JP2958242B2 - 炭化水素の水蒸気改質方法 - Google Patents
炭化水素の水蒸気改質方法Info
- Publication number
- JP2958242B2 JP2958242B2 JP6202443A JP20244394A JP2958242B2 JP 2958242 B2 JP2958242 B2 JP 2958242B2 JP 6202443 A JP6202443 A JP 6202443A JP 20244394 A JP20244394 A JP 20244394A JP 2958242 B2 JP2958242 B2 JP 2958242B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- steam reforming
- nickel
- copper
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011021 bench scale process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1011—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
- C01B2203/1011—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements
- C01B2203/1017—Packed bed of catalytic structures, e.g. particles, packing elements characterised by the form of the structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
- C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1082—Composition of support materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1247—Higher hydrocarbons
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Description
による水素および/または一酸化炭素富化ガスの製造に
関する。より詳しくは、本発明は炭化水素供給源の水蒸
気改質に使用する銅含有ニッケル改質触媒に関する。
公知の製造方法においては、炭化水素および水蒸気およ
び/または二酸化炭素の混合物を、高温、高圧下に活性
触媒成分として主としてニッケルからなる触媒が充填さ
れた反応器に通過させる。
て、例えば天然ガス、製油所オフガス、プロパン、ナフ
サおよび液化石油ガスが挙げられる。メタンを例にとる
と、生じる反応は以下の式で示される。
気改質に続いての凝縮および気液分離処理によって加工
する。次いで、主として水からなる液体プロセス凝縮物
を水蒸気発生用のボイラーを介して水蒸気改質部分に再
循環のために戻す。
多くのプラントにおいては水溶性成分および塩の除去処
理に付さなければならない。この目的のために、凝縮物
を代表的にはイオン交換樹脂を使用して操作する脱塩装
置に通過させる。
点はプロセス凝縮物、特に一定地域からの天然ガス等の
高い窒素含有量を有する供給源の水蒸気改質からの凝縮
物を精製する際に生じる。
気改質触媒床を通過させると (4) N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 の反応により水素と反応してアンモニアとなる。粗生成
物ガス中のアンモニアは、ガスの処理の際にほぼ定量的
にプロセス凝縮物中に除去される。プロセス凝縮物中の
300ppmまでの量のアンモニアは、天然ガスの水蒸
気改質からの粗生成ガスを処理する際には通常の範囲で
ある。
凝縮物の脱塩に使用される高価なイオン交換材料の再生
または更新を頻繁に必要とし、これは水蒸気改質法の操
作に不便である。
率に悪影響を及ぼすことなしに炭化水素の水蒸気改質に
おいてアンモニアの生成を防ぐことが本発明の主要な目
的である。
水蒸気改質触媒中に銅を含有させると窒素含有炭化水素
供給源の水蒸気改質において望ましくないアンモニアの
生成が激減することを新たに見出した。銅はニッケル触
媒の触媒活性を若干減少させるが、触媒はなおも水蒸気
改質に対して十分有効な活性を有している。
は、アンモニアの生成を減じながら、窒素含有炭素質供
給源を接触水蒸気改質する方法において、供給源を触媒
中のニッケルの量に基づいて計算して0.001〜10
重量%の量の銅を更に含有する担持ニッケル触媒と接触
させる方法に関する。
ニッケルおよび銅含有水溶液に含浸し、含浸された材料
を空気中で焼成する方法を含む当該技術分野に従来使用
されているいずれかの方法で製造できる。 別の方法
は、担体材料の可溶性の塩、ニッケル、銅の共沈であ
る。適した塩は、空気中で加熱すると金属酸化物を生成
する塩化物、硝酸塩、炭酸塩、酢酸塩およびシュウ酸塩
である。
チタニア、シリカ、ジルコニア、べリリア、トリア、ラ
ンタニア、酸化カルシウムおよびこれらの化合物または
混合物からなる群より選択される。好ましい材料は、ア
ルミナまたはマグネシウムアルミニウムスピネルであ
る。
の含有量およびプロセス凝縮物中で許容されるアンモニ
アの量に依存する。全触媒重量に基づいて計算して0.
1〜0.5重量%の銅の濃度で通常アンモニア生成の十
分な抑制が提供され、その結果プロセス凝縮物中50p
pm未満のアンモニア濃度となる。ニッケル−銅触媒は
通常管状改質反応器中で固定床として配置される。
物中許容されるアンモニア濃度に依存して、従来のニッ
ケル水蒸気改質触媒の固形床中に副層(sublaye
r)として、ニッケル−銅触媒を配置することで十分で
あろう。従って、ニッケル−銅触媒層は触媒床の25〜
75%を構成するのが好ましい。
酸塩の水溶液で含浸することによって、15重量%のニ
ッケルを含み、銅の含有量を変えた一連のニッケル/銅
触媒サンプルを調製した。含浸担体を最終的に空気中で
焼成することによって硝酸塩を酸化物に分解した。
素との等量の流動混合物中で800℃に加熱する際に活
性化した。活性化の際に、担体に担持されたニッケル/
銅酸化物を金属状態に還元した。工業的な操作の際に触
媒の焼結を考慮するために温度を800℃でさらに15
0時間保持する。
取り出し、そして以下の条件下でのメタン水蒸気改質お
よびアンモニア合成に関する固有活性の測定に先だって
より小さい粒径に破砕した。
を650℃で拡散制限し(diffusion res
triction)、従って表1に示した活性は、周知
のアレニウスグラフ(Arrhenius grap
h)により低温で得られた活性の外挿により得られた。
を、さらに工業的操作をシュミレーションする高圧下で
ダウンフローで操作されるメタン水蒸気改質べンチース
ケール反応器中で試験した。
た。触媒床の頂部25%は、両方の試験においてハルド
ール・トプサ−社(デンマーク)製の従来のニッケル水
蒸気改質触媒R−67Rで充填した。試験を以下の条件
下で行った。 触媒サイズ mm 3.4〜5.0 触媒量 g 95.0 温度 入口/出口 ℃ 500/865 圧力 バール 18.6 供給ガス組成 N1/時 CH4 109.0 H2O 325.0 H2 2.5 N2 3.7 観察されたアンモニア生成に関する結果を表2に示す。
2種類の異なる触媒の性能はこれ以外は相違がなかっ
た。 表2 ベンチースケールメタン水蒸気改質の際のアンモニア生成 プロセス凝縮物中のアンモニア(重量ppm) 処理時間 ニッケル触媒 銅/ニッケル触媒 20 325 140 100 310 100 200 230 85 300 255 75 400 235 70 450 230 65
Claims (4)
- 【請求項1】 アンモニアの生成を減じながら、窒素含
有炭化水素供給源を接触水蒸気改質する方法において、
供給源を触媒中のニッケルの量に基づいて計算して0.
001〜10重量%の量の銅を更に含有する担持ニッケ
ル触媒と接触させる上記方法。 - 【請求項2】 触媒中の銅の量が全触媒重量に基づい
て計算して0.03〜0.50重量%である請求項1の
方法。 - 【請求項3】 銅含有ニッケル触媒が通例のニッケル水
蒸気改質触媒の固定床中に副層として配置される請求項
1の方法。 - 【請求項4】 副層が全触媒床の25%〜75%を構成
する請求項3の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK199300974A DK174087B1 (da) | 1993-08-27 | 1993-08-27 | Fremgangsmåde til dampreforming af nitrogenholdige carbonhydrider med reduceret dannelse af ammoniak |
DK0974/93 | 1993-08-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH07144902A JPH07144902A (ja) | 1995-06-06 |
JP2958242B2 true JP2958242B2 (ja) | 1999-10-06 |
Family
ID=8099599
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6202443A Expired - Lifetime JP2958242B2 (ja) | 1993-08-27 | 1994-08-26 | 炭化水素の水蒸気改質方法 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5498404A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0640560B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2958242B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR0124987B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU673451B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2130953C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69407692T2 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK174087B1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2111811T3 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO311207B1 (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ264308A (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2132228C1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA946517B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1013603A1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2000-06-28 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Process for catalytical steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock |
FR2795339B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-09-21 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Catalyseur et procede de reformage de l'ethanol ainsi que systeme de pile a combustible les utilisant |
US6376114B1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2002-04-23 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Reformate fuel treatment system for a fuel cell power plant |
JP4568448B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-30 | 2010-10-27 | 出光興産株式会社 | 水素製造プラントおよび水素製造方法 |
CA2511018A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
US7744849B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2010-06-29 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Platinum-alkali/alkaline-earth catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
US7160534B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2007-01-09 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Platinum-free ruthenium-cobalt catalyst formulations for hydrogen generation |
CN1729050A (zh) * | 2002-12-20 | 2006-02-01 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 用于氢产生的含铂-钌催化剂配方 |
AU2003297472A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Alkali-containing catalyst formulations for low and medium temperature hydrogen generation |
WO2004058396A2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-15 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Methods for the preparation of catalysts for hydrogen generation |
JP4648004B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2011-03-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 水素生成用の貴金属を含まないニッケル触媒配合物 |
CN1729051A (zh) * | 2002-12-20 | 2006-02-01 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 用于氢产生的含有铂和铑和/或铁的催化剂配方 |
EP1454671A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-08 | Karsten Pedersen | A catalyst for use in production of hydrogen by conversion of organic matter in water |
JP4607715B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-06 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 触媒及び触媒の製造方法 |
JP4706857B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-30 | 2011-06-22 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 金属カルボニルを除去する触媒、水素を含む混合改質ガスを製造する方法、金属カルボニルを除去する方法、燃料電池システム |
US7695708B2 (en) | 2007-03-26 | 2010-04-13 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Catalytic steam reforming with recycle |
JP4665044B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-04-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 燃料改質用触媒、改質器及び燃料電池システム |
JP5812253B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-27 | 2015-11-11 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 炭化水素を分解する触媒及び燃料電池システム |
WO2013042314A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | 水素含有ガスの生成方法および燃料電池システムの運転方法 |
EP3095760A1 (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2016-11-23 | Casale SA | A method for increasing the capacity of an ammonia plant |
RU2650495C1 (ru) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-04-16 | Акционерное общество "Ангарский завод катализаторов и органического синтеза" (АО "АЗКиОС") | Катализатор для паровой конверсии углеводородов |
GB202012613D0 (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-09-30 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Steam reforming |
GB202012614D0 (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-09-30 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Steam reforming |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1032754A (en) * | 1962-12-17 | 1966-06-15 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the steam reforming of hydrocarbons and catalysts therefor |
GB1045616A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1966-10-12 | Gas Council | Improvements in or relating to the production of combustible gases |
FR1433595A (fr) * | 1965-02-17 | 1966-04-01 | Azote Office Nat Ind | Perfectionnements aux catalyseurs de reformage des hydrocarbures pétroliers par la vapeur |
US4000987A (en) * | 1973-02-03 | 1977-01-04 | Japan Gasoline Co., Ltd. | Low-temperature steam reforming process for hydrocarbons |
US4000988A (en) * | 1973-06-20 | 1977-01-04 | Japan Gasoline Co., Ltd. | Low-temperature steam reforming process for hydrocarbons |
US4073750A (en) * | 1976-05-20 | 1978-02-14 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Method for preparing a highly dispersed supported nickel catalyst |
GB8308343D0 (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1983-05-05 | Ici Plc | Steam reforming |
GB8728882D0 (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1988-01-27 | Ici Plc | Hydrogen |
US5026536A (en) * | 1988-12-20 | 1991-06-25 | Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. | Hydrogen production from hydrocarbon |
JPH0312301A (ja) * | 1989-06-07 | 1991-01-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | メタノールの改質方法 |
JP2659836B2 (ja) * | 1989-12-28 | 1997-09-30 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | メタノールの改質方法 |
JP2738975B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-02 | 1998-04-08 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | メタノールの改質方法 |
JP2851406B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-02 | 1999-01-27 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | メタノール改質用触媒 |
JPH0567336A (ja) * | 1992-02-04 | 1993-03-19 | Brother Ind Ltd | 光記録媒体および光記録装置 |
-
1993
- 1993-08-27 DK DK199300974A patent/DK174087B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-07-27 ES ES94111699T patent/ES2111811T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-27 EP EP94111699A patent/EP0640560B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-27 DE DE69407692T patent/DE69407692T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-24 US US08/295,285 patent/US5498404A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-25 NO NO19943145A patent/NO311207B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-25 AU AU71473/94A patent/AU673451B2/en not_active Expired
- 1994-08-25 NZ NZ264308A patent/NZ264308A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-26 CA CA002130953A patent/CA2130953C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-26 KR KR1019940021186A patent/KR0124987B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-26 JP JP6202443A patent/JP2958242B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-26 ZA ZA946517A patent/ZA946517B/xx unknown
- 1994-08-26 RU RU94031156A patent/RU2132228C1/ru active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ264308A (en) | 1996-03-26 |
DK97493D0 (da) | 1993-08-27 |
JPH07144902A (ja) | 1995-06-06 |
AU673451B2 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
CA2130953A1 (en) | 1995-02-28 |
NO311207B1 (no) | 2001-10-29 |
EP0640560B1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
NO943145L (no) | 1995-02-28 |
ZA946517B (en) | 1995-03-28 |
CA2130953C (en) | 2002-07-30 |
DK97493A (da) | 1995-02-28 |
NO943145D0 (no) | 1994-08-25 |
DE69407692T2 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
EP0640560A1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
DE69407692D1 (de) | 1998-02-12 |
KR950005962A (ko) | 1995-03-20 |
DK174087B1 (da) | 2002-06-03 |
AU7147394A (en) | 1995-03-09 |
KR0124987B1 (ko) | 1997-11-27 |
ES2111811T3 (es) | 1998-03-16 |
RU2132228C1 (ru) | 1999-06-27 |
US5498404A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
RU94031156A (ru) | 1996-08-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2958242B2 (ja) | 炭化水素の水蒸気改質方法 | |
FI71676C (fi) | Aongreformation utnyttjande jaernoxidkatalysator. | |
Dong et al. | Methane reforming over Ni/Ce-ZrO2 catalysts: effect of nickel content | |
EP0737163B1 (en) | Process for the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons | |
KR101455416B1 (ko) | 일산화탄소 전환용 촉매 및 이를 이용한 일산화탄소 변성 방법 | |
EP1134187A9 (en) | Process for the production of hydrogen | |
Seshan et al. | Carbon dioxide reforming of methane in the presence of nickel and platinum catalysts supported on ZrO2 | |
FI72273B (fi) | Autotermisk reformerande katalysator och reformeringsfoerfarande. | |
EP0737164A1 (en) | A process for the preparation of carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen | |
US3388074A (en) | Two-stage steam reforming with rapid warm-up in first stage by means of a promoted catalyst | |
JP2005510437A (ja) | 酸化炭化水素からの低温水素生成 | |
BRPI0915369B1 (pt) | Processo para enriquecimento do gás síntese em hidrogênio e uso de um catalisador contendo os óxidos de zinco e alumínio | |
RU2344990C2 (ru) | Катализатор и способ обработки синтез-газа | |
CN116490456B (zh) | 蒸汽重整 | |
US20070183968A1 (en) | Water-gas shift and reforming catalyst and method of reforming alcohol | |
US20230242397A1 (en) | Steam reforming | |
US4034062A (en) | Removal of oxygen from gas stream with copper catalyst | |
Ozkan et al. | Methanol oxidation over nonprecious transition metal oxide catalysts | |
JPH11179204A (ja) | 一酸化炭素及び二酸化炭素を含有するガスのメタン化触媒及びその製造方法 | |
JPH07187605A (ja) | 低級炭化水素燃料の改質方法 | |
Janssen | The use of thermal analysis techniques in heterogeneous catalysis | |
Yeboah et al. | Thermal analysis of spent steam-reforming catalysts | |
KR19980013641A (ko) | 혐기성 미생물 배출가스로부터 촉매처리에 의해 수소 및 일산화탄소를 회수하는 방법 | |
RU2211081C1 (ru) | Способ очистки водородсодержащей газовой смеси от оксида углерода | |
JPS637842A (ja) | メタノ−ル改質用触媒 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 19980317 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080723 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090723 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100723 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110723 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110723 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120723 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120723 Year of fee payment: 13 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130723 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |