JP4588458B2 - 酢酸を効率良く製造するための及び水バランスを制御するための低含水メタノールカルボニル化法 - Google Patents
酢酸を効率良く製造するための及び水バランスを制御するための低含水メタノールカルボニル化法 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 iodide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 116
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 150000001351 alkyl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical group [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IQGZCSXWIRBTRW-ZZXKWVIFSA-N (2E)-2-ethyl-2-butenal Chemical compound CC\C(=C/C)C=O IQGZCSXWIRBTRW-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANOOTOPTCJRUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCI ANOOTOPTCJRUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLXSFCHWMBESKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodopentane Chemical compound CCCCCI BLXSFCHWMBESKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNNGUFMVYQJGTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylbutanal Chemical compound CCC(CC)C=O UNNGUFMVYQJGTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196171 Hydrodictyon reticulatum Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001516 alkali metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KMGBZBJJOKUPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl iodide Chemical compound CCCCI KMGBZBJJOKUPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 208000003481 exhibitionism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethane Chemical compound CCI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl iodide Chemical compound CCCI PVWOIHVRPOBWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/12—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/50—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C53/00—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or hydrogen
- C07C53/08—Acetic acid
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
発明の分野
本発明は、酢酸を製造するための改良方法に関する。
関連技術
酢酸を製造するための重要な方法は、液体反応媒体中において、アルキルアルコール、特にメタノール、及びその反応性誘導体を、一酸化炭素でカルボニル化する方法である。
前記カルボニル化反応は、通常は、触媒、例えばロジウム及びイリジウムのようなVIII族金属触媒と、ハロゲン含有触媒促進剤、例えばヨウ化メチルと、そして水の存在下で行われる。米国特許第3,769,329号は、ヨウ化メチルで例示されるようなハロゲン含有触媒促進剤と一緒に、液体反応媒体中に溶解されたもしくは分散された、又は不活性固体上に担持されたロジウムベースのカルボニル化触媒の使用を開示している。しかしながら、様々な触媒系、特にVIII族金属を含む触媒系を、メタノールのカルボニル化によって、酢酸を製造するために用い得ることが了解される。一般的に、カルボニル化反応は、一酸化炭素ガスが連続的に泡立てられている液体反応媒体中に溶解されている触媒により実行される。 米国特許第3,769,329号は、反応混合物に水を加えて反応速度に有益な効果を及ぼすことができること、またその場合、水の濃度は、典型的には、約14重量%(wt.%)〜約15重量%であることを開示している。この方法は、時には「高含水(high water)」カルボニル化法と呼ばれる。
CH3OH + H2 → CH4 + H2O
にしたがうメタン化によって、水を生成する。
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
により示される上記の水性ガス転化反応として公知である。
本発明は、低含水量の反応混合物において、アルキルアルコール、アルキルアルコールの反応性誘導体、及びアルキルアルコールとそれらの反応性誘導体との混合物をカルボニル化することによって、酢酸を製造する方法に関する。低含水条件下で酢酸を生成することに加えて、本発明は、速い酢酸生成速度を提供する。本発明の更なる特徴は、速い生成速度で運転しつつ、制御された範囲において、低い水濃度を維持することである。本発明は、2.0重量%未満の反応混合物中水濃度下で、15g・mol/l/hr以上の酢酸生成速度を達成する。本発明の方法は、高レベルの酢酸メチルと一緒に、高レベルのロジウム又はロジウム/イリジウム触媒系を使用する。特定の条件下では、本方法の反応混合物における水濃度は、例えばジメチルエーテル、酢酸メチル、無水酢酸、又はそれらの化合物から成る混合物のような水消費成分をプロセスに加えることを含む少なくとも一つのプロセス工程によって、所望の濃度に維持される。水消費成分を反応混合物に加える工程は、カルボニル化反応混合物において、水濃度を制御するための他のプロセス工程と組み合わせることができる。
コスト的見地からすると、反応器において、低含水条件でカルボニル化法を運転するのは望ましいが、米国特許第5,144,068号で検討されているように、低含水条件下では、前記方法の生成収量は、他の条件が同様であって水濃度がより高い条件下で運転するときに予期される生成収量に比べて、かなり低い場合があることは公知である。しかしながら、本発明は、予期外に速い反応速度を達成でき、それと同時に、反応混合物中2重量%未満の水濃度下で運転することができ、また2重量%未満の水濃度のコスト的利点を得ることできる。本発明は、ロジウムベース又はロジウム/イリジウムベースの触媒系の主要な反応成分を最適化し、それと同時に、極めて低い水濃度を効果的な範囲内に維持することによって、これらの速い生成速度を得ることができる。
例えば、水濃度が5.0重量%に近づくと、カルボニル化反応速度は有意に減少する。その理由は、反応速度が、特に、極めて低い水濃度においては、反応器水に非常に影響されるからである。反応系周囲で厳しく水バランスを維持することは重要であり、またもっと詳しく言えば、反応域内において、高い反応器活性、而して速い生成速度を維持することは重要である。
以下の表及びそれに関連した考察に記載されている実施例によって、2.0重量%未満の水濃度下で反応速度が15g・mol/l/hrを超える本発明にしたがうカルボニル化反応が例示的に実証される。実験ユニットを使用し、定常状態にした。条件は、表Iに記載してある通りである。
本発明及びその利点を詳細に説明してきたが、様々な改変、代替及び変更が以下の請求項に記載の本発明の精神と範囲から逸脱することなく、本発明において成し得ることを了解すべきである。
Claims (11)
- 2.0重量%未満の水、ロジウム及びロジウムとイリジウムとの組み合わせから成る群より選択される少なくとも1000ppmの濃度の金属、2〜20重量%の濃度でヨウ化物イオン、及び2.0重量%〜30.0重量%の濃度でハロゲン促進剤を含む反応混合物において、一酸化炭素及びロジウムベース触媒系の存在下で、メタノール、ヨウ化メチル、酢酸メチル、ジメチルエーテル、及びこれらの組合せから成る群より選択される化合物を反応させる工程を含む触媒カルボニル化反応によって、少なくとも15g・mol/l/hrの空時収量で酢酸を製造する方法。
- 該ハロゲン促進剤が、該反応混合物の重量を基準として5.0重量%〜15.0重量%の濃度で存在する請求項1記載方法。
- 該反応混合物が、酢酸メチルを1.0重量%〜30.0重量%含む請求項1記載の方法。
- 該ハロゲン促進剤が、ヨウ化メチルである請求項3記載の方法。
- 該反応混合物が、0.7重量%未満の水及び少なくとも1500ppmのロジウムベース触媒系を含む請求項4記載の方法。
- 該反応混合物が、0.5重量%未満の水及び少なくとも1800ppmのVIII族金属を含む請求項4記載の方法。
- 酢酸製造の該空時収量が、15g・mol/l/hr〜20g・mol/l/hrである請求項4記載の方法。
- 該酢酸製造の空時収量が、30g・mol/l/hr〜40g・mol/l/hrである請求項5記載の方法。
- 該酢酸製造の空時収量が、30g・mol/l/hr〜40g・mol/l/hrである請求項6記載の方法。
- 該ヨウ化メチルが、該反応混合物の重量を基準として5重量%〜10重量%で存在する請求項5記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素及びメタンが該反応混合物中で生成され、その場合、該メタン生成の空時収量が、該二酸化炭素生成の空時収量を上回っている請求項4記載の方法。
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