JP2023175678A - 非天然ヌクレオチドの組み込み及びその方法 - Google Patents
非天然ヌクレオチドの組み込み及びその方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023175678A JP2023175678A JP2023125730A JP2023125730A JP2023175678A JP 2023175678 A JP2023175678 A JP 2023175678A JP 2023125730 A JP2023125730 A JP 2023125730A JP 2023125730 A JP2023125730 A JP 2023125730A JP 2023175678 A JP2023175678 A JP 2023175678A
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- natural
- mutant
- trna
- nucleic acids
- polymerase
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- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
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- C12N9/93—Ligases (6)
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- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
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- C12N15/90—Stable introduction of foreign DNA into chromosome
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- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y601/00—Ligases forming carbon-oxygen bonds (6.1)
- C12Y601/01—Ligases forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds (6.1.1)
- C12Y601/01026—Pyrrolysine-tRNAPyl ligase (6.1.1.26)
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年7月11日出願の米国仮特許出願62/531,325号の利益を主張するものであり、当該文献は参照により全体として本明細書に組み込まれる。
別段の定めのない限り、本明細書で使用される技術用語と科学用語は全て、主張される主題が属する当該技術分野の当業者により一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を持っている。前述の一般的な説明及び以下の詳細な説明は、典型的且つ例示的なものにすぎず、請求された主題の内容を限定するものではないことを理解されたい。本出願において、単数形の使用は、特に別記しない限り複数を含む。明細書と添付の特許請求の範囲で使用されるように、単数形「a」、「an」、及び「the」は、他にその内容が明確に指示しない限り、複数の指示対象を含むということに留意しなければならない。本出願において、「又は」の使用は、特に明記しない限り、「及び/又は」を意味する。更に、用語「含むこと(including)」の使用は、「含む(include)」、「含む(includes)」、及び「含まれる(included)」といった他の形態と同じく、制限はない。
生命の情報は、4文字の遺伝子アルファベットによってコードされ、これは2つの塩基対の選択的な形成によって可能とされる:(d)G-(d)C及び(d)A-dT/U。2つの合成ヌクレオチド間に形成される第3の非天然塩基対(UBP)はこのシステムを拡張し、それにより情報記憶の可能性を増大させ、潜在的な学術的意味及び実用的意味を持つ。報告されている種々様々な合成ヌクレオチドアナログの中で幾つかは、他の天然DNA二重螺旋内で互いに安定して対になるが、ポリメラーゼによって認識されず、このことは、二重螺旋DNAにおいて安定した対を管理する力が、ポリメラーゼで媒介された複製を管理する力と同じではないことを示している。その結果、様々な手法が、複製可能なUBP、例えば、天然ヌクレオチドにより利用されない相補的な水素結合(H結合)パターンを介して相互作用するように設計されるUBP、を発達させるために取られている。天然塩基対はH結合を介して形成されるが、H結合が遺伝子情報の記憶(又は回収)の基礎となるのに十分な唯一の力であると演繹的に仮定する理由は存在しない。例えば、大腸菌DNAポリメラーゼI(Kf)のクレノウ断片が、非天然ヌクレオチドdFによりdAと対になり、そのジフルオロトルエン核酸塩基は、有意なH結合が可能でないチミンの模倣形状であることが、実証されている。このことは、DNA複製の「幾何学的な選択」機構を支持し、且つ、H結合以外の力も複製に起因することを示唆している。
核酸(例えば、本明細書では、標的核酸、標的ヌクレオチド配列、所望の核酸配列、あるいは所望の核酸領域とも呼ばれる)は、例えば、DNA、cDNA、gDNA(ゲノムDNA)、RNA、siRNA(短い阻害RNA)、RNAi、tRNA、あるいはmRNAなどの任意のソースあるいは組成物であり得、及び、任意の形態(例えば、線形、円形、スーパーコイル、一本鎖、二本鎖など)であり得る。核酸はヌクレオチド、ヌクレオシド、又はポリヌクレオチドを含み得る。核酸は天然及び非天然の核酸を含み得る。核酸はさらに、DNA又はRNAのアナログ(例えば、塩基アナログ、糖アナログ、及び/又は、非天然骨格など)などの非天然核酸を含み得る。「核酸」との用語は、ポリヌクレオチド鎖の特定の長さを指すか意味するものと理解され、したがって、ポリヌクレオチドとオリゴヌクレオチドもその定義に含まれる。典型的な天然ヌクレオチドとしては、限定されないが、ATP、UTP、CTP、GTP、ADP、UDP、CDP、GDP、AMP、UMP、CMP、GMP、dATP、dTTP、dCTP、dGTP、dADP、dTDP、dCDP、dGDP、dAMP、dTMP、dCMP、及びdGMPが挙げられる。典型的な天然デオキシリボヌクレオチドとしては、dATP、dTTP、dCTP、dGTP、dADP、dTDP、dCDP、dGDP、dAMP、dTMP、dCMP、及びdGMPが挙げられる。典型的な天然リボヌクレオチドとしては、ATP、UTP、CTP、GTP、ADP、UDP、CDP、GDP、AMP、UMP、CMP、及びGMPが挙げられる。RNAに関しては、ウラシル塩基がウリジンである。核酸はしばしば、ベクター、プラスミド、ファージ、自己複製配列(ARS)、セントロメア、人工染色体、酵母人工染色体(例えば、YAC)、又は複製するあるいは複製されることが可能な他の核酸である。非天然核酸は核酸アナログであり得る。
ヌクレオチドアナログ(すなわち、非天然ヌクレオチド)は、塩基、糖、又はリン酸塩部分のいずれかになんらかの修飾を含有するヌクレオチドを含む。修飾は化学的修飾を含み得る。修飾は、例えば、3’OΗ又は5’OΗの基、骨格、糖成分、又はヌクレオチド塩基の修飾であり得る。修飾は、非天然型リンカー分子及び/又は鎖間あるいは鎖内の架橋の追加を含み得る。一態様において、修飾された核酸は、3’OΗ又は5’OΗの基、骨格、糖成分、あるいはヌクレオチド塩基の1つ以上の修飾、及び/又は非天然型リンカー分子の追加を含む。一態様において、修飾された骨格は、ホスホジエステル骨格以外の骨格を含む。一態様において、修飾された糖は、(修飾されたDNA中の)デオキシリボース以外の、又はリボース(修飾されたRNA)以外の糖を含む。一態様において、修飾された塩基は、(修飾されたDNA中の)アデニン、グアニン、シトシン、又はチミンとは別の塩基、あるいは、(修飾されたRNA中の)アデニン、グアニン、シトシン、又はウラシルとは別の塩基を含む。
ポリメラーゼのとりわけ有益な機能は、既存の核酸を鋳型として使用して、核酸鎖の重合を触媒することである。有益な他の機能は本明細書の他の場所に記載される。有益なポリメラーゼの実施例はDNAポリメラー及びRNAポリメラーゼを含む。
Claims (23)
- 非天然アミノ酸を含有するタンパク質を産生する方法であって、該方法は、
・突然変異体tRNAを調製する工程であって、該突然変異体tRNAは表1又は2から選択される突然変異体アンチコドン配列を含む、工程;
・突然変異体mRNAを調製する工程であって、該突然変異体mRNAは表1又は2から選択される突然変異体コドン配列を含む、工程;及び
・非天然アミノ酸を含有するタンパク質を、突然変異体tRNA及び突然変異体mRNAを利用して合成する工程
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記タンパク質は無細胞翻訳系において合成される、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記タンパク質は細胞(半合成生物又はSSO)において合成される、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記半合成生物は微生物を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記半合成生物は細菌を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 前記半合成生物は大腸菌を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項3乃至5の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記突然変異体tRNAの突然変異体アンチコドンは、表1-3から選択された突然変異体コドンと対になる、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然アミノ酸は少なくとも1つの非天然ヌクレオチドを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至7の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然ヌクレオチドは非天然核酸塩基である、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至8の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然ヌクレオチドの非天然塩基は、2-アミノアデニン-9-イル、2-アミノアデニン、2-F-アデニン、2-チオウラシル、2-チオ-チミン、2-チオシトシン、アデニン及びグアニンの2-プロピル及びアルキル誘導体、2-アミノ-アデニン、2-アミノ-プロピル-アデニン、2-アミノピリジン、2-ピリドン、2’-デオキシウリジン、2-アミノ-2’-デオキシアデノシン、3-デアザグアニン、3-デアザアデニン、4-チオ-ウラシル、4-チオ-チミン、ウラシル-5-イル、ヒポキサンチン-9-イル(I)、5-メチル-シトシン、5-ヒドロキシメチルシトシン、キサンチン、ヒポキサンチン、5-ブロモ、及び5-トリフルオロメチルウラシル並びにシトシン;5-ハロウラシル、5-ハロシトシン、5-プロピニル-ウラシル、5-プロピニルシトシン、5-ウラシル、5-置換、5-ハロ、5-置換ピリミジン、5-ヒドロキシシトシン、5-ブロモシトシン、5-ブロモウラシル、5-クロロシトシン、塩素付加されたシトシン、シクロシトシン、シトシンアラビノシド、5-フルオロシトシン、フルオロピリミジン、フルオロウラシル、5,6-ジヒドロシトシン、5-ヨードシトシン、ヒドロキシ尿素、ヨードウラシル、5-ニトロシトシン、5-ブロモウラシル、5-クロロウラシル、5-フルオロウラシル、及び5-ヨードウラシル、アデニンとグアニンの6-アルキル誘導体、6-アザピリミジン、6-アゾ-ウラシル、6-アゾ-シトシン、アザシトシン、6-アゾ-チミン、6-チオ-グアニン、7-メチルグアニン、7-メチルアデニン、7-デアザグアニン、7-デアザグアノシン、7-デアザ-アデニン、7-デアザ-8-アザグアニン、8-アザグアニン、8-アザアデニン、8-ハロ、8-アミノ、8-チオール、8-チオアルキル、及び8-ヒドロキシルで置換されたアデニン並びにグアニン;N4-エチルシトシン、N-2置換プリン、N-6置換プリン、O-6置換プリン、二重形成の安定を増加させるもの、ユニバーサル核酸、疎水性核酸、乱交雑の核酸、サイズ拡張した核酸、フッ素処理した核酸、三環式ピリミジン、フェノキサジン、シチジン([5,4-b][1,4]ベンゾキサジン-2(3H)-オン、フェノチアジンシチジン(1H-ピリミド[5,4-b][1,4]ベンゾチアジン-2(3H)-オン、G-クランプ、フェノキサジンシチジン(9-(2-アミノエトキシ)-H-ピリミド[5,4-b][1,4]ベンゾキサジン-2(3H)-オン、カルバゾールシチジン(2H-ピリミド[4,5-b]インドール-2-オン)、ピリドインドールシチジン(H-ピリド[3’,2’:4,5]ピロロ[2,3-d]ピリミジン-2-オン、5-フルオロウラシル、5-ブロモウラシル、5-クロロウラシル、5-ヨードウラシル、ヒポキサンチン、キサンチン、4-アセチルシトシン、5-カルボキシヒドロキシメチルウラシル、5-カルボキシメチルアミノメチル-2-チオウリジン、5-カルボキシメチルアミノメチルウラシル、ジヒ-ドロウラシル、β-D-ガラクトシルクエオシン、イノシン、N6-イソペンテニルアデニン、1-メチルグアニン、1-メチルイノシン、2,2-ジメチルグアニン、2-メチルアデニン、2-メチルグアニン、3-メチルシトシン、5-メチルシトシン、N6-アデニン、7-メチルグアニン、5-メチルアミノメチルウラシル、5-メトキシアミノメチル-2-チオウラシル、β-D-マンノシルクエオシン、5’-メトキシカルボキシメチルウラシル、5-メトキシウラシル、2-メチルチオ-N6-イソペンテニルアデニン、ウラシル-5オキシ酢酸、ワイブトシン、シュードウラシル、クエオシン、2-チオシトシン、5-メチル-2-チオウラシル、2-チオウラシル、4-チオウラシル、5-メチルウラシル、ウラシル-5-オキシ酢酸メチルエステル、ウラシル-5-オキシ酢酸、5-メチル-2-チオウラシル、3-(3-アミノ-3-N-2-カルボキシプロピルウラシル、(acp3)w、及び2,6-ジアミノプリン、並びに、プリン塩基又はピリミジン塩基が複素環式化合物により置換されるものから成る群から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至9の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然ヌクレオチドは、以下の式(核酸塩基部分のみを示し、リボース及びリン酸塩のバックボーンは明瞭さのために省略する)から成る群から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至9の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然ヌクレオチドは、以下の式(核酸塩基部分のみを示し、リボース及びリン酸塩のバックボーンは明瞭さのために省略する)から成る群から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至9の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然ヌクレオチドは更に非天然糖部分を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至12の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然ヌクレオチドの非天然糖部分は、2’位置での修飾:OH;置換された低級アルキル、アルカリル、アラルキル、O-アルカリル、又はO-アラルキル、SH、SCH3、OCN、Cl、Br、CN、CF3、OCF3、SOCH3、SO2、CH3、ONO2、NO2、N3、NH2F;O-アルキル、S-アルキル、N-アルキル;O-アルケニル、S-アルケニル、N-アルケニル;O-アルキニル、S-アルキニル、N-アルキニル;O-アルキル-O-アルキル、2’-F、2’-OCH3、2’-O(CH2)2OCH3から成る群から選択され、ここで、アルキル、アルケニル、及びアルキニルは、置換又は非置換のC1-C10アルキル、C2-C10アルケニル、C2-C10アルキニル、-O[(CH2)nO]mCH3、-O(CH2)nOCH3、-O(CH2)nNH2、-O(CH2)nCH3、-O(CH2)n-ONH2、及び-O(CH2)nON[(CH2)nCH3]2であってもよく、n及びmは1~約10であり;及び/又は、前記非天然糖部分は、5’位置での修飾:5’-ビニル、5’-メチル(R又はS)、4’位置での修飾、4’-S、ヘテロシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルカリル、アミノアルキルアミノ、ポリアルキルアミノ、置換シリル、RNA開裂基、レポーター基、介入物、オリゴヌクレオチドの薬物動態特性を改善するための基、又はオリゴヌクレオチドの薬力学的特性を改善するための基、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせから成る群から選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記突然変異体アンチコドン又は前記突然変異体コドンは更に非天然バックボーンを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至14の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記突然変異体アンチコドン及び前記突然変異体コドンは更に非天然バックボーンを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至14の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記非天然ヌクレオチドは、DNAポリメラーゼ、RNAポリメラーゼ、又は逆転写酵素によって認識される、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至16の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 非天然ヌクレオチドは、RNAポリメラーゼによってmRNAへと転写中に組み込まれて、突然変異体コドンを含有する突然変異体mRNAを生成する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至17の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 非天然ヌクレオチドは、RNAポリメラーゼによってtRNAへと転写中に組み込まれて、突然変異体アンチコドンを含有する突然変異体tRNAを生成する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至18の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 非天然ヌクレオチドは、RNAポリメラーゼによってmRNAへと転写中に組み込まれて、突然変異体mRNAを生成する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至19の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 非天然ヌクレオチドは、RNAポリメラーゼによってtRNAへと転写中に組み込まれて、突然変異体tRNAを生成する、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至20の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記突然変異体tRNAに、非天然アミノ酸残基がチャージされる、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至21の何れか1つに記載の方法。
- 非天然アミノ酸を含有する部分は、転写中に前記突然変異体tRNA及び前記突然変異体mRNAを利用して生成される、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至22の何れか1つに記載の方法。
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- 2018-07-10 TW TW112138476A patent/TW202426655A/zh unknown
- 2018-07-10 MA MA049578A patent/MA49578A/fr unknown
- 2018-07-10 JP JP2019572821A patent/JP7325341B2/ja active Active
- 2018-07-10 CA CA3069321A patent/CA3069321A1/en active Pending
- 2018-07-10 CN CN201880058859.4A patent/CN111051512A/zh active Pending
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- 2018-07-10 EA EA202090090A patent/EA202090090A1/ru unknown
- 2018-07-10 SG SG11202000167SA patent/SG11202000167SA/en unknown
- 2018-07-10 KR KR1020207004044A patent/KR102649135B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-07-10 KR KR1020247008596A patent/KR20240038157A/ko active Search and Examination
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- 2018-07-10 AR ARP180101920A patent/AR112756A1/es unknown
- 2018-07-10 US US16/629,255 patent/US20200131555A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2019
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2020
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Also Published As
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MA49578A (fr) | 2021-04-07 |
CN111051512A (zh) | 2020-04-21 |
AR112756A1 (es) | 2019-12-11 |
IL271903A (en) | 2020-02-27 |
US20190376054A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 |
TW202426655A (zh) | 2024-07-01 |
EP3652316A1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
KR20200029531A (ko) | 2020-03-18 |
JP2020526197A (ja) | 2020-08-31 |
JP7325341B2 (ja) | 2023-08-14 |
WO2019014267A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
AU2018300069A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
KR102649135B1 (ko) | 2024-03-18 |
CA3069321A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
TWI821192B (zh) | 2023-11-11 |
US20240043823A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
NZ761479A (en) | 2024-03-22 |
EA202090090A1 (ru) | 2020-06-09 |
US20210222147A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
KR20240038157A (ko) | 2024-03-22 |
US11834689B2 (en) | 2023-12-05 |
US20200131555A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
EP3652316A4 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
TW201920681A (zh) | 2019-06-01 |
SG11202000167SA (en) | 2020-02-27 |
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