JP2021082782A - 面発光レーザ素子、面発光レーザ、面発光レーザ装置、光源装置及び検出装置 - Google Patents
面発光レーザ素子、面発光レーザ、面発光レーザ装置、光源装置及び検出装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021082782A JP2021082782A JP2019211382A JP2019211382A JP2021082782A JP 2021082782 A JP2021082782 A JP 2021082782A JP 2019211382 A JP2019211382 A JP 2019211382A JP 2019211382 A JP2019211382 A JP 2019211382A JP 2021082782 A JP2021082782 A JP 2021082782A
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- emitting laser
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- multilayer film
- refractive index
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- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18344—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] characterized by the mesa, e.g. dimensions or shape of the mesa
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Abstract
Description
まず、第1の実施形態について説明する。第1の実施形態は、裏面出射型の面発光レーザ素子を備えた面発光レーザに関する。
図1は、第1の実施形態に係る面発光レーザのレイアウトを示す図である。図2及び図3は、第1の実施形態に係る面発光レーザの内部構造を示す断面図である。図2は、図1中のII-II線に沿った断面図に相当する。図3は、図1中のIII-III線に沿った断面図に相当する。
面発光レーザ素子151において、図2に示すように、上部半導体多層膜反射鏡106がメサ構造体を有する。メサ構造体の底部は共振器構造体の途中にあってもよく、下部半導体多層膜反射鏡102に達していてもよい。非酸化の領域108bは、平面視でメサ構造体の中央に位置する。誘電体多層膜114は、平面視で非酸化の領域108bと重なるようにして、上部半導体多層膜反射鏡106の−Z側(上側)に積層されている。平面視で、誘電体多層膜114は上部半導体多層膜反射鏡106よりも小さい。
n側コンタクト領域156において、図3に示すように、上部半導体多層膜反射鏡106に溝121が形成されている。また、溝121の内側で、上部スペーサ層105と、活性層104と、下部スペーサ層103と、下部半導体多層膜反射鏡102と、基板101の表層部とに溝122が形成されている。
面発光レーザ100は、例えばサブマウントに実装されて使用される。図4は、面発光レーザ100の使用例を示す模式図である。サブマウントと、サブマウントに実装された面発光レーザ100とは面発光レーザ装置に含まれる。
面発光レーザ素子151においては、基本横モードは面発光レーザ素子151の中心部にモード分布を有しており、これに直交する高次横モードは面発光レーザ素子151の周辺部に主なモード分布を有している。また、誘電体多層膜114の中央部114Xと上部半導体多層膜反射鏡106とが重なり合った、平面視でメサ構造体の中央部の反射率は、例えば99.9%程度である。つまり、誘電体多層膜114が設けられている中央部の反射率は、その周辺の周辺部の反射率よりも高い。このため、面発光レーザ素子151の中心部にモード分布を有する基本横モード素子の反射損失は、周辺部に主なモード分布を有する高次横モードの反射損失よりも小さくなる。この結果、高次横モードの発振が抑制され、基本横モードが選択的に発振し、基板101の裏面101A側からレーザ光LAが出力される。また、高次横モードの発振は電流−光出力特性におけるキンクや発散角を広げる原因となるが、面発光レーザ素子151では高次横モードの発振が抑制されているため、電流−光出力特性の線形性に優れ、また発散角も非常に狭く抑制される。例えば、3mW出力時に個々の面発光レーザ素子151から放射されるレーザ光は半値全幅で5°以内の非常に狭い発散角を実現することができる。従って、高い注入レベルまで基本横モード発振が維持され、レーザ光LAに単峰性の狭いビーム放射角を実現することができる。
次に、面発光レーザ100の製造方法について説明する。なお、上記のように、基板101上に複数の半導体層が積層されたものを、以下では、便宜上「積層体」ともいう。図6〜図20は、第1の実施形態に係る面発光レーザ100の製造方法を示す断面図である。図6〜図14には、面発光レーザ素子151に相当する部分を示す。図15〜図20には、n側コンタクト領域156に相当する部分を示す。
次に、第1の実施形態の第1の変形例について説明する。第1の変形例は、主に、誘電体多層膜の構成の点で第1の実施形態と相違する。図21は、第1の実施形態の第1の変形例に係る面発光レーザの内部構造を示す断面図である。
次に、第1の実施形態の第2の変形例について説明する。第2の変形例は、主に、誘電体多層膜の構成の点で第1の実施形態と相違する。図22は、第1の実施形態の第2の変形例に係る面発光レーザの内部構造を示す断面図である。
次に、第2の実施形態について説明する。第2の実施形態は、第1の実施形態に係る面発光レーザ100を備えた光源装置および検出装置に関する。図24は、検出装置の一例としての測距装置10の概要を示したものである。
11 光源装置
13 受光素子
15 光学系
18 受光光学系
100 面発光レーザ
102 下部半導体多層膜反射鏡
104 活性層
106 上部半導体多層膜反射鏡
108 被選択酸化層
108a 酸化領域
108b 非酸化の領域
114 誘電体多層膜
151 面発光レーザ素子
153 レーザ素子アレイ
Claims (13)
- 第1の反射鏡と、
前記第1の反射鏡上の活性層と、
前記活性層上の第2の反射鏡と、
前記第2の反射鏡上の多層膜と、
を有し、
前記多層膜の側面は、前記第2の反射鏡の主面に対して傾斜しており、
前記多層膜は、厚さ方向で、第1の屈折率を有する第1の膜と、前記第1の屈折率よりも高い第2の屈折率を有する第2の膜との組を2以上有し、
前記多層膜は、前記主面に垂直な方向からの平面視で、中央部と、前記中央部の周囲に設けられ、前記側面を備えた周辺部と、を有し、
前記多層膜の側面は単一の膜により構成されている、面発光レーザ素子。 - 前記単一の膜は、前記2以上の組のうちで最も上方に位置する組に含まれる前記第2の膜である、請求項1に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 前記多層膜は、前記中央部及び前記周辺部の全体にわたって、前記第1の膜と、前記第2の膜との組を2以上有する、請求項1又は2に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 前記中央部における、前記第1の膜の厚さと前記第2の膜の厚さとの比は、
前記周辺部における、前記第1の膜の厚さと前記第2の膜の厚さとの比と等しい、請求項3に記載の面発光レーザ素子。 - 前記単一の膜は、前記第2の膜と同一の組成を有する第3の膜を含む、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 第1の反射鏡と、
前記第1の反射鏡上の活性層と、
前記活性層上の第2の反射鏡と、
前記第2の反射鏡上の多層膜と、
を有し、
前記多層膜の側面は、前記第2の反射鏡の主面に対して傾斜しており、
前記多層膜は、厚さ方向で、第1の屈折率を有する第1の膜と、前記第1の屈折率よりも高い第2の屈折率を有する第2の膜との組を2以上有し、
前記多層膜は、前記主面に垂直な方向からの平面視で、中央部と、前記中央部の周囲に設けられ、前記側面を備えた周辺部と、を有し、
前記周辺部の反射率は、前記中央部の反射率よりも低く、
前記多層膜の側面は単一の膜により覆われている、面発光レーザ素子。 - 前記第1の反射鏡及び前記第2の反射鏡は半導体の多層膜反射鏡を含む、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 前記第1の膜及び前記第2の膜は誘電体膜を含む、請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 前記第1の反射鏡側から光を出射する、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の面発光レーザ素子。
- 基板と、
前記基板上に形成された請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の複数の面発光レーザ素子と、
を有し、
前記第1の反射鏡は前記第2の反射鏡よりも前記基板側に位置する、面発光レーザ。 - 実装基板と、
前記実装基板に実装された、請求項10に記載の面発光レーザと、
を有する、面発光レーザ装置。 - 請求項11に記載の面発光レーザ装置と、
前記面発光レーザ装置を駆動する駆動装置と、
を備え、
前記面発光レーザから外部へ光を出射する、光源装置。 - 請求項12に記載の光源装置と、
前記面発光レーザから外部へ出射され、対象物で反射された光を検出可能な受光素子と、
を備える、検出装置。
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