JP2022530293A - 電気化学装置及びそれを含む電子装置 - Google Patents
電気化学装置及びそれを含む電子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022530293A JP2022530293A JP2021523451A JP2021523451A JP2022530293A JP 2022530293 A JP2022530293 A JP 2022530293A JP 2021523451 A JP2021523451 A JP 2021523451A JP 2021523451 A JP2021523451 A JP 2021523451A JP 2022530293 A JP2022530293 A JP 2022530293A
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005466 carboxylated polyvinylchloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWUZCAVKPCRJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-4-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(NCC)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=C(C)C=C2S1 KWUZCAVKPCRJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000973 polyvinylchloride carboxylated Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005373 siloxane group Chemical group [SiH2](O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C VMZOBROUFBEGAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
Description
電気化学装置は、それを高温環境に放置した場合、又は、充放電サイクル中に、ガスが発生し、電気化学装置が膨張する。ガス発生の現象がひどい場合、電子製品の使用安全性に影響を及ぼし、消費者に否定的な使用体験をもたらし、消費者の人身安全を脅かす。従って、電気化学装置の安全性を向上させる重要な要素の一つは、電気化学装置のガス発生を低減することである。
いくつかの実施例において、前記式(II)で示される化合物は、
以下の調製方法を採用して、実施例と比較例における正極活物質をリチウムイオン全電池に調製した。
電池を0.1Cの定電流で2.8Vまで放電し、電池の重量を秤量し、m0と記し、その後、電池を分解し、すぐに分解して得られたベアセル及び外装であるアルミプラスチックフィルムを高純度のアセトニトリル(純度≧99.9%)に入れて抽出し、ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて、得られた清液を測定し、電解液における各成分の相対含有量が得られた。抽出した後のベアセル及び外装であるアルミプラスチックフィルムを真空オーブンに乾燥して、総質量を秤量し、m1と記す。電池における各成分の実際の質量は、(m0-m1)と各成分の相対含有量の積である。
前記電解液の質量の測定で乾燥したベアセルにおける正極を取り出し、分解して得られた正極の重量を秤量し、m2と記し、両面に正極活物質が塗布された領域を選択し、直径18mmの小さなディスクに打ち抜き、その重量を秤量し、m3と記す。この小さなディスクを10枚取って王水で完全に溶解し、その後真空で吸引濾過し、20mLの純水で洗浄し、このステップを2回繰り返して、ろ液が得られた。その後、このろ液を容量フラスコに移して、100mLの標線まで液体を満たし、標準曲線法を使用して誘導結合プラズマICPによって測定したところ、元素Aの濃度がc0(mg/L)である。使用した正極の厚さと正極の長さから、得られたこの正極中の基材の総質量をm4として算出し、直径18mmの小さなディスクに対応する正極集電体の質量をm5として算出した。電池中の元素Aの質量はc0×100×(m2-m4)/(m3-m5)である。
イオンポリッシャー(型番:日本電子-IB-09010CP)を使用して、正極集電体に垂直な方向に正極を切断し、断面が得られた。走査型電子顕微鏡を使用して、前記断面を適切な倍率で観察し、後方散乱モードで写真を撮り、Image Jソフトウェアの画像認識機能を使用して粒子A、粒子Aにおける破砕粒子、集電体を識別し、それぞれそれらの対応する面積を算出した。正極シートの断面の総面積はSであり、粒子Aの総面積はS1(破砕粒子を含む)であり、粒子Aにおける破砕粒子の総面積はS2であり、正極集電体の面積はS3であり、空隙率はPであり、導電剤とバインダーの面積を無視する。本発明において、粒子Aの円形度は0.4以上であり、単一の粒子Aの断面積は20μm2以上である。
粒子Aにおける破砕粒子の総面積の割合=S2/S×100%
粒子Aの総面積に対する破砕粒子の総面積の割合=S2/S1×100%
粒子Bの総面積の割合=(S-S1-S3)/S×100%-P
イオンポリッシャー(型番:IB-19530CP)を使用して、イオン源でアルゴンガスをイオン化し、加速して、合焦した後、セパレータの断面を研磨し、走査型電子顕微鏡で研磨面に垂直な方向に沿ってセパレータ及び表面コーティングの厚さを観察した。
実施例及び比較例におけるリチウムイオン電池を45℃の恒温箱に入れ、30分間静置した。そして、リチウムイオン電池を1.0Cの電流にて定電流で電圧4.2Vまで充電し、その後、4.2Vにて定電圧で電流0.05Cまで充電し、4Cの電流にて定電流で電圧2.8Vまで放電し、これは一つの充放電サイクルである。上記のステップに従って、この充放電サイクルを600サイクル繰り返した。初期放電容量と600サイクル後の放電容量をそれぞれC1及びC600と記し、式(C600/C1)×100%により、サイクル容量維持率を算出した。これは、高温サイクル容量維持率である。
実施例及び比較例におけるリチウムイオン電池を45℃の恒温箱に入れ、30分間静置した。そして、リチウムイオン電池を0.5Cの電流にて3.0Vまで放電し、その後、1Cの電流にて4.2Vまで充電し、24時間静置して、これは一つの充放電サイクルである。上記のステップに従って、この充放電サイクルを100サイクル繰り返した。初期放電容量と100サイクル後の放電容量をそれぞれC0及びC100と記し、式(C100/C0)×100%により、サイクル容量維持率を算出した。
リチウムイオン電池を高温・低温箱に入れ、まず、25℃に調節し、30分間静置した。その後、リチウムイオン電池を0.5Cの電流にて4.2Vまで充電し、定電圧で電流0.02Cまで充電し、10分間静置し、0.5Cの電流にて3.0Vまで放電し、放電容量をD0として記した。その後、0.5Cの電流にて定電流で4.2Vまで充電し、定電圧で電流0.02Cまで充電し、高温・低温箱の温度を-20℃に調節し、30分間静置し、0.5Cにて定電流で3.0Vまで放電し、容量をD1として記した。放電容量維持率=D1/D0×100%
表1中の実施例及び比較例で採用された正極活物質はLi(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)AcO2であり、ここで、元素Aのコーナーマークcは、元素Aの含有量に基づいて決定される。なお、表1中の実施例及び比較例で採用された正極活物質は、いずれも円形度が0.4以上である第一粒子及び円形度が0.4未満である第二粒子を含む。
実施例1-11~実施例1-16は、実施例1-6と比較して、実施例1-11~実施例1-16の電解液に、一定の含有量のLiPO2F2をさらに添加した。電気化学データに示されるように、実施例1-6と比較して、実施例1-11~実施例1-16の電気化学装置は、より優れたサイクル安定性、及びより低いガス発生の程度を示す。類似的に、実施例1-27~実施例1-29は、実施例1-23に対応して、その改善点も、電解液に一定の含有量のLiPO2F2をさらに添加したことである。電気化学データに示されるように、実施例1-23と比較して、実施例1-27~実施例1-29の電気化学装置の電気化学的性能はより優れる。これは、LiPO2F2を添加することにより、正極と負極の表面に保護層を効果的に形成し、且つ抵抗を低減し、イオン伝達を促進することができるためである。
実施例2-1~実施例2-11は、実施例1-6に対応する。その改善点は、電解液に式IIで示される化合物をさらに添加したことである。電気化学データに示されるように、実施例1-6と比較して、実施例2-1~実施例2-5の電気化学装置は、常温でのサイクル安定性がわずかに低下するが、低温での放電性能がさらに改善される。実施例2-6~実施例2-8のデータに示されるように、電気化学装置の電解液に式(I-8)で示される化合物と式(I-3)で示される化合物との混合物を採用することにより、実施例1-6と比較して、電気化学装置のサイクル安定性及び低温放電性能を高めることができる。さらに、実施例2-9~実施例2-11のデータに示されるように、電解液にLiPO2F2をさらに添加することにより、電気化学装置の電気化学的性能をさらに改善することができる。これは、式IIで示される化合物を添加することにより、前記電気化学装置の低温放電性能と常温サイクル特性をさらに改善することができ、この上で、式Iで示される化合物及びLiPO2F2と組み合わせることにより、電気化学装置のサイクル特性を効果的に向上させるとともに、抵抗を低減して、放電容量維持率をさらに向上させることができることを示す。
実施例3-9と実施例1-19の違いは、実施例3-9の電解液に第一添加剤をさらに添加したことである。実施例1-19と比較して、実施例3-9の電気化学装置は、より優れたサイクル安定性、及びより低いガス発生の程度を示す。実施例3-1~実施例3-8及び実施例3-10~実施例3-11では、電解液に、第一添加剤及び/又は第二添加剤と式IIで示される化合物との組み合わせを同時に添加した。電気化学データに示されるように、これらの実施例に対応する電気化学装置は、すべて、優れた電気化学的性能、特に、優れたサイクル安定性及び低いガス発生の程度を示すことができる。これは、主に、第一添加剤及び/又は第二添加剤の酸化電位が式Iで示される化合物の酸化電位よりも低く、第一添加剤及び/又は第二添加剤の還元電位が式Iで示される化合物の還元電位よりも高いので、式Iで示される化合物に優先して、電極の表面に保護層を形成して、副反応を低減し、サイクル中の界面の安定性を確保することができるためである。
表4-1における実施例では、異なる正極活物質に対して、異なる元素Aが添加された。ドーピング前の正極活物質の分子式、元素Aの種類と含有量、ならびに正極活物質層における第一粒子の割合及び第二粒子の割合を表4-1に示す。比較例4-1と比較して、実施例4-1及び実施例4-2は、正極活物質において、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2に対して、元素をドープした。電気化学データを比較すると、正極活物質に元素をドープし、電解液に式(I)で示される化合物を添加し、ドープされた元素の質量と式(I)で示される化合物の質量との比が1:0.2-1:50の範囲内にあるように調整することにより、正極活物質中の第一粒子の粒子破砕率をさらに低下し、対応する電気化学装置のサイクル安定性を大幅に改善し、かつ、ガス発生の程度を低減することがわかる。比較例4-2と実施例4-3~実施例4-5とを比較しても、同じ結論を得ることができる。
Claims (13)
- 正極、
負極、
前記正極と前記負極との間に位置するセパレータ、及び
電解液を含む電気化学装置であって、
前記正極は、正極集電体、及び前記正極集電体に設ける正極活物質層を含み、前記正極活物質層は正極活物質を含み、前記正極活物質は元素Aを含み、前記元素Aは、Al、B、Ca、Mg、Ti、Cu、Nb、Si、Zr、Y及びWからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
前記電解液は式(I)で示される化合物の少なくとも1種を含み、
前記正極活物質における前記元素Aと前記式(I)で示される化合物との質量比は1:0.2~1:50である電気化学装置。 - 前記電解液は、前記式(I-1)で示される化合物~前記式(I-7)で示される化合物の少なくとも1種、及び前記式(I-8)で示される化合物を含み、前記式(I-1)で示される化合物~前記式(I-7)で示される化合物の総質量と前記式(I-8)で示される化合物の質量との比は2:1より大きい、請求項2に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記電解液は、さらに、LiPO2F2を含み、且つ、前記元素Aと前記LiPO2F2との質量比は、1:0.01~1:20である、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記電解液は、さらに、第一添加剤を含み、前記第一添加剤は、ビニレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、エチレンサルファイト、トリス(トリメチルシリル)ホスフェート、トリス(トリメチルシリル)ボラート、アジポニトリル、スクシノニトリル、1,3,6-ヘキサントリカルボニトリル、1,2,6-ヘキサントリカルボニトリル及び1,3,5-ペンタントリカルボニトリルの少なくとも1種を含み、且つ、前記第一添加剤の含有量は、前記電解液の総質量の0.1%~20%を占める、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記電解液は、さらに、第二添加剤を含み、前記第二添加剤は、テトラフルオロほう酸リチウム、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、リチウム4,5-ジシアノ-2-トリフルオロメチルイミダゾール、リチウムジフルオロビス(オキサラト)ホスフェート、リチウムジフルオロ(オキサラト)ボラート、及びリチウムビス(オキサラト)ボラートの少なくとも1種を含み、且つ、前記第二添加剤の含有量は、前記電解液の総質量の0.1%~5%を占める、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記正極活物質層は第一粒子を含み、前記第一粒子の円形度は0.4以上であり、前記第一粒子の断面積は20μm2以上であり、前記正極の前記集電体に垂直な断面の総面積に対して、前記第一粒子の断面の総面積の割合は、10%~50%である、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記第一粒子は破砕粒子を含み、前記第一粒子の総面積に対して、前記破砕粒子の総面積は30%以下である、請求項8に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記正極活物質層は第二粒子を含み、前記第二粒子の円形度は0.4未満であり、前記第二粒子の断面積は20μm2未満であり、前記正極の前記集電体に垂直な断面の総面積に対して、前記第二粒子の断面の総面積は、10%~60%である、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記セパレータは、基材層及び表面処理層を含み、前記表面処理層は無機セラミック粒子を含み、前記基材層と前記表面処理層との厚さの比は2:1~20:1である、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学装置を含む、電子装置。
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