JP4294323B2 - 亜鉛/空気電池 - Google Patents
亜鉛/空気電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4294323B2 JP4294323B2 JP2002581603A JP2002581603A JP4294323B2 JP 4294323 B2 JP4294323 B2 JP 4294323B2 JP 2002581603 A JP2002581603 A JP 2002581603A JP 2002581603 A JP2002581603 A JP 2002581603A JP 4294323 B2 JP4294323 B2 JP 4294323B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- casing
- anode
- anode casing
- battery
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 75
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 120
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 78
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 49
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 36
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 31
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 22
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 18
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 16
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101000614399 Homo sapiens Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100040471 Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- SRCZENKQCOSNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-H gold(3+);trisulfite Chemical compound [Au+3].[Au+3].[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O SRCZENKQCOSNAI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003771 C cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRZKHZBOZDIQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;manganese Chemical compound N.[Mn] RRZKHZBOZDIQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002325 somatostatin-secreting cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000247 superabsorbent polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
- H01M50/119—Metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
- H01M50/128—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers with two or more layers of only inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
- H01M50/133—Thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
- H01M50/145—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors for protecting against corrosion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/183—Sealing members
- H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
- H01M50/188—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members the sealing members being arranged between the lid and terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/545—Terminals formed by the casing of the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/1245—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure characterised by the external coating on the casing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
これによって、保護金属161の外面(最後に付けた層)に沿った顕著な電気化学的電位勾配がなくなる。一つ又はそれ以上の保護金属層161を使用する場合には、各層の厚さは、望ましくは0.0001mm乃至0.015mmであり、例えば約0.001mm乃至0.010mmである。
O2+2H2O+2e=4OH- (1)
2H2O+2e=2OH- +H2 (2)
この技術には、アノードケーシング160の周縁168のめっき中、露呈された負の端子表面165に最初に保護金属161のめっきを施す本発明の実施の形態と関連した特定の用途がある。次いで、露呈された負の端子表面165の保護金属161に、図5を参照して上述した方法を使用することによって、耐蝕性金属のめっきを施すことができる。
上述したように、カソードケーシングの周縁142bをアノードケーシングの傾斜した中間部分163b上に、絶縁体170を間に置いてクリンプ止めすることができる。
(様々な保護金属をめっきした水銀ゼロの全アノードケーシング表面)
小型亜鉛/空気電池を、上述した構成要素(図1参照)を備えた形で形成した。電池の直径が7.75mm(0.305インチ)で高さが5.26mm(0.207インチ)のサイズ13の亜鉛/空気電池として試験電池を製作した。サイズ13の亜鉛/空気電池は、国際電気標準会議(IEC)の「PR48」サイズ電池と等しい。
(1)アルカリ石鹸溶液中で洗浄し、次いで濯ぐ工程。
(2)商業的「活性化」溶液に浸漬し、次いで濯ぐ工程。
(3)酸でエッチングし、次いで濯ぐ工程。
(4)電解質バレルめっきを行い、次いで濯ぐ工程。
(5)回転乾燥させる工程。
(アノードケーシング表面の選択的めっき(アノードケーシング周縁及び絶縁体と当接した外側壁表面の部分のめっき))
電池を以下に列挙する事項を除いて実施例1で説明したように形成する。グループC及びDでは、保護金属161は銅である。グループCでは、保護金属である銅をアノードケーシングの全面、即ち全外側面、アノードケーシングの周縁168を含む全内側面に実施例1におけるようにめっきした。全ての電池(グループA乃至グループD)で3層クラッドNi/SS/Cu材料であるアノードケーシングに銅の保護金属をめっきする。グループDでは、銅の保護金属を周縁168及び絶縁体壁172に当接する側壁の外側面の部分にめっき(部分161aにめっき)し、更に周縁と隣接したケーシング内側面の小さな部分をめっきする。銅の保護金属は、3層クラッドNi/SS/Cu材料であるアノードケーシングにめっきされる。電池A及びBの対象標準グループは、同じNi/SS/Cuの3層クラッド材料でできたアノードケーシングを備えているが、これに続いて行われる本発明の保護金属によるめっきが施されていない。全ての電池グループのアノード混合物は、500ppmの鉛、500ppmのインジウム、及び80ppmのアルミニウムと合金にした粒状亜鉛を含む。インジウム/ビスマス(InBi)結合材が亜鉛アノードに加えてある。アノード混合物でのInBi結合材の濃度は、乾燥アノード混合物(亜鉛及び結合材)の重量に基づいて1.25重量%である。グループCのアノード缶(表2参照)は、保護金属である銅でバレルめっきする(全面に亘って)ことによって形成される。グループDについて、アノードケーシングの周縁168及び絶縁体壁172に当接するケーシング外側面162の部分を本発明に従って保護金属である銅で選択的にめっきする(図3参照)。選択的なめっきは、缶をカソードバスバーに対してゴム製グロメットで保持し、缶を銅めっき浴に浸漬し、アノードを沈めて直流電流を加えることによって行われる。
1.電池の空気穴をテープで覆った状態での電池の貯蔵(周囲環境での6箇月の貯蔵とほぼ等しい)後に確認された電解質漏れ。
2.周縁の直ぐ近くにある3層クラッドアノードケーシングの内側面の小さな部分を保護金属である銅でめっきした。
3.グループB、C及びDの電池の亜鉛アノードにインジウム/ビスマス(InBi)結合材を加えた。アノード混合物でのInBi結合材の濃度は、乾燥アノード混合物(亜鉛に結合材を加えたもの)の重量に基づいて1.25重量%である。サイズ13の亜鉛/空気ボタン電池を使用した。
Claims (15)
- アノードケーシング及びカソードケーシングを含み、アノード材料は前記アノードケーシング内の亜鉛及びアルカリ電解質を含み、前記カソードケーシング内の触媒カソードを含む亜鉛/空気減極電池において、前記カソードケーシングは開放端及び閉鎖端を有する缶の形態であり、前記アノードケーシングは、開放端、閉鎖端、内側面及び外側面を有する本体を含む缶の形態であり、前記アノードケーシングの前記開放端は、電気絶縁材料を前記アノードケーシングと前記カソードケーシングとの間に置き且つ電気絶縁材料を前記アノードケーシングの外側面の少なくとも一部に当接させるようにして、前記カソードケーシングの前記開放端内に置かれ、前記アノードケーシングはその開放端に周縁面を有し、前記アノードケーシングは、3つの異なる金属を含む3層クラッド材料であって、ニッケル層が外側面に設けられており且つ銅層が内側面に設けられたステンレス鋼を含む3層クラッド材料でできており、前記銅層が前記亜鉛と接触し、前記3つの異なる金属の少なくとも一部が前記周縁面で露呈され、前記アノードケーシングの周縁面を少なくとも一つの錫を含む保護金属層でめっきし、これによって前記異なる金属を前記周縁面のところで覆い、露呈しないようにする、亜鉛/空気減極電池。
- 前記電池は、直径が4mm乃至20mmで高さが2mm乃至10mmのディスク状円筒形形状を有する、請求項1に記載の亜鉛/空気電池。
- 前記電池は、直径が4mm乃至12mmで高さが2mm乃至6mmのディスク状円筒形形状を有する、請求項1に記載の亜鉛/空気電池。
- 前記絶縁材料と当接した前記アノードケーシングの前記外側面の少なくとも一部には前記保護金属がめっきされている、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛/空気電池。
- 前記アノードケーシングの周縁面にめっきした前記保護金属は、前記周縁の前記表面のところで電気化学的電位勾配をなくし、これによって電解質が前記電池から滲み出る機会を減少させる、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛/空気電池。
- 前記アノードケーシングの周縁にめっきされた前記保護金属の厚さは、0.0001mm乃至0.015mmである、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛/空気電池。
- 前記カソードケーシングは、電池を使用するときに空気を電池に入れることができる少なくとも一つの穴をその表面に有する、請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の亜鉛/空気電池。
- 前記アノードケーシングの壁厚は0.0254mm(0.001インチ)乃至0.38mm(0.015インチ)である、請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
- 前記亜鉛は亜鉛粒子の形態をなしている、請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
- 前記亜鉛粒子は、インジウムを含む合金材料で合金にした亜鉛を含む、請求項9に記載の電池。
- 前記合金材料は、純亜鉛に基づく100万重量部当たり100乃至1000部を占める、請求項10に記載の電池。
- 前記亜鉛粒子は、インジウム及びビスマスを含む合金材料で合金にした亜鉛を含む、請求項9に記載の電池。
- 前記合金材料は、純亜鉛に基づく100万重量部当たり100乃至2000部を占める、請求項12に記載の電池。
- カソードは、炭素及びMnO 2 を含む触媒カソードである、請求項1乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
- 前記アノード材料は、亜鉛100万重量部当たり100部未満の水銀を含む、請求項1乃至14のいずれか一項に記載の電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/829,710 US6830847B2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Zinc/air cell |
PCT/US2002/010956 WO2002084761A2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2002-04-09 | Zinc/air cell |
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JP2008189014A Division JP2008305803A (ja) | 2001-04-10 | 2008-07-22 | 亜鉛/空気電池 |
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JP2004536422A JP2004536422A (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
JP2004536422A5 JP2004536422A5 (ja) | 2008-09-11 |
JP4294323B2 true JP4294323B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
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JP2008189014A Ceased JP2008305803A (ja) | 2001-04-10 | 2008-07-22 | 亜鉛/空気電池 |
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AT (2) | ATE349079T1 (ja) |
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BR (1) | BR0208821B1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE60221996T2 (ja) |
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- 2002-04-09 CN CNB2006101155185A patent/CN100444460C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-09 CN CNB028097386A patent/CN1290222C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US6830847B2 (en) | 2004-12-14 |
AU2002256115A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 |
DE60216982T2 (de) | 2007-10-18 |
BR0208821B1 (pt) | 2012-01-24 |
ATE371275T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
BR0208821A (pt) | 2006-02-21 |
WO2002084761A2 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
EP1430562A2 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
EP1513216B1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
CN1897348A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
JP2008305803A (ja) | 2008-12-18 |
DE60221996D1 (de) | 2007-10-04 |
US20020192545A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
EP1430562B1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
CN100444460C (zh) | 2008-12-17 |
EP1513216A1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
JP2004536422A (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
DE60216982D1 (de) | 2007-02-01 |
CN1290222C (zh) | 2006-12-13 |
ATE349079T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
DE60221996T2 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
WO2002084761A3 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
CN1554134A (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
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