JP4603547B2 - 検体の監視および薬物送達のための医療デバイス - Google Patents
検体の監視および薬物送達のための医療デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP4603547B2 JP4603547B2 JP2006526288A JP2006526288A JP4603547B2 JP 4603547 B2 JP4603547 B2 JP 4603547B2 JP 2006526288 A JP2006526288 A JP 2006526288A JP 2006526288 A JP2006526288 A JP 2006526288A JP 4603547 B2 JP4603547 B2 JP 4603547B2
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Description
(1.発明の分野)
本発明は、診断および薬物送達の分野に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、体液検体のレベルを監視し、状況に応じて適切な治療薬を放出することのできる医療デバイスおよび方法に関する。
生体高分子の活性または薬物の濃度レベルを検出することのできる「ポイントオブケア」デバイスは、それらが患者の検査室訪問の必要性を排除し、従って時間と費用の両方を節約することができるため、需要が高い。現代のマイクロアレイ技術の最も価値ある側面の1つは、疾患を招く生体高分子の機能不全、奇形または突然変異を検出する能力である。しかしながら、そのようなアレイが摂取可能、埋め込み可能または装着可能なポイントオブケアデバイス内に組み込まれていないために、この能力は、十分に生かされていない。現代のマイクロアレイ技術は、機械の内部に挿入されることになるスライド上に安定化された固定化検体の分析によるか、または生体の外部で手作業で分析した生体高分子およびそれらの代謝産物の特性付けに限定されている。
全血は細胞、血小板、無数の蛋白質および他の高分子を含んでいるため、血液を含むアッセイは一般に、これらの成分を除去するための試料の前処理を必要とする。前処理ステップをポイントオブケアデバイス内に統合することは、デバイス自体にかかるコストを押し上げ、従って、デバイスの使用を財政的に実行不可能とする。例えば、現在市販されている一部のデバイスは、それらのアッセイに全血を使用しており、それらの中には、血液によって運ばれる検体(コレステロールがその代表である)を測定するためのBoehringer MannheimのReflotron(商標)システム、および電解質、一般的化学反応、血液ガスおよび血液学を含むいくつかの集中治療用アッセイを行うiStat(商標)(iStat Inc.)がある。Reflotron(商標)は、酵素または他の反応性要素がテストストリップの表面上に固定化されるドライケミストリー技術に依存している。そのアッセイは、反応が変色を引き起こし、従って存在する検体の量を示す、熱量計による活性度アッセイである。iStat(商標)は、電気化学検出に依存して、信号を生成する。どちらの場合にも、血液試料が別個に取られ(一般に指を刺すことによって)、ついでチップ(またはiStatの場合はカートリッジ)上に配置され、そこで反応が生じ、外部の検出装置で分析される。これらの既存の監視システムは、それらが通常、使用者が自身に針を刺し、かつ1つの結果を得るのに多くのステップを必要とするので、不十分かつ不都合である。従って、血液などの体液を、繰り返し、自動的かつ正確に監視することのできる装着可能なデバイスに対する必要性が存在する。
本発明の一態様は、疾患マーカである生物学的検体と相互に作用することのできる生物活性因子を含むマイクロアレイと、少なくとも1つの治療薬を含み、かつ該治療薬を医療デバイスから放出することのできるリザーバと、疾患マーカである生物学的検体と生物活性因子との間の相互作用の物理的パラメータデータを取得することのできるマイクロアレイ走査デバイスを含む複数のマイクロチップと、物理的パラメータデータを検体の相互作用プロファイルと比較することのできる生体測定認識デバイスと、リザーバからの治療薬の放出を制御することのできる治療薬放出デバイスと、マイクロアレイ走査デバイス、生体測定認識デバイスおよび治療薬放出デバイス間の連絡を促進することのできるインターフェースデバイスと、医療デバイスに動力を供給するためのエネルギー源とを備える医療デバイスに関する。
本方法の追加の実施形態では、インターフェースデバイスは、パーソナルエリアネットワークを備える。
その最も基本的な形態において、本発明は、体液中の検体を定性的かつ/または定量的に検出するためのセンサとして機能する医療デバイスに関する。そのような検体は、疾患を示す可能性を秘めているものであっても、薬物または薬物代謝産物であってもよい。さらに、本デバイスは、感覚の入力に応答して治療薬を放出することを可能とすることができる。従って、これはさらに、持続的な診断および投薬を提供することができる。本発明の装置は、埋め込み可能としても、摂取可能としても、パッチとして皮膚上に装着してもよい。
マイクロチャネルシステムは、拡散制御結合事象が、機能化されたチャネルの表面上または光学的表面積の最適化のためにチャネルの中央に通された機能化されたファイバ上で発生することを可能にする。これにより、表面内にわずか約1000オングストローム貫入することによって、エバネッセント波に基づくセンサが全血などの流体から検体を検出することが可能となる。代替的に、流れの中央に埋め込まれたファイバの場合、拡散および分離は、ファイバの両側で測定を行うことができるさらにより簡素なシステムによって可能となる。
光ファイバ全内部反射蛍光(TIRF)バイオセンサが構築され、本明細書に定義するマイクロアレイおよびマイクロアレイ走査デバイスを構成する。Preininger他(Analytica Chimica Acta、2000年、403、67−76)を参照されたい。レーザ光は、レーザ光源から、すべてが一連の光ファイバを経由して、フローセル型検出器へ誘導される。この光ファイバをベースとする装置の概略図を、図12に示す。本センサでは、入射レーザ光は、50:50の光ファイバスプリッタの出力区間を経由して、機能化されたファイバへ誘導される。放射蛍光は、ファイバ内に再帰結合し、レーザ光からの干渉をほとんど受けることなく、検出器に向かって伝播する。この設計は、いくつかの利点を有する。開始から終了までのファイバ使用により、自由空間結合による損失が排除される。ファイバが堅牢な光の輸送手段となり、従って、振動に敏感でなく、かつ市販の光ファイバコネクタで複数本のファイバを容易に結合することができる。従って、マイクロアレイは、1本のファイバの機能化された表面であっても、複数本のファイバの機能化された表面であってもよい。
・ スペクトル特性QY=0.3ε=110、000を有するフルオロフォア Atto 655(Sigma Aldrich)
(表1:レーザパワーとファイバ特性の関数としての蛍光出力)
例示的なパッチデバイスは、バンコマイシンに対して0.1mlの血液を自動的に採取およびサンプリングする無痛の方法を代表している。各パッチは、2つの部分、すなわち、単回使用マイクロニードルおよびマイクロチャネルを含む使い捨て部分(アッセイデバイス)と、残りの光学部品、電子機器ならびに機構(アッセイ読み取りデバイス)を含む再使用可能部分とからなる。図5、図7。
Claims (24)
- 体液中の検体を検出することができる医療デバイスであって、
A) 体液の試料を採取することができる少なくとも1本のマイクロニードルと、
B) 緩衝剤リザーバと、
C) 少なくとも第1の注入口、第2の注入口、およびマイクロチャネル上に取り付けられたマイクロアレイを有するマイクロチャネルであって、該マイクロアレイは少なくとも1つの生物活性因子を有し、該第1の注入口は、マイクロニードルの少なくとも1つと流体連通し、体液の流れを該マイクロチャネルの中へ導き、該第2の注入口は、該緩衝剤リザーバから緩衝剤の流れをマイクロチャネルの中へ導き、体液内の検体が緩衝剤の流れの中へ拡散して、生物活性因子と該検体との間の相互作用に影響を及ぼす、マイクロチャネルと、
D) 該生物活性因子と該体液中の検体との間の相互作用を検出するためのマイクロアレイ走査デバイスと、
E) 該マイクロアレイ走査デバイスと生体測定認識デバイスとの間の連絡を促進することができるインターフェースデバイスと、
を備える医療デバイス。 - 前記体液は、血液である、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記少なくとも1本のマイクロニードルは、複数のマイクロニードルである、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記マイクロニードルは、直径が約10ミクロンと約200ミクロンとの間である、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記マイクロニードルは、約100マイクロリットルの血液を引くことができる、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記体液中の前記検体は、標識検体を前記生物活性因子に結合している状態から競合的に置き換える、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記標識検体は、所定量で提供される、請求項6に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記標識検体は、蛍光部分で標識されている、請求項6に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記マイクロアレイは、前記体液中の前記検体を特異的に結合する抗体を有する、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記マイクロアレイ走査デバイスは、全内部反射蛍光(TIRF)分光計を備える、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記生体測定認識デバイスは、前記デバイスの外部に配置され、かつ前記連絡は、無線伝送による、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記検体は、インスリンであり、かつ前記生物活性因子は、インスリンに対して特異的な抗体である、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記検体は、グルコースであり、かつ前記生物活性因子は、グルコースに対して特異的な抗体である、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記検体は、疾患を示す、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載の医療デバイスであって、さらに、
F) 中に治療薬を有するリザーバと、
G) 前記生体測定認識デバイスからの指示に応答して、リザーバからの治療薬の放出を制御することができる治療薬放出デバイスと、
を備える、医療デバイス。 - 前記検体はグルコースであり、かつ前記治療薬はインスリンである、請求項15に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記検体は前記治療薬と同一である、請求項15に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記検体は、前記治療薬の代謝産物である、請求項15に記載の医療デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載の医療デバイスであって、少なくとも1つの使い捨てアッセイデバイスは、前記少なくとも1本のマイクロニードルと、前記マイクロチャネルとを備え、かつ非使い捨てアッセイ読み取りデバイスは、前記マイクロアレイ走査デバイス、前記インターフェースデバイスを備える、医療デバイス。
- 前記アッセイデバイスとアッセイ読み取りデバイスとは、互いに光連絡している、請求項19に記載の医療デバイス。
- 単一のアッセイ読み取りデバイス内にはめ込まれた複数の使い捨てアッセイデバイスが存在する、請求項19に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記医療デバイスは、摂取可能である、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記医療デバイスは、パッチとして皮膚上に装着される、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
- 前記マイクロアレイ走査デバイスは、エバネットセント波を検出する、請求項1に記載の医療デバイス。
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