same |
KR100578977B1 (ko) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-05-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 전극, 이를 포함하는 연료전지 및 연료전지용전극의 제조방법 |
KR100658675B1 (ko) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-12-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 전극, 이를 포함하는 연료전지 및 연료전지용전극의 제조방법 |
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2004
- 2004-11-26 KR KR1020040097952A patent/KR100669456B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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2005
- 2005-11-25 EP EP05111288A patent/EP1667271B1/en active Active
- 2005-11-25 DE DE602005020238T patent/DE602005020238D1/de active Active
- 2005-11-25 JP JP2005340578A patent/JP4907163B2/ja active Active
- 2005-11-28 US US11/288,887 patent/US20060115711A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-28 CN CNB2005101373170A patent/CN100399610C/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100669456B1 (ko) | 2007-01-15 |
EP1667271A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
CN100399610C (zh) | 2008-07-02 |
JP2006156387A (ja) | 2006-06-15 |
DE602005020238D1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
EP1667271B1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
CN1790783A (zh) | 2006-06-21 |
US20060115711A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
KR20060058919A (ko) | 2006-06-01 |
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