JP4696296B2 - トリアジニルアミノスチルベンジスルホン酸混合物 - Google Patents
トリアジニルアミノスチルベンジスルホン酸混合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4696296B2 JP4696296B2 JP2004518592A JP2004518592A JP4696296B2 JP 4696296 B2 JP4696296 B2 JP 4696296B2 JP 2004518592 A JP2004518592 A JP 2004518592A JP 2004518592 A JP2004518592 A JP 2004518592A JP 4696296 B2 JP4696296 B2 JP 4696296B2
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- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/32—Bleaching agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/35—Heterocyclic compounds
- D06M13/355—Heterocyclic compounds having six-membered heterocyclic rings
- D06M13/358—Triazines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D3/42—Brightening agents ; Blueing agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/60—Optical bleaching or brightening
- D06L4/614—Optical bleaching or brightening in aqueous solvents
- D06L4/621—Optical bleaching or brightening in aqueous solvents with anionic brighteners
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/60—Optical bleaching or brightening
- D06L4/65—Optical bleaching or brightening with mixtures of optical brighteners
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
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Description
R1およびR2は、異なっており、それぞれは、−NH2、−NHC1〜C4アルキル、−N(C1〜C4アルキル)2、−NHC2〜C4ヒドロキシアルキル、−N(C2〜C4ヒドロキシアルキル)2、−N(C1〜C4アルキル)(C2〜C4ヒドロキシアルキル)、モルホリノ、ピペリジノもしくはピロリジノ残基、アミノ酸、または水素がアミノ基から除去されたアミノ酸アミド残基を表し、
R3は、それぞれ独立して、水素、C1〜C4アルキルまたはC1〜C4アルコキシを表し、 Mは、水素、アルカリ金属原子、アンモニウムまたはアミンから形成されたカチオンを表し、
この場合R3は、好ましくは水素を表す)で示される化合物の混合物を含む蛍光増白剤に関する。
−NR4'−CH(CO2H)−R4(2)または−NR4−CH2CH2CONH2(3)
〔式中、
R4およびR4'は、それぞれ独立して、水素、または式:
−CHR5R6
(式中、
R5およびR6は、それぞれ独立して、水素、または場合によりヒドロキシ、チオ、メチルチオ、アミノ、カルボキシ、スルホ、フェニル、4−ヒドロキシフェニル、3,5−ジヨード−4−ヒドロキシフェニル、β−インドリル、β−イミダゾリルおよびNH=C(NH2)NH−からなる群から選択される1または2個の置換基によって置換されたC1〜C4アルキルである)を有する基を表す〕で示されるものである。
i)塩化シアヌルと、4−アミノ−4'−ニトロスチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸との反応(塩化シアヌルとの反応);
ii)ジクロロ中間体と、アニリンまたはアニリン誘導体との反応;
iii)モノクロロ中間体と、アミンR1HまたはR2Hとの反応;
iv)ニトロスチルベンを、アミノスチルベンへの還元;
v)塩化シアヌルとの反応;
vi)ジクロロ中間体と、アニリンまたはアニリン誘導体との反応;および
vii)モノクロロ中間体と、アミン:R2HまたはR1Hとの反応、
のどちらか一方によって得られてもよい。もちろんこの反応順序列は、いずれかの所望で実際的な順序で実施されてもよい。
−アルキレンオキシド付加生成物の酸エステルまたはそれらの塩、例えばエチレンオキシド4〜40モルと、フェノール1モルとのポリ付加生成物の酸エステルもしくはそれらの塩、またはエチレンオキシド6〜30モルと、4−ノニルフェノール1モル、ジノニルフェノール1モルもしくは特にフェノール1モルにスチレン1〜3モルを付加することによって生成された化合物1モルとの付加物のリン酸エステル;
−ポリスチレンスルホナート;
−脂肪酸タウリド(fatty acid taurides);
−アルキル化ジフェニルオキシド−モノ−またはジ−スルホナート;
−ポリカルボン酸エステルのスルホナート;
−それぞれ8〜22個の炭素原子を有する、脂肪アミン、脂肪アミド、脂肪酸もしくは脂肪アルコールに、または3〜6価C3〜C6アルカノールに、エチレンオキシドおよび/またはプロピレンオキシド1〜60モル、好ましくは2〜30モルを付加した生成物であって、有機ジカルボン酸または無機多塩基酸によって酸エステルに変換された付加生成物;
−リグニンスルホン酸塩、および特に
−ホルムアルデヒド縮合生成物、例えばリグニンスルホン酸塩および/もしくはフェノールとホルムアルデヒドの縮合生成物;ホルムアルデヒドと、芳香族スルホン酸との縮合生成物、例えばジトリルエーテルスルホンナートとホルムアルデヒドの縮合生成物;ナルタレンスルホン酸および/もしくはナフチルアミンスルホン酸とホルムアルデヒドの縮合生成物;フェノールスルホン酸および/またはスルホン化ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホンおよびフェノールおよびクレゾールと、ホルムアルデヒドおよび/または尿素との縮合生成物;またはジフェニルオキシド−ジスルホン酸誘導体とホルムアルデヒドとの縮合生成物、
が挙げられる。
実施例1
4,4'−ビス〔(4−アニリノ−6−クロロ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕スチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸二ナトリウム塩11.0gを、水120ml中で撹拌する。得られた懸濁液に、ジエタノールアミン1.64gおよびジイイソプロパノールアミン2.07gを添加する。その後、混合物を95℃まで加熱し、この温度で3時間撹拌し、32%水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液を総量で3.0g添加することによって、pHを8.0〜8.5に保持する。その後、混合物を冷却し、その間に2相に分離する。下相を分離除去して、アセトン50mlで希釈し、4N水性塩酸を添加することによって、pH4〜5に酸性化する。沈殿した固体を濾過して、水で洗浄する。フィルターケーキを水中で撹拌して、透明な溶液が得られた後、2N水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液を添加することによって、pHを10に調整する。水を蒸発させ、残渣を80℃で真空乾燥させて、水4.5%および塩化ナトリウム0.5%に加えて、化合物(101a) 41%、化合物(101b) 26%および化合物(101c) 24%を含有する混合物を含む蛍光増白剤(101)を得る。
ジエタノールアミン1.76gおよびジイソプロパノールアミン1.60gを使用したこと以外は実施例1に記載したとおり進行させることによって、水2%および塩化ナトリウム0.07%と共に、化合物(101a) 42%、化合物(101b) 44.5%および化合物(101c) 6.5%を含有する混合物を含む蛍光増白剤(102)を得る。
相分離の代わりに、反応物全体を利用し(working up)、4N塩酸でpH4に酸性化させ、アセトン50mlを添加し、固体を濾過して水および32%水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液に溶解し、水を蒸発させて生成物を80℃で真空乾燥させること以外は実施例2に記載したとおり進行させることによって、水3.5%および塩化ナトリウム0.03%と共に、化合物(101a) 32.5%、化合物(101b) 44.5%および化合物(101c) 14.5%を含有する混合物を含む蛍光増白剤(103)を得る。
4,4'−ビス〔(4−アニリノ−6−クロロ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕スチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸二ナトリウム塩15.0gを、ポリエチレングリコール300 14.0gおよび水29.6gに懸濁させる。その後、撹拌した懸濁液に、アスパラギン酸2.15g、ジエタノールアミン1.7gおよび50%水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液1.2gを添加する。反応混合物を90℃に加熱し、この温度で7時間撹拌し続けながら、32%水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液を添加することによって、pHを8.5〜9.3に保持する。反応混合物を冷却し、濾過して、化合物(101a) 39%、化合物(104b) 22%および化合物(104c) 33%を含有する混合物を含む蛍光増白剤(104) 24.6%を含有する液体製剤を得る。
4,4'−ビス〔(4−アニリノ−6−クロロ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕スチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸二ナトリウム塩30.0gを、ポリエチレングリコール300 28.0gおよび水58.0gに懸濁させる。その後、撹拌した懸濁液に、イミノ二酢酸4.26gおよびジエタノールアミン3.37gを添加する。反応混合物を95℃に加熱し、この温度で7時間撹拌し続けながら、50%水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液5.07gを添加することによって、pHを最初8.5〜9.0に調整し、32%水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液7.8gを添加することによって、この値を保持する。反応混合物を冷却し、濾過して、化合物(101a) 28%、化合物(105b) 44%および化合物(105c) 26%の混合物を含む蛍光増白剤(105) 25%を含有する液体製剤を得る。
4,4'−ビス〔(4−アニリノ−6−クロロ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕スチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸二ナトリウム塩(91.7%)16.3g、モノエタノールアミン1.15gおよびジエタノールアミン1.96gを、水50mlに懸濁させる。混合物を95〜100℃に加熱し、この温度で5時間撹拌し続けながら、32%水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液を添加することによって、pHを8.6〜8.9に保持する。室温に冷却した後、反応混合物をアセトン500mlに注ぎ入れ、6N塩酸を添加することによって、pHを2〜3に調整する。黄色の懸濁液を濾過し、水で洗浄して塩を除去し、得られた固体を80℃で真空乾燥させる。化合物(101a) 20%、化合物(106b) 45%および化合物(106c) 35%を含有する混合物を含む蛍光増白剤(106) 14.7gを得る。
ジエタノールアミン1.96gをジイソプロパノールアミン2.51gに置き換えること以外は実施例6に記載したとおり進行させることによって、化合物(101c) 22%、化合物(107b) 44%および化合物(106c) 34%を含有する混合物を含む蛍光増白剤(107) 17.3gを得る。
ステップ1
氷水100gおよびアセトン50ml中での塩化シアヌル9.8gの撹拌した懸濁液に、84.9% 4−アミノ−4'−ニトロスチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸25gの混合物を添加する。添加の後、5℃で40分間撹拌し続けながら、1M水性炭酸ナトリウム溶液を総量で約60ml添加することによって、pHを4.0〜4.5に保持する。この後、アニリン4.93gを添加し、混合物を50℃に加熱して、1M水性炭酸ナトリウム溶液を総量で28ml添加することによって、pHを6.5〜7.0に保持する。得られた懸濁液に、水30ml中のジエタノールアミン7.25gを添加して温度を95℃に上昇させ、アセトンを留去しながら、1M水性炭酸ナトリウム溶液を総量で約20ml添加することによって、pHを7.5〜8.0に保持する。冷却後、6N水性塩酸溶液を添加することによって、pHを3.0に調整し、沈殿した固体を濾過し、80℃で真空乾燥させ、4−〔(4−アニリノ−6−ジエタノールアミノ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕−4'−ニトロスチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸を得る。
4−〔(4−アニリノ−6−ジエタノールアミノ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕−4'−ニトロスチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸0.02モルを、Bechamp法によって水400ml中の鉄填材(iron filings)0.3モルおよび氷酢酸11gで還元して、4−〔(4−アニリノ−6−ジエタノールアミノ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕−4'−アミノスチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸を得る。
メチルエチルケトン50mlおよび氷50g中の塩化シアヌル3.6gの撹拌した懸濁液に、氷水160g中の86% 4−〔(4−アニリノ−6−ジエタノールアミノ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕−4'−アミノスチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸13.3gの溶液を30分間かけて添加する。1時間かけて温度を10℃に上昇させながら、1M水性炭酸ナトリウム溶液を総量で約4ml添加することによって、pHを6.0〜6.5に保持する。得られる懸濁液に、アニリン1.7gを添加して、温度を30℃に上昇させる。1時間撹拌し、その間、1M水性炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加することによって、pHを6.5〜7.0に保持し、アニリンを更に0.33g添加して、30℃で更に1時間撹拌し続ける。その後、混合物を冷却し、酸性化し、生成物を濾過して、4−〔(4−アニリノ−6−ジエタノールアミノ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕−4'−〔(4−アニリノ−6−クロロ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕スチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸を得る。
4−〔(4−アニリノ−6−ジエタノールアミノ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕−4'−〔(4−アニリノ−6−クロロ−1,3,5−トリアジン−2−イル)アミノ〕スチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸 2gを、水25ml中のアスパラギン酸0.6gと95℃で4時間反応させ、その間、32%水性水酸化ナトリウム溶液を総量で1.1g添加することによって、pHを8.0〜8.5に保持する。エタノールとイソプロパノールとの混合物を反応溶液に添加することによって、生成物を沈殿させ、濾過し、乾燥させ、化合物(104b)を得る。
パルプ素材適用−実施例9〜11
ドイツ式硬度10°の水の中に35°SR(Schopper-Riegler)の漂白ビーチ繊維50%と漂白マツ繊維50%との混合物2gを含有する繊維分散液に、炭酸カルシウム充填剤10%を添加する。その後、100%活性物質として計算した、適切な蛍光増白剤0.2%を、水性溶液として添加する。15分間撹拌した後、カチオン系ポリアクリルアミド定着剤0.03%を添加して、Rapid-Koethenシステムを用いてハードシートを形成させる。乾燥させた後、シートのCIE白色度およびISO蛍光度を記録する。結果を以下の表1に要約する。
固形分62%を有し、炭酸カルシウム60%およびクレー40%からなるコーティングカラーに、顔料に基づいて、ポリビニルアルコール0.2部およびSBRバインダ9部を添加し、その後、実施例3の蛍光増白剤(103) 0.2部を添加する。15分間撹拌して、コーティングカラーを均質化した後、コーティング重量12g/m2が得られるように、コーティング速度50m/分の実験室用ブレードコーターを用いて、蛍光増白剤を含まないベースペーパーにコーティングする。乾燥後、CIE白色度およびISO蛍光度の値を測定する。
CIE白色度 95.4
ISO蛍光度 7
適切な蛍光増白剤の飽和溶液を生成することによって、水溶性を測定し、その値を以下の表2に要約する。
Claims (15)
- R3が、水素を表す、請求項1記載の組成物。
- アミノ酸残基が、式:
−NR4'−CH(CO2H)−R4(2)
〔式中、
R4およびR4'は、それぞれ独立して、水素または式:
−CHR5R6
(式中、
R5およびR6は、独立して、水素または場合により、ヒドロキシ、チオール、メチルチオ、アミノ、カルボキシ、スルホ、フェニル、4−ヒドロキシフェニル、3,5−ジヨード−4−ヒドロキシフェニル、β−インドリル、β−イミダゾリルおよびNH=C(NH2)NH−からなる群から選択される1または2個の置換基によって置換されたC1〜C4アルキルである)を有する基を表す〕で示されるものである、請求項1または2記載の組成物。 - R1および/またはR2が、グリシン、アラニン、サルコシン、セリン、システイン、フェニルアラニン、チロシン(4−ヒドロキシフェニルアラニン)、ジヨードチロシン、トリプトファン(β−インドリルアラニン)、ヒスチジン(β−イミダゾリルアラニン)、α−アミノ酪酸、メチオニン、バリン(α−アミノイソ吉草酸)、ノルバリン、ロイシン(α−アミノイソカプロン酸)、イソロイシン(α−アミノ−β−メチル吉草酸)、ノルロイシン(α−アミノ−n−カプロン酸)、アルギニン、オルニチン(α,δ−ジアミノ吉草酸)、リシン(α,ε−ジアミノカプロン酸)、アスパラギン酸(アミノコハク酸)、グルタミン酸(α−アミノグルタル酸)、トレオニン、ヒドロキシグルタミン酸およびタウリンから、その外にそれらの混合物および光学異性体から、またはイミノ二酢酸から誘導されるアミノ酸残基である、請求項1または2記載の組成物。
- R1およびR2が、−NHC2〜C4ヒドロキシアルキル、−N(C2〜C4ヒドロキシアルキル)2、−N(C1〜C4アルキル)(C2〜C4ヒドロキシアルキル)、モルホリノ基またはグリシン、サルコシン、タウリン、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸もしくはイミノ二酢酸から誘導されるアミノ酸残基を表す、請求項1または2記載の組成物。
- R1およびR2が、アスパラギン酸もしくはイミノ二酢酸から誘導されるアミノ酸残基、モノ−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)アミノ、ジ−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)アミノ、ジ−(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)アミノ、N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−N−メチルアミノ、またはモルホリノ基を表す、請求項5記載の組成物。
- Mが、水素、リチウム、カリウム、ナトリウム、アンモニウム、モノ−、ジ−、トリ−もしくはテトラ−C1〜C4アルキルアンモニウム、モノ−、ジ−もしくはトリ−C1〜C4ヒドロキシアルキルアンモニウムまたはC1〜C4アルキル基とC1〜C4ヒドロキシアルキル基との混合物で二置換もしくは三置換されたアンモニウムを表す、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の組成物。
- Mが、水素、カリウムまたはナトリウムを表す、請求項7記載の組成物。
- 塩化シアヌルを、4,4'−ジアミノスチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸、アニリンもしくはアニリン誘導体、アミノ化合物:R1Hおよびアミノ化合物:R2Hのそれぞれと、または別法としてアミノ化合物:R1HとR2H(R1およびR2は、請求項1に定義したとおりである)との混合物と、いずれかの所望の順序で連続して反応させることによって、請求項1記載の式(1a)で示される化合物、式(1b)で示される化合物および式(1c)で示される化合物の混合物を製造する方法。
- 合成または天然有機材料を増白するために、水、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の化合物(1a)、化合物(1b)および化合物(1c)の混合物を含む蛍光増白剤、および場合により助剤を含有する組成物の使用。
- パルプ、サイズプレス、計測プレスまたはコーティング用途における紙の光輝剤としての、請求項11記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の式(1a)で示される化合物、式(1b)で示される化合物および式(1c)で示される化合物の混合物によって光輝された紙。
- 紡織繊維材料のサンプロテクションファクター(SPF)評点を増加させるため、または紡織繊維材料の蛍光増白のための、請求項11記載の使用。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の、式(1a)で示される化合物、式(1b)で示される化合物および式(1c)で示される化合物の混合物で処理された繊維から製造された紡織繊維。
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CA2709223C (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2016-02-23 | John Martin Farrar | Storage stable solutions of optical brighteners |
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BRPI0921993A2 (pt) * | 2008-11-27 | 2016-01-05 | Clariant Finance Bvi Ltd | composições de branqueador óptico melhorado para impressão a jato de tinta de alta qualidade |
IT1395341B1 (it) * | 2009-04-10 | 2012-09-14 | 3V Sigma Spa | Composizioni per la patinatura della carta |
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EP2535455A1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-19 | Blankophor GmbH & Co. KG | Use of fluorescent whitening agent compositions for whitening paper |
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CN104312195A (zh) * | 2014-09-05 | 2015-01-28 | 旭泰(太仓)精细化工有限公司 | 一种二磺酸类液体荧光增白剂组合物及其合成方法与应用 |
CN104263011B (zh) * | 2014-09-15 | 2016-01-20 | 山西青山化工有限公司 | 一种二苯乙烯三嗪类荧光增白剂及其制备方法 |
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IL165368A0 (en) | 2006-01-15 |
EP1520073A1 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
EP2292837B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
WO2004005617A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
BR0312476A (pt) | 2005-04-26 |
CA2488543C (en) | 2012-10-16 |
CN1665985A (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
CN100564670C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
EP1520073B1 (en) | 2012-01-18 |
ATE541988T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
AU2003246605A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
KR101016563B1 (ko) | 2011-02-22 |
PT2292837E (pt) | 2014-08-22 |
AU2003246605B8 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
RU2005102918A (ru) | 2005-10-27 |
RU2330870C2 (ru) | 2008-08-10 |
WO2004005617A8 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
AU2003246605B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
US20060030707A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
EP2292837A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
ZA200409482B (en) | 2006-06-28 |
BRPI0312476B1 (pt) | 2017-03-28 |
US7270771B2 (en) | 2007-09-18 |
MXPA04012578A (es) | 2005-03-23 |
CA2488543A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
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