JP4578182B2 - 重質炭化水素油の水素化処理方法 - Google Patents
重質炭化水素油の水素化処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4578182B2 JP4578182B2 JP2004248123A JP2004248123A JP4578182B2 JP 4578182 B2 JP4578182 B2 JP 4578182B2 JP 2004248123 A JP2004248123 A JP 2004248123A JP 2004248123 A JP2004248123 A JP 2004248123A JP 4578182 B2 JP4578182 B2 JP 4578182B2
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 41
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007324 demetalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 VIB metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QZYDAIMOJUSSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Mo] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Mo] QZYDAIMOJUSSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCOASTWZYJGKEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[W] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[W] YCOASTWZYJGKEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt molybdenum Chemical compound [Co].[Co].[Mo] WHDPTDWLEKQKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3] UAMZXLIURMNTHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tungsten Chemical compound [Ni].[W] MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/847—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum or polonium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/308—Gravity, density, e.g. API
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4018—Spatial velocity, e.g. LHSV, WHSV
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
重質炭化水素油(原料油)を水素化処理触媒に接触させると脱硫反応が起こり、原料油中の硫黄分、すなわち、ベンゾチオフェン類、ジベンゾチオフェン類、メルカプタン類、チオエーテル類、ジチオエーテル類などの有機硫黄化合物から硫黄分が除去できる。また、脱硫反応の他に、原料油中のニッケル、バナジウム、鉄、ナトリウムなどのメタル分を除去する脱メタル反応や、分解反応、脱窒素反応も同時に起こる。しかし、これらの反応の進行に伴い、コーク分やメタル分が2次的に生成し、水素化処理触媒の細孔内や外表面に堆積する。これらの堆積物は水素化処理触媒上の活性点を被毒し、脱硫活性などの触媒活性の低下を引き起こす。さらにまた、これらの堆積物は触媒の細孔内に堆積し、細孔を塞ぎ、触媒活性の低下を引き起こす。一般に、原油のAPI度が小さくなるほど、その原油から得られる重質炭化水素油中に含まれる硫黄化合物やニッケル、バナジウムなどの金属量は多くなり、触媒活性低下速度を加速する。このため、API度の小さな原油から得られる重質炭化水素油を処理する場合は、処理量を大幅に低下させる必要があった。また、この重質炭化水素油中のメタルを含有する分子はサイズが大きく反応性が低いため、脱メタル率も低下し、後段装置に悪影響を与える。
本発明において使用されるAPI度30以下の重質原油とは、下記式で算出されるAPI度の値が30以下の原油をいう。
API度=141.5/(比重60/60°F)−131.5
なお、上式における比重とは、JIS K 2249に規定する「原油及び石油製品の密度試験方法ならびに密度・質量・容量換算表」に準拠して測定される比重を意味する。
本発明において使用される重質原油はAPI度が30以下のものであり、好ましくは29以下、より好ましくは28以下のものである。API度が30を超えると、その原油から得られる重質炭化水素油の反応性が高くなるため、本発明の方法を適用しなくても処理することができるからである。
本発明において使用されるAPI度30以下の重質原油としては、具体的には、カフジ原油、アラビアンヘビー原油、アルライヤン原油などを挙げることができる。
なお、API度30以下の重質原油より得られる重質炭化水素油の性状として、特に限定されないが、代表的な性状としては下記のとおりである。
比重(15/4℃):0.9700〜1.100
硫黄分:4.0〜8.0質量%
金属分(Ni+V):70〜200質量ppm
残炭分:10〜20質量%
なお、本発明でいう蒸留温度とは、JIS K 2254に規定する「石油製品―蒸留試験方法」の「6.減圧法蒸留試験方法」に準拠して測定される温度を意味する。
本発明において使用される軽質原油はAPI度が35以上であり、好ましくは35.5以上、より好ましくは36以上のものである。API度が35未満となると、その原油から得る重質炭化水素油の反応性が低下する点で劣化速度の抑制効果を与えないとした不都合が生じ好ましくない。
本発明において使用されるAPI度35以上の軽質原油としては、具体的には、アラビアンエキストラライト原油、ローアーザクム原油、マーバン原油などを挙げることができる。
なお、重質炭化水素油の性状として、特に限定されないが、代表的な性状としては下記のとおりである。
比重(15/4℃):0.9100〜0.9500
硫黄分:1.1〜3.0質量%
金属分(Ni+V):3〜30質量ppm
残炭分:2〜8質量%
また、中質炭化水素油の性状として、特に限定されないが、代表的な性状としては下記のとおりである。
比重(15/4℃):0.9500〜0.9700
硫黄分:3.0〜4.0質量%
金属分(Ni+V):30〜70質量ppm
残炭分:8〜10質量%
本発明における水素化処理の条件は、特に限定されないが、水素分圧は7〜25MPaであることが好ましく、より好ましくは9〜22MPa、さらに好ましくは10〜21MPaである。入り口の水素分圧が7MPa未満の場合は、触媒上のコーク生成が激しくなり過ぎるため触媒寿命が短くなる懸念がある。一方、その水素分圧が25MPaを超える場合は、反応塔や周辺機器等の建設費が急激に上昇し、経済的に実用性が失われる懸念がある。
また、LHSVは0.01〜10h−1であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.02〜8h−1、さらに好ましくは0.04〜6h−1の範囲で行うことができる。LHSVが0.01h−1未満の場合は、反応塔の建設費が莫大になり、経済的に実用性が失われる懸念があり好ましくない。一方、LHSVが10h−1を超える場合は、触媒活性が十分に発揮されない懸念があり好ましくない。
反応形式は特に限定されないが、通常は、固定床、移動床等の種々のプロセスから選ぶことができるが、固定床が好ましい。
これらの金属は通常組み合わせて用いられる。具体的には、ニッケル−モリブデン、コバルト−モリブデン、ニッケル−タングステン、ニッケル−コバルト−モリブデン、タングステン−コバルト−ニッケルが好ましく用いられる。また、これらの金属は、好ましくは金属酸化物、金属硫化物として担持される。
本発明において、触媒の製造方法は公知の方法を用いることができる。例えば、浸漬法、含浸法、共沈法等があげられる。
生成重油の硫黄分が1質量%を超えるような場合は、API度の小さな重質原油から得た重質炭化水素油を処理しても、もともと触媒活性の劣化速度は小さいため、API度の大きな軽質原油から得た重質炭化水素油を混合する必要がなく、本発明を適用する必要は無い。
また、本発明の方法により製造される低硫黄重油の硫黄分の下限は特に限定されないが、本発明の効果を生かすには0.05質量%以上であることが好ましく、0.1質量%以上であることがより好ましい。硫黄分を0.05質量%よりもさらに脱硫しようとすると、原料油性状によらず触媒の劣化速度が急増するため好ましくない。
なお、本発明における硫黄分(硫黄含有量)とは、JIS K 2541―1992に規定する「原油及び石油製品―硫黄分試験方法」の「6.放射線式励起法」に準拠して測定される硫黄含有量を意味する。
表1に示す、重質原料油1(API度が30以下の重質原油から得た重質炭化水素油)100容量部に、軽質原料油1(API度が35以上の軽質原油より得られる重質炭化水素油)400容量部を混合して、表2に示す触媒系を使用して、水素分圧17MPa、水素/油比5000SCF/BBL、LHSV0.24h−1、生成油硫黄分0.3質量%の条件下で水素化処理を行った。その結果を表3に示した。
重質原料油1と軽質原料油1を、100容量部:233容量部で混合した原料油を使用した以外は、実施例1と同一の反応条件および触媒を使用して水素化処理を行った。その結果を表3に併記した。
重質原料油1と軽質原料油1を、100容量部:100容量部で混合した原料油を使用した以外は、実施例1と同一の反応条件および触媒を使用して水素化処理を行った。その結果を表3に併記した。
表1に示す、重質原料油2(API度が30以下の重質原油から得た重質炭化水素油)100容量部と、軽質原料油2(API度が35以上の軽質原油より得られる重質炭化水素油)100容量部を混合した原料油を使用した以外は、実施例1と同一の反応条件および触媒を使用して水素化処理を行った。その結果を表3に併記した。
原料油として表1に示す重質原料油1を使用した以外は、実施例1と同一の反応条件および触媒を使用して水素化処理を行った。その結果を表3に併記した。
原料油として表1に示す重質原料油1を使用し、LHSVを0.12h−1にした以外は、実施例1と同一の反応条件および触媒を使用して水素化処理を行った。その結果を表3に併記した。
原料油として表1に示す重質原料油2を使用し、LHSVを0.12h−1にした以外は、実施例1と同一の反応条件および触媒を使用して水素化処理を行った。その結果を表3に併記した。
それに対して、比較例1のAPI度が24.9の重質原油から得た重質炭化水素油では、劣化速度は0.9℃/日と極めて高く、脱メタル率も70%まで低下する。
また、比較例2に示すように、API度が24.9の重質原油から得た重質炭化水素油の通油量を半分にした場合でも、劣化速度は0.42℃/日と高く、脱メタル率も75%まで低下する。
また、比較例3に示すように、API度が27.7の重質原油から得た重質炭化水素油を用いた場合でも、劣化速度は0.38℃/日と高く、脱メタル率も74%まで低下する。
Claims (2)
- API度30以下の重質原油を常圧蒸留若しくは減圧蒸留して得られる重質炭化水素油100容量部に対し、API度35以上の軽質原油を常圧蒸留若しくは減圧蒸留して得られる重質炭化水素油を30〜1000容量部混合した混合油を水素分圧が7〜25MPa、LHSVが0.01〜10h −1 、反応温度が250〜450℃、水素/油比が500〜8,000SCF/BBLの条件下にアルミナを主成分とする触媒担体に周期律表第VIII族金属から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属および周期律表第VIB族金属から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を担持させて得られる触媒を使用して水素化処理し、硫黄分1質量%以下の低硫黄重油を製造することを特徴とする重質炭化水素油の水素化処理方法。
- アルミナを主成分とする触媒担体に周期律表第VIII族金属から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を0.03〜10mol%および周期律表第VIB族金属から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を0.1〜10mol%担持させて得られる表面積1.0×107〜1.0×109m2/m3、細孔容積0.20〜0.60m3/m3なる触媒を1つ以上積層させた触媒を使用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水素化処理方法。
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CN2005800345294A CN101040032B (zh) | 2004-08-27 | 2005-08-24 | 重质烃油加氢处理的方法 |
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US10081769B2 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2018-09-25 | Husky Oil Operations Limited | Partial upgrading system and method for heavy hydrocarbons |
EP3227412B1 (en) | 2014-12-04 | 2020-09-30 | ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company | Low sulfur marine bunker fuels and methods of making same |
US12071592B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2024-08-27 | Magēmā Technology LLC | Multi-stage process and device utilizing structured catalyst beds and reactive distillation for the production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil |
US11788017B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2023-10-17 | Magëmã Technology LLC | Multi-stage process and device for reducing environmental contaminants in heavy marine fuel oil |
US20180230389A1 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2018-08-16 | Magēmā Technology, LLC | Multi-Stage Process and Device for Reducing Environmental Contaminates in Heavy Marine Fuel Oil |
US10604709B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2020-03-31 | Magēmā Technology LLC | Multi-stage device and process for production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil from distressed heavy fuel oil materials |
US12025435B2 (en) | 2017-02-12 | 2024-07-02 | Magēmã Technology LLC | Multi-stage device and process for production of a low sulfur heavy marine fuel oil |
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