JP4706857B2 - 金属カルボニルを除去する触媒、水素を含む混合改質ガスを製造する方法、金属カルボニルを除去する方法、燃料電池システム - Google Patents
金属カルボニルを除去する触媒、水素を含む混合改質ガスを製造する方法、金属カルボニルを除去する方法、燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4706857B2 JP4706857B2 JP2006149941A JP2006149941A JP4706857B2 JP 4706857 B2 JP4706857 B2 JP 4706857B2 JP 2006149941 A JP2006149941 A JP 2006149941A JP 2006149941 A JP2006149941 A JP 2006149941A JP 4706857 B2 JP4706857 B2 JP 4706857B2
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- catalyst
- nickel
- metal carbonyl
- carbonyl
- copper
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 104
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 82
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 82
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 title claims description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 title 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 102
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 31
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 22
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CuO Inorganic materials [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FQNHWXHRAUXLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;tungsten Chemical group [W].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] FQNHWXHRAUXLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940087654 iron carbonyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 naphtha Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ru+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GTCKPGDAPXUISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/892—Nickel and noble metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/084—Y-type faujasite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/12—Noble metals
- B01J29/126—Y-type faujasite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/51—Spheres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0221—Coating of particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Description
なお、銅は金属状態、酸化物状態のいずれであっても良い。
本発明に係る銅や粘土鉱物若しくは活性金属を担持した粘土鉱物を存在させた改質触媒を用いることで金属カルボニルを“その場”で除去する効果が優れる理由は未だ明らかではないが、本発明者は次のように推定している。
Mg(NO3)2・6H2O 75.3gとAl(NO3)3・9H2O 28.3g、Ni(NO3)2・6H2O 9.0gを溶解させた金属溶解溶液600mlと、NaOH 58ml(14mol/L濃度)とNaCO3 9.6gを溶解させた400mlのアルカリ混合溶液を用意した。このアルカリ混合溶液に前記マグネシウム塩、アルミニウム塩、ニッケル塩との混合溶液を加え、90℃で5.5時間熟成を行って含水複水酸化物を得た。これを濾別分離し、乾燥して、粉末を得た。3mmΦに成形後、さらに熱処理した後、還元処理を行ってニッケル触媒(ビーズ状)を得た。
別に、3mmΦのアルミナビーズに硝酸銅を用いて、銅を金属換算で10.6wt%スプレー担持させ、400℃にて1h熱処理した。
この銅を担持したアルミナビーズを上記ニッケル触媒に対して20wt%混合した触媒を用意した。このとき、ニッケル触媒ビーズに対して、銅を担持したアルミナビーズがなるべく均一に散在するようよく混ぜ合わせた。このとき、触媒中の銅はニッケルに対して重量比で金属換算にて20.4%であった。
上記混合後の触媒を用いて、水蒸気改質反応での触媒活性評価を行った。触媒ビーズを10cc用いて流通反応装置において、純メタンガスをGHSV=3,000h−1で流し、温度500〜700℃、S/C=3での水蒸気改質反応を行った。いずれの温度においても化学平衡のガス組成値であり、700℃では、水素76.7vol%、メタン0.6vol%、二酸化炭素10.5vol%、一酸化炭素12.2vol%の水素を含む混合ガスであった。
上記の作業に引き続き、水蒸気改質反応を700℃で3時間行った。その後、窒素パージして降温し、100℃とした。次いで650℃、S/C=3での水蒸気改質反応の化学平衡ガス組成の混合ガスをGHSV=1000h−1にて30分間流した。反応管をバルブで封止して100℃にて1時間保持し、その後、室温まで降温して反応管を取り外した。3日間静置した後、ニッケルカルボニル生成量の定量分析を行った結果、検出下限値未満であり、十分な除去効果が得られたことを確認した。
実施例1の銅担持アルミナビーズの代わりに、酸化銅、酸化亜鉛、アルミナの混合物からなり、それぞれが重量対比45、45、10(銅含有量は金属銅換算35.9wt%)とである成形体を用意した。また別に、Pdを金属換算で0.5wt%担持したY型ゼオライトを直径1mm、高さ2〜3mmの成形体として用意した。担持されたPdの金属サイズは電子顕微鏡より1.5nmであることを確認した。上記したニッケル触媒ビーズに対してPd担持Y型ゼオライトを、重量対比で15wt%用意した。また銅−亜鉛−アルミナ成形体はニッケル触媒ビーズに対して3wt%用意し、ニッケル触媒ビーズになるべく均一に散在するようよく混ぜ合わせた。Pd担持Y型ゼオライト成形体は、このニッケル触媒と銅−亜鉛−アルミナ成形体の混合物の上層及び下層部に設置した。このとき、触媒中の銅はニッケルに対して重量比で金属換算にて10.4%であった。
実施例1のニッケル触媒ビーズ50ccに対して銅金属換算0.5wt%の硝酸銅溶液及び酸化亜鉛換算0.8wt%相当の塩化亜鉛をスプレー担持した。500℃にて40分間熱処理して触媒を得た。また別に、直径1mm、高さ2〜3mmのY型ゼオライトを成形体として用意した。上記ニッケル触媒ビーズに対してY型ゼオライトを、重量対比で20wt%用意した。このとき、ニッケル触媒ビーズとY型ゼオライト成形体がなるべく均一に散在するようよく混ぜ合わせた。このとき、触媒中の銅はニッケルに対して重量比で金属換算にて4.8%であった。
12gの3mmΦのアルミナビーズに、硝酸ニッケル33.7g、硝酸マグネシウム18.2gを溶解し全量50mlとした混合溶液を含浸させ、60℃で乾燥させた後、450℃で5時間熱処理した。その後、10vol%水素/窒素ガスにて500℃で6時間還元処理して、ニッケル触媒(ビーズ状)を得た。
また、酸化銅、酸化亜鉛、アルミナの混合物からなり、それぞれが重量対比45、45、10(銅含有量は金属銅換算35.9wt%)となる成形体を用意した。これをニッケル触媒ビーズに対して0.2wt%用意した。また別に、直径1mm、高さ2〜3mmのY型ゼオライトを成形体として用意した。上記ニッケル触媒ビーズに対してY型ゼオライトを、重量対比で8wt%用意した。ニッケル触媒ビーズと銅−亜鉛−アルミナ成形体及びY型ゼオライト成形体がなるべく均一に散在するようよく混ぜ合わせた。このとき、触媒中の銅はニッケルに対して重量比で金属換算にて0.23%であった。
酸化銅、酸化亜鉛、アルミナの混合物からなり、それぞれが重量対比45、45、10(銅含有量は金属銅換算35.9wt%)となる成形体を用意した。これを実施例4記載のニッケル触媒ビーズに対して30wt%用意して、ニッケル触媒ビーズと銅−亜鉛−アルミナ成形体がなるべく均一に散在するようよく混ぜ合わせた。このとき、触媒中の銅はニッケルに対して重量比で金属換算にて34.3%であった。
20gのアルミナビーズに対してNi(NO3)2・6H2O 0.77g水溶液を含浸させ、乾燥後、450℃で1h熱処理後、さらに51g/LのRu金属を含む硝酸ルテニウム溶液1.96mlを含浸させ、乾燥後、窒素中で200℃にて0.5h熱処理した。
別に、酸化銅、酸化亜鉛、アルミナの混合物からなり、それぞれが重量対比45、45、10(銅含有量は金属銅換算35.9wt%)となる成形体を用意した。これを、上記ルテニウム・ニッケルを担持したアルミナ触媒ビーズに対して30wt%用意して、ルテニウム・ニッケルを担持したアルミナ触媒ビーズと銅−亜鉛−アルミナ成形体がなるべく均一に散在するようよく混ぜ合わせた。このとき、触媒中の銅はニッケルに対して重量比で金属換算にて200%であった。
実施例4のニッケル・マグネシウム担持アルミナビーズを用いて触媒活性評価を行った。触媒ビーズを10cc用いて、純メタンガスをGHSV=1000h−1、温度500〜700℃、S/C=3.3での水蒸気改質反応を行った結果、いずれの温度においても化学平衡のガス組成値であり、700℃では、水素76.7vol%、メタン0.6vol%、二酸化炭素10.5vol%、一酸化炭素12.2vol%の水素を含む混合ガスであった。
Claims (7)
- ニッケルを含む触媒体に対して、触媒体中のニッケルに対する金属換算の重量対比で0.001〜250%の銅を存在させることを特徴とする金属カルボニルを除去する触媒。
- 請求項1記載の触媒が酸化亜鉛を含んでいることを特徴とする金属カルボニルを除去する触媒。
- 請求項1又は2記載の触媒に対して、重量対比で1〜50%の粘土鉱物を存在させることを特徴とする金属カルボニルを除去する触媒。
- 請求項3記載の粘土鉱物に、平均粒径が50nm以下のルテニウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、白金、金、銀、パラジウム、ニッケル、コバルト、銅、鉄、亜鉛、バナジウム、マンガンから選ばれた一種又は二種以上の元素を担持させたことを特徴とする金属カルボニルを除去する触媒。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の触媒を用いて、炭化水素から水素を含む混合改質ガスを製造する方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の触媒を用いて、改質の反応場で金属カルボニルを除去する方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の触媒を用いることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。
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US11/797,499 US20070281203A1 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2007-05-03 | Catalyst for removing metal carbonyl, process for producing mixed reformed gas containing hydrogen, process for removing metal carbonyl, and fuel cells system |
EP07252007.5A EP1862217B1 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2007-05-16 | Use of Catalyst containing nickel and copper for removing metal carbonyl. |
KR1020070050735A KR101319174B1 (ko) | 2006-05-30 | 2007-05-25 | 금속 카르보닐을 제거하는 촉매, 수소를 포함하는 혼합개질 가스를 제조하는 방법, 금속 카르보닐을 제거하는방법, 연료 전지 시스템 |
US12/656,351 US20100133475A1 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2010-01-27 | Catalyst for removing metal carbonyl, process for producing mixed reformed gas containing hydrogen, process for removing metal carbonyl, and fuel cell system |
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US10814312B2 (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2020-10-27 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Desulfurizing agent for gases and gas desulfurization method |
US20220370987A1 (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-11-24 | Ihara Co., Ltd. | Catalyst for decomposition of hydrocarbons |
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2006
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KR101319174B1 (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
EP1862217A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
JP2007319737A (ja) | 2007-12-13 |
KR20070115643A (ko) | 2007-12-06 |
US20070281203A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
EP1862217B1 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
US20100133475A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
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