JP4220395B2 - 椎間インプラント - Google Patents

椎間インプラント Download PDF

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JP4220395B2
JP4220395B2 JP2003569090A JP2003569090A JP4220395B2 JP 4220395 B2 JP4220395 B2 JP 4220395B2 JP 2003569090 A JP2003569090 A JP 2003569090A JP 2003569090 A JP2003569090 A JP 2003569090A JP 4220395 B2 JP4220395 B2 JP 4220395B2
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intervertebral implant
implant according
hole
head
longitudinal
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JP2005517492A (ja
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マシュー、クラウド
チェイン、クリス、エム.、ジェイ.
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Synthes GmbH
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Stratec Medical AG
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/4465Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages having a circular or kidney shaped cross-section substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spine
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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    • A61B17/8052Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30593Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for hollow
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Description

本発明は特許請求の範囲第1項の前文に記載の椎間インプラントに関する。
英国特許GB−A−2207607(特許文献1)より、多数の円筒形の穴とともに馬蹄状の形態を有するかかる種類の椎間インプラントが周知である。それらの穴は内部が滑らかに形成されており、その中に導入される骨ねじの頭部用のストッパのみを有する。この構造の不利点は、その中に導入される固定ねじがその骨内の軸でのみ固定されうるが、それによって馬蹄状の椎間インプラントとの剛性の結合が得られないということである。骨内のねじ軸の固定が弱まるとすぐに、椎間インプラントはねじに対して動きやすくなり、血管を危険にさらしつつ骨ねじが移動する傾向がある。さらに、椎間インプラントの緩みは、偽関節を来たすことがある。
従来技術の上記の議論は、発明の背景を説明するためにのみ行われ、引用された従来技術が本出願またはその優先権の時点でも実際に刊行され、または公知であったことを意味するものではない。
英国特許第GB−A−2207607号
この点で本発明により是正措置が取られる。本発明の課題は、骨固定手段により剛性の結合を成立させ、骨構造が弱体化した場合でも椎間インプラントと骨固定手段との間に緩み生じない椎間インプラントを提供することである。
本発明により上記課題は請求項1の特徴を有する椎間インプラントで解決される。
本発明によって達成される利点は、実質的に椎間インプラントと長手方向の固定要素との間の剛性の、もしくは強固な結合によって生じる。実質的には、剛性の結合を実現するために2種類の構造が可能である。
第1の構造では、穴の少なくとも1つが雌ねじを有する。その結果、ねじ頭を有する対応する骨ねじがインプラントと剛性に締められうる。
第2の構造では、三次元本体の前面において椎間インプラントの水平中央面に対して垂直に配置されたフロントプレートが付着されており、それを通じて穴が通り抜け、長手方向の固定要素が固定可能となっている。これは、分離された操作ステップにおいてフロントプレートが植込まれる従来技術による2つの部分から成るインプラントに対して、椎間インプラントの植込みがシングルステップであると同時に、容易かつ迅速に実行可能であるという利点を有する。別の利点は、それによって椎間インプラントの固定が可能な限り椎体の前面、すなわち通常、十分な骨材が存在する箇所で行われるという点にある。その結果、前部の移動の制限が得られ、それによって従来技術による椎間インプラントでの場合に比べ周辺の構造に対する大きな危険が生じることはない。負荷は椎間インプラントによって圧縮下に依然として受け入れられ、フロントプレートまたは固定ねじによっては受け入れられない。
別の実施形態では、三次元本体にフロントプレートは可動式に配置されており、三次元構造物に対して垂直線で移動可能である。それによって、治癒過程中の椎間インプラントへの終板の漸進的な適合を可能にする「ストレスシールディング」(機械的応力の保護、もしくは無力化)が達成される。
さらに別の実施形態では、別の材料によるフロントプレートが三次元本体として製造されている。
さらに別の実施形態では、少なくとも1つの穴が下面に対してテーパ状に縮小し、そのため骨ねじが対応する円錐頭部とその中で剛性に固定されうる。円錐形の穴は、結果として生じる摩擦角よりも小さい円錐角を有することが好ましい。円錐形の穴にテーパ角は、1:3.75〜1:20.00、好ましくは、1:5〜1:15であることが適切である。
さらに別の実施形態では、椎間インプラントの側面は実質的にすべて凸状に形成されている。
椎間インプラントの上面および/または下面は平面ではなく、好ましくは凸状に形成されていることが適切である。それによって隣接した椎体の終板への良好な適合を達成することができる。
穴は椎間インプラントの左右の側面を貫通しないことが好ましい。前面も穴から横断されないことが有利である。
さらに別の好ましい実施形態では、穴の少なくとも2つが平行に走っている。それによって植込み時の椎間インプラントの導入が容易化される。
別の好ましい実施形態では、穴の少なくとも2つが前面から見ると分岐して走っている。それによって、その中心に比べて良好な骨の質を示す椎体の範囲へ骨ねじで達せられる。水平の中央面に対する穴の軸は、25°〜70°、好ましくは35°〜55°の範囲の角度を有することが適切である。それによって、ねじの取入れ時の良好な通路が得られる。
さらに別の実施形態では、水平の中央面は穴によって突き通されない。
状況に応じて、2つ、3つ、4つもしくはそれ以上の長手方向の固定要素を剛性に椎間インプラントと結合することができ、少なくとも1つの固定要素が椎間インプラントの上面を、少なくとも1つの固定要素がその下面を突き通すことが適切である。
長手方向の固定要素は、頭部と軸を有する骨ねじの形で使用されることが好ましく、ここで頭部は、椎間インプラントの穴の雌ねじに対応する雄ねじを備えていることが好ましい。第2の可能な剛性の結合方法では、骨ねじを使用できることが好ましく、ここで頭部は軸に対してテーパ状に縮小し、頭部の円錐角が椎間インプラントの穴の円錐角に対応する。
さらに別の実施形態では、少なくとも2つの長手方向の固定要素が上面を、少なくとも2つの長手方向の固定要素が下面を突き通す。それによって、椎間インプラントは隣接した椎体への最適な固定が得られる。
骨ねじとして形成された長手方向の固定要素は、自己貫通し、かつ自己切断する雄ねじを有することが好ましい。長手方向の固定要素は、好ましくはトロカールの形でビットを備えているねじのない円筒形のピンとしても形成されうる。
別の変形は、長手方向の固定要素がコイルバネとして形成されており、最終的に長手方向の固定要素は単一または複数の翼を有するコイルブレードとしても形成されうる。
さらに別の実施形態では、長手方向の固定要素の先端部は椎間インプラントの本体内に固定可能であるため、長手方向の固定要素の頭部は隣接した椎体内に固定可能である。
さらに別の実施形態では、長手方向の固定要素の頭部は拡大された直径を有し、さらに椎体への設置のために規定されている頭部用の受け板が備えられている。
椎間インプラントは、何らかの生体適合性材料で製造することができるが、本体は生体適合性プラスチック、好ましくは非強化プラスチックから成ることが適切である。インプラント学において周知のファイバー強化プラスチックに対する利点は、臨床的に不利である強化ファイバーが曝露されないことにある。非強化プラスチックから成るかかる本体では、その雄ねじが11°〜14°、好ましくは12°〜13°の範囲の負荷ねじ山角を有する骨ねじが使用できることが適切である。負荷ねじ山に比較的小さな傾斜は高い締付け力をひき起こし、それによってプラスチックの半径方向の伸びおよびひび割れの危険が削減される。骨ねじの雄ねじは、6°〜10°、好ましくは7°〜9°の範囲の傾斜角を有することが適切である。この特殊な傾斜角によりねじ内の自己締付けが生じるとともに、単独の緩みに対して骨ねじを確保する。
プラスチック本体内の骨ねじの固定を改善するために、穴は雌ねじを有する金属チューブでありうる。椎間インプラントは、部分的にのみプラスチックから成り、穴の範囲では金属から成ることもできる。それによって、椎間インプラントにおける導入および固定の改善がひっくるめて達成される。
さらに別の実施形態では、穴は、金属の長手方向の固定要素のねじ頭が刻み目を付けられ、成形されうる平滑な雌ねじを有しうる。
以下、本発明および本発明の改良を2つの実施例の部分的な概略図を用いてさらに詳しく説明する。
図1〜図4に示されている椎間インプラントは、その両方が2つの隣接した椎体の終板への設置のために規定されている凸状に湾曲した上面1と、同じく凸状に湾曲した下面2とを有する三次元本体10から成る。良好な固定のために、上面1および下面2は構造化されうるとともに、溝、リブ、または歯を備えることができ、またはざらざらにされた上面のみを有しうる。
三次元本体10は、さらに左側面3および右側面4のほか、前面5および後面6を有する。本体10は、中空でも形成されうるとともに、その被覆面はミシン目を備えることができる。
本体10は、長手方向の固定要素20を受入れるために適している本体10を貫通する複数の穴9を備えている。4つのかかる穴9が存在することが好ましい。
穴9の軸19は、上面1と下面2との間に配置されている水平の中央面7を切離す。
穴9の少なくとも1つは、その中に受入れられた長手方向の固定要素20が剛性に椎間インプラントと結合可能であるように形成されている。このために穴9は円錐形に形成されている。
固定要素20は、好ましくは、頭部21および先端部22を有する骨ねじである。頭部21は軸23に対してテーパ状に短縮し、ここで頭部21のテーパ角は穴9のテーパ角に対応する。さらに4つの穴9は、雌ねじ11を有する。
図5〜7に示されている変形では、三次元本体10はその前面5において、その中で固定要素20が固定されうる好ましくは金属の挿入物8を有する。この場合、挿入物8は三次元本体10内で垂直方向に可動式に配置されている。
挿入された骨ねじとともに椎間インプラントの部分的な切断面を示す透視図である。 図1による椎間インプラントを示す正面図である。 図1による椎間インプラントを示す側面図である。 図1による椎間インプラントを示す俯瞰図である。 部分的な切断面を示す前面挿入物とともに椎間インプラントを示す正面図である。 図5による椎間インプラントを通じて示された垂直方向の縦断面図である。 図5による椎間インプラントを通じて示された水平方向の横断面図である。
符号の説明
1 上面 2 下面
3 左側面 4 右側面
5 前面 6 後面
7 中央面 8 フロントプレート
9 穴 10 三次元本体
11 雌ねじ 19 軸
20 固定要素 21 頭部
22 先端部 23 軸
25 雄ねじ

Claims (34)

  1. 三次元本体(10)の形の椎間インプラントであって、
    A)2つの隣接した椎体の終板への設置に適した上面(1)および下面(2)と、
    B)左側面(3)および右側面(4)と、
    C)前面(5)および後面(6)と、
    D)前記上面(1)と前記下面(2)との間に位置する水平の中央面(7)と、
    E)長手方向の固定要素(20)を受入れるために適しており、かつ前記水平の中央面(7)を切離す軸(19)を含む本体(10)を貫通する複数の穴(9)と
    を有し、ここで
    F)前記穴(9)の少なくとも1つが、その中に受入れられた前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が剛性に椎間インプラントと結合可能であるように形成されている前記椎間インプラントにおいて、
    G)前記三次元本体(10)がその前面(5)において前記水平の中央面(7)に対して垂直に配置され、挿入物として形成されるフロントプレート(8)を有し、その中を前記穴(9)が貫通し、かつその中で前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が固定可能であることを特徴とする椎間インプラント。
  2. 前記三次元本体(10)内の前記フロントプレート(8)が前記中央面(7)に対して垂直に可動式に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の椎間インプラント。
  3. 前記フロントプレート(8)が前記三次元本体(10)と別の材料で製造されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の椎間インプラント。
  4. 前記フロントプレート(8)が金属製であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の椎間インプラント。
  5. 前記穴(9)の少なくとも1つが雌ねじ(11)を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  6. 少なくとも1つの前記穴(9)が前記下面(2)に対してテーパ状に縮小することを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インブラント。
  7. 円錐形の前記穴(9)が、結果として生じる摩擦角よりも小さい円錐角を有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の椎間インプラント。
  8. 円錐形の前記穴(9)のテーパ角が1:3.75〜1:20.00、好ましくは、1:5〜1:15であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の椎間インプラント。
  9. その各側面(1、2、3、4、5、6)が実質的にすべて凸状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  10. 前記上面(1)および/または前記下面(2)が平坦ではなく、凸状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  11. 前記穴(9)が、前記左側面(3)および前記右側面(4)を突き通さないことを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  12. 前記穴(9)の少なくとも2つが平行に走っていることを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  13. 前記穴(9)の少なくとも2つが前記前面(1)から見ると分岐して走っていることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  14. 前記穴(9)の軸(19)が前記水平の中央面(7)に対して25゜〜70゜、好ましくは35゜〜55゜の範囲の角度を含めることを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  15. 前記穴(9)が前記水平の中央面(7)を突き通さないことを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  16. 頭部(21)と先端部(22)とともに前記穴(9)に導入される少なくとも2つの長手方向の固定要素(20)を有する、請求項1〜15のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラントにおいて、少なくとも1つの前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が前記上面(1)を、少なくとも1つの前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が前記下面(20)を突き通すことを特徴とする椎間インプラント。
  17. 前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が前記頭部(21)および軸(23)を有する骨ねじとして形成されていることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の椎間インプラント。
  18. 前記頭部(21)が、前記穴(9)の前記雌ねじ(11)と対応している雄ねじ(24)を備えていることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の椎間インプラント。
  19. 前記頭部(21)が前記軸(23)に対してテーパ状に短縮し、ここで前記頭部(21)のテーパ角が前記穴(9)のテーパ角に対応することを特徴とする請求項17または18に記載の椎間インプラント。
  20. 少なくとも2つの前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が前記上面(1)を、少なくとも2つの前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が前記下面を突き通すことを特徴とする請求項1619のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  21. 前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が、その軸が自己貫通し、かつ自己切断する雄ねじ(25)を備えている骨ねじとして形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1620のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  22. 前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が、トロカールの形でビットを備えているねじのない円筒型のピンとしても形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1621のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  23. 前記長手方向の固定要素(20)がコイルバネとして形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1621のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  24. 前記長手方向の固定要素(20)が単一または複数の翼を有するコイルブレードとして形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1621のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  25. 前記長手方向の固定要素(20)の前記先端部(22)が前記本体(10)内に固定可能であるため、前記長手方向の固定要素(20)の前記頭部(21)が隣接した椎体内に固定可能であることを特徴とする請求項1624のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  26. 前記長手方向の固定要素(20)の前記頭部(21)が拡大された直径を有し、椎体への設置のために適している前記頭部(21)用の受け板(30)が備えられていることを特徴とする請求項25に記載の椎間インプラント。
  27. 前記本体(10)がプラスチックから成ることを特徴とする請求項1626のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  28. 前記骨ねじ(20)の前記雄ねじ(25)が、11°〜14°、好ましくは12°〜13°の範囲の負荷ねじ山角を有することを特徴とする請求項27に記載の椎間インプラント。
  29. 前記骨ねじの前記雄ねじ(25)が、6°〜10°、好ましくは7°〜9°の範囲の傾斜角を有することを特徴とする請求項1628のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  30. 前記穴(9)が前記雌ねじ(11)を有する金属チューブであることを特徴とする請求項1〜29のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  31. 部分的にプラスチックから成り、かつ前記穴(9)の範囲では金属から成ることを特徴とする請求項1〜30のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  32. 前記穴(9)が、金属の前記長手方向の固定要素(20)のねじ頭が刻み目を付けられ、又は成形されうる平滑な雌ねじを有することを特徴とする請求項2731のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  33. 前記上面(1)および下面(2)が構造化を歯の形で備えられていることを特徴とする請求項1〜32のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
  34. その被覆面が、ミシン目が備えられている中空本体として形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜33のいずれか1つに記載の椎間インプラント。
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US10492922B2 (en) 2019-12-03
US20200060844A1 (en) 2020-02-27
US20110118843A1 (en) 2011-05-19
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US20050177236A1 (en) 2005-08-11
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US20120109310A1 (en) 2012-05-03
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US20120109312A1 (en) 2012-05-03
US20120109313A1 (en) 2012-05-03
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US20170143509A1 (en) 2017-05-25

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