JP4352126B2 - B−ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入材料と、その利用方法 - Google Patents
B−ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入材料と、その利用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4352126B2 JP4352126B2 JP2003573695A JP2003573695A JP4352126B2 JP 4352126 B2 JP4352126 B2 JP 4352126B2 JP 2003573695 A JP2003573695 A JP 2003573695A JP 2003573695 A JP2003573695 A JP 2003573695A JP 4352126 B2 JP4352126 B2 JP 4352126B2
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- underfill
- epoxy
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- phenol
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Classifications
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
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- C08G59/5093—Complexes of amines
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- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/56—Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation layers, coatings
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- H01L2224/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
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- H01L2224/83855—Hardening the adhesive by curing, i.e. thermosetting
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Description
本発明のアンダーフィル封入組成物で使用する樹脂は、硬化可能な化合物である。これは、この化合物が重合可能であることを意味する。この明細書では、硬化とは、架橋を伴う重合を意味する。架橋とは、ある元素、ある基、ある化合物が橋となって2つのポリマー鎖が接続されることであり、一般に加熱によって起こる。
50部のEPON826(シェル・エポキシ・レジンズ社)と50部のHRJ2190(スケネクタディ・インターナショナル社)を53部の酢酸プロピレングリコールメチルエチル(PGME、オールドリッチ・ケミカル社)と混合したものを含むアンダーフィル封入材料組成物を作った。この混合物を5時間30分にわたって143℃に加熱した。得られた均一な混合物を25℃に冷却した。冷却後、108部のFUSOFE(アドマテックス社)、0.5部のBYK-W 9010(BYK-ヘミー社)、0.5部のA-187(シルクエスト社)、1.8部のビニルメチルシロキサン-ジメチルシロキサン・コポリマー(ジェレスト社のVDT-131)、0.4部の2-フェニル-4-メチルイミダゾール(2P4MZ)/ピロメリト酸二無水物(PMDA)付加物を添加した。次に、この組成物をダブル・プラネタリー・ロス・ミキサーの中で6時間にわたって分散状態にした。混合されたこのアンダーフィル材料には泡が含まれておらず、ゆっくりと剪断を行なうときに空気を捕捉することがなく、剪断速度が1/秒のときの粘性率が30,000cP(30Pa)であった。次に、このアンダーフィル材料をステンシル印刷によってカバーガラス(25mm×25mm)に載せ、厚さ110ミクロンのコーティングにした。次に、コーティングされたこのカバーガラスを、135℃に加熱してある熱いプレートの上に15分間にわたって載せた。このB-ステージ・プロセスが終了した後、コーティングは、滑らかで粘着性がなく、ボイドも持っていなかった。コーティングのガラス転移温度は、DSCによって約46℃であることがわかった。このガラス転移温度は、B-ステージを経たアンダーフィル組成物で覆われたウェハをきれいに切断するのに望ましい範囲に収まっていた。
実施例1に示した方法に従ってアンダーフィル組成物を調製した。この組成物をOSP Cuで仕上げたFR4ボードの上に載せた。直径20ミルの共晶ハンダ・ボールをこの組成物の中に入れた。この組成物の上に25mm×25mmのカバーガラスを載せてそのカバーガラスをハンダ・ボールと接触させることにより、過剰な組成物を除去した。このようにして、組成物の厚さを20ミル以内に制御した。カバーガラスを取り除いた後、全体を120℃の真空炉の中に入れ、30分間にわたってB-ステージ処理した。このB-ステージ・プロセスが終了すると、滑らかで、ボイドがなく、粘着性のないコーティングが得られた。溶媒がB-ステージ・プロセスの間に蒸発してコーティングが約20%薄くなったため、コーティングの中のハンダ・ボールがコーティングから突起していた。このサンプルを1'×3'のスライドガラスの上に表面を下にして載せた後、全体を、160℃に加熱してある熱いプレートの上に載せた。2分後、全体を、240℃に加熱してある別の熱いプレートの上に移し、1分間そのままにした。スライドガラスを調べたところ、ハンダ・ボールがスライドガラスを濡らし、ハンダ・ボールの面積が広がっていることが観察された。ハンダ・ボールのこの広がりは、封入材料の硬化が早く起こり過ぎなかったためにハンダの広がりと相互接続の形成が妨げられなかったことを示している。
やはり非充填エポキシ/フェノール材料が関係する接着法におけるアンダーフィル材料の状態を調べるため、実施例1に示した方法に従ってアンダーフィル組成物を調製した。次に、この組成物を25mm×25mmのカバーガラスの上に載せ、共晶ハンダ・ボールをこのコーティングの上に載せた後、B-ステージ・プロセスを実行した。非充填組成物も調製した。この非充填エポキシ/フェノール組成物は、70部のRSL1739と、10部のフレックス-1と、10部のフェノールHRJ1166を用いて調製した。これら3つの樹脂を溶媒なしで混合した後、0.5部の2P4MZ/PMDAイミダゾール/無水物付加物と10部のコルフリーM2を添加した。得られた材料は室温で液体であり、剪断速度が1/秒のときの粘性率は約6,500cP(6.5Pa秒)であった。この非充填組成物を一滴、Cu仕上げしたFR-4ボードの上に載せた。25mm×25mmのカバーガラスを充填されるエポキシ/フェノール材料で覆い、共晶ハンダ・ボールをこのコーティングの中に入れ、この全体に対してB-ステージ・プロセスを実行した。B-ステージを経たエポキシ/フェノール・コーティングを備えるこのカバーガラスを、表を下にして、非充填組成物が一滴載った基板の上に置いた。次に、この全体を、240℃に加熱してある熱いプレートの上に載せた。ハンダの流動化と、基板との相互接続が観察された。2P4MZ/PMDA付加物によって硬化が遅くなるため、非充填組成物が硬化する前にハンダが流動状態になることも保証された。硬化する前に非充填組成物も流動状態になり、カバーガラスの周囲に完全なフィレットを形成した。この実施例での方法は、現在利用されている表面実装技術と相性がよい。非充填組成物の表面張力により、リフロー・プロセスの間、カバーガラスが保持されて自己整合しやすくなる。それと同時に、液体形態の非充填組成物は、従来法におけるよりもうまくフィレットを形成し、カバーガラスと基板をうまく濡らして両者を接着させる。異なる2つの材料をチップと基板で用いるこの方法だと、空気や充填剤がハンダのバンプやウェハに捕捉されるという潜在的な問題もない。
実施例1の方法に従い、表1に示した5種類のアンダーフィル封入組成物を調製した。触媒の存在と比率がもたらす効果を明らかにするため、2P4MZ/PMDA付加物の添加量を変化させ、1つの組成物では触媒としてこの付加化合物の代わりに2P4MZを用いた。
表2に示したように、2種類のアンダーフィル封入材料を調製した。エポキシ樹脂とフェノール樹脂の比率を変え、この比率が系の硬化に及ぼす効果を明らかにした。
実施例1に示した手続きに従って2種類のアンダーフィル封入材料を調製した。フラックス剤が組成物に与える影響を調べるため、表4に示したようにロジンゴムを一方の組成物に添加した。
実施例1の方法に従ってアンダーフィル封入組成物を調製した。25mm×25mmのカバーガラスをこの封入材料でコーティングし、共晶ハンダ・ボールをそのコーティングの上に載せた。135℃にて15分間にわたってB-ステージ処理を行なうことにより、このコーティングを硬化させた。このB-ステージを経た後、コーティングは滑らかで粘着性がなく、ボイドも持っていなかった。DSDにより、コーティングのガラス転移温度が約46℃であることがわかった。この実施例では、この第1の組成物を材料Aと呼ぶことにする。
この実施例は、実施例7の方法を利用して組み立てたパッケージと非充填硬化性液体材料なしで組み立てたパッケージの接着力を比較するために行なった。まず最初に、2mm×2mmのシリコン・チップを実施例1に記載したエポキシ/フェノール含有アンダーフィル組成物でコーティングした。このチップを真空下で30分間にわたって125℃にてB-ステージ処理し、チップの表面に滑らかで粘着性のないコーティングを得た。FR-4基板ボードを1/2インチ×1/2インチに切断し、150℃にて40分間にわたって予熱して水分を完全に除去した。チップ1のテスト法(方法I)では、一滴の非充填硬化性材料を予熱したFR-4基板片に載せ、チップの表を下にしてこの基板に載せた。チップ2のテスト法(方法II)では、シリコン・チップを裸のFR-4基板片に直接載せたため、基板の上には非充填硬化性材料がない。次に、両方の方法に従って作ったこれらの組立体をリフロー炉の中を通過させてパッケージを形成した。方法IIに従って形成したパッケージでは、充填されたアンダーフィル材料がチップの縁部に沿って広がったが、チップの縁部に沿って盛り上がって完全なフィレットを形成することはなかった。方法Iに従って作ったチップは、チップの周辺部に完全なフィレットを形成した。粘性率が小さな非充填硬化性液体材料がうまく流れてチップの縁部に沿って盛り上がり、フィレットを形成した。次に全部のチップに対してダイ剪断試験を行ない、FR-4基板からチップを引き剥がす力の最大値を記録した。剪断力のピークは、ロイス・インスツルメンツ社のダイ剪断テスターを用いて記録した。それぞれの方法で作った20個のパッケージに剪断力を加え、剪断力の平均値を記録した。すべてのパッケージが、チップ/材料Aの界面で破壊されることがわかった。方法IIに従って形成したパッケージでは、力のピークの平均値は13.5±3.5kgfであった。方法Iに従って形成したパッケージでは、力のピークの平均値は19.9±2.6kgfであった。パッケージが破損する前の力のピークは、方法Iに従って形成した場合のほうが、非充填材料Bで形成されたフィレットがより大きかったために大きな値であった。したがって接着力は、チップと基板を接着する前にチップと基板を互いに異なるが相性のよい材料でコーティングすることにより、約25%増大している。従来技術で知られているように、これらの材料の間がよく濡れてうまく接着し、フィレットがうまく形成されることは、パッケージの信頼性にとって非常に重要である。ダイ剪断試験の結果を表5に示してある。
Claims (12)
- a)少なくとも1種類のエポキシ樹脂と少なくとも1種類のフェノール含有化合物の混合物を含む熱硬化樹脂系と;
b)2‐フェニル‐4‐メチルイミダゾールとピロメリト酸二無水物のイミダゾール‐無水物付加物と;
c)γ‐ブチロラクトン及び酢酸プロピレングリコールメチルエチル(PGMEA)から選択される少なくとも1種類の溶媒と;
d)少なくとも1種類の無機充填剤と
を含む、B‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物。 - 前記少なくとも1種類のエポキシ樹脂が、ビスフェノール‐Aの単官能グリシジルエーテルおよび多官能グリシジルエーテル、ビスフェノール‐Fの単官能グリシジルエーテルおよび多官能グリシジルエーテル、3,4‐エポキシシクロヘキシルメチル‐3,4‐エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート、ビニルシクロヘキセンジオキシド、3,4‐エポキシ‐6‐メチルシクロヘキシルメチル‐3,4‐エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート、ジシクロペンタジエンジオキシド、エポキシノボラック樹脂、ポリ(フェニルグリシジルエーテル)-コ‐ホルムアルデヒド、ジシクロペンタジエン‐フェノールエポキシ樹脂、ナフタレンエポキシ樹脂、エポキシ官能性ブタジエンアクリロニトリル・コポリマー、エポキシ官能性ポリジメチルシロキサン、及び以下の構造式:
- 前記フェノール含有化合物が、フェノールノバラック樹脂、ジアリビスフェノール‐A、ビスフェノール‐A、あるいはこれらの混合物を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物。
- 前記エポキシ樹脂が前記エポキシ/フェノール含有化合物の混合物に40重量%〜95重量%の範囲で含まれる、請求項1又は2に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種類のフェノール含有化合物が、前記エポキシ/フェノール含有化合物の混合物に5重量%〜60重量%の範囲で含まれる、請求項1又は2に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物。
- 前記エポキシ/フェノール含有化合物の混合物が前記組成物に20重量%〜80重量%の範囲で含まれる、請求項1に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物。
- 前記イミダゾール‐無水物付加物が前記組成物に0.01重量%〜10重量%の範囲で含まれる、請求項1に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種類の無機充填剤が、バーミキュライト、雲母、ケイ灰石、炭酸カルシウム、チタニア、砂、ガラス、溶融シリカ、ヒュームドシリカ、アルミナ、硫酸バリウム、ならびにこれらの混合物から成る群から選択されるものである、請求項1に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物。
- 前記少なくとも1種類の無機充填剤が、前記組成物の70重量%までの量で存在するシリカである、請求項1に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物。
- 請求項1に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物が一方の表面に堆積されたシリコン・ウェハ。
- 1個以上のシリコン・チップを製造する方法であって、
a)請求項1に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物を半導体ウェハに塗布するステップと;
b)前記半導体ウェハ上の前記アンダーフィル封入組成物に対してB‐ステージ・プロセスを実行してそのアンダーフィル封入組成物を固化させ、滑らかで粘着性のないコーティングにするステップと;
c)前記半導体ウェハを切断して個々のシリコン・チップにするステップと
を含む、方法。 - 電子部品パッケージを製造する方法であって、
a)請求項1に記載のB‐ステージに対応可能なアンダーフィル封入組成物を半導体ウェハに塗布するステップと;
b)前記半導体ウェハ上の前記アンダーフィル封入組成物に対してB‐ステージ・プロセスを実行してそのアンダーフィル封入組成物を固化させ、滑らかで粘着性のないコーティングにするステップと;
c)前記半導体ウェハを切断し、第1の面が前記アンダーフィル封入組成物でコートされた2個以上のシリコン・チップにするステップと;
d)前記シリコン・チップの第1の面が基板と隣り合うようにして2個以上のシリコン・チップを前記基板の上に載せるステップと;
e)前記基板と少なくとも1個のシリコン・チップを、その少なくとも1個のシリコン・チップとその基板の間に相互接続が形成されるのに十分な温度まで加熱して前記アンダーフィル封入組成物を硬化させるステップと
を含む、方法。
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2002
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US7608487B2 (en) | 2009-10-27 |
CN1639852A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
AU2003210985A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
JP2005519169A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
US20030164555A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
WO2003075339A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 |
KR20040088569A (ko) | 2004-10-16 |
US20060125119A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
EP1481420A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
CN100350579C (zh) | 2007-11-21 |
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