JP2019528547A - 電極保護層を含む負極及びこれを適用したリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
電極保護層を含む負極及びこれを適用したリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2019528547A JP2019528547A JP2018561054A JP2018561054A JP2019528547A JP 2019528547 A JP2019528547 A JP 2019528547A JP 2018561054 A JP2018561054 A JP 2018561054A JP 2018561054 A JP2018561054 A JP 2018561054A JP 2019528547 A JP2019528547 A JP 2019528547A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium
- secondary battery
- protective layer
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
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- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、リチウム金属層;及び
上記リチウム金属層の少なくとも一面に形成される保護層を含み、
上記保護層は、リチウム金属とショットキー接合(Schottky junction)をなす物質を含むことを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池用負極を提供する。
また、本発明は、上記負極を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
一般に、リチウム金属を電池負極で利用する場合、次のような問題が存在する。第一、リチウムはアルカリ金属であって水と爆発的に反応するので、一般的環境では製造及び利用が難しい。第二、リチウムを負極で使用する場合、電解質や水、電池内の不純物、リチウム塩などと反応して不動態層を作るようになり、この層は局部的な電流密度差をもたらして樹状のリチウムデンドライトを形成させる。また、このように形成されたデンドライトは、成長して分離膜の空隙の間を越して正極と直接的に内部短絡を起こすことがあるので、電池が爆発する現象をもたらすようになる。第三、リチウムは柔らかい金属で機械的強度が弱いため、追加の表面処理なしに使用するには取り扱い性が非常に落ちる。
本発明による保護層は、リチウム金属とショットキー接合をなす物質を含んでもよく、保護層に含まれる物質は、必ずバンドギャップ(Band gap)が存在する半導体あるいは不導体ではなければならない。また、リチウムイオンのイオン伝導度が優秀ではなければならない。
また、本発明のリチウム金属保護層は、バンドギャップが0.4eV以上のものであってもよい。
本発明によるリチウム二次電池は、前述した負極の構造及び特性を除いた他の構成に対しては、通常の当業者が実施する公知の技術を通じて製造可能であり、以下で具体的に説明する。
本発明による正極は、正極活物質、導電材及びバインダーを含む組成物を正極集電体に製膜して正極の形態で製造することができる。
正極活物質としてLCO(LiCoO2)を用いて正極を製造した。N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)を溶媒に、LCO:スーパー−ピー(Super−P):PVDF=95:2.5:2.5の重量比で混合してスラリーを製造、450mg/25cm2でローディングして、厚さ12μmのアルミニウムホイルにコーティングし、70μm厚さの正極を製造した。
上記実施例1でSb2O3の代わりにSb powderをスピンコーティングして保護層としてLi3Sbを形成したことを除いて、上記実施例1の過程と同様に製造した。
上記実施例1で保護層としてLi7SbO6の代わりにLi3Pを使用したことを除いて上記実施例1の過程と同様に製造した。
上記実施例1で保護層としてLi7SbO6の代わりにSiを使用したことを除いて上記実施例1の過程と同様に製造した。
上記実施例1で保護層を適用せずに、上記実施例1の過程と同様に製造した。
上記実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜3で製造された各電池に対して性能評価を行った。この時、充電及び放電条件は次のとおりである。
充電:律速0.2C、電圧4.25V、CC/CV(5% current cut at 1C)
放電:律速0.5C、電圧3V、CC
110:リチウム金属保護層
120:リチウム金属層
Claims (11)
- リチウム金属層;及び
上記リチウム金属層の少なくとも一面に形成される保護層を含み、
上記保護層は、リチウム金属とショットキー接合(Schottky junction)をなす物質を含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用負極。 - 上記保護層に含まれる物質は、その仕事関数がリチウム金属層の仕事関数より大きく、バンドギャップ(band gap)を有する物質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 上記バンドギャップは、0.4eV以上であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 上記保護層は、Li7SbO6、Li3LaSb2、Li3NaSi6、LiBeSb、Li3Sb、LiMgP及びLi3Asからなる群から選択されたいずれか一つ以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 上記保護層は、イオン伝導度が常温で10−7S/cm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 上記保護層は、リチウムイオンの移動に対する活性化エネルギーが0.95eV以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 上記保護層の厚さは、1nmないし5,000nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 上記リチウム金属層は、集電体上にリチウム金属薄膜が形成された請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 上記集電体は、銅、アルミニウム、ステンレススチール、亜鉛、チタン、銀、パラジウム、ニッケル、鉄、クロム、これらの合金及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されたいずれか一つ以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 正極、負極及びこれらの間に介在される分離膜を含むリチウム二次電池において、
上記負極は、請求項1ないし9のいずれか一項のリチウム二次電池用負極であるリチウム二次電池。 - 上記負極は、正極と対向する面にリチウム金属保護層が形成されたことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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US20200381713A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
WO2019013449A1 (ko) | 2019-01-17 |
KR102244904B1 (ko) | 2021-04-26 |
US11108039B2 (en) | 2021-08-31 |
EP3474351A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
EP3474351B1 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
JP6872095B2 (ja) | 2021-05-19 |
CN109429535A (zh) | 2019-03-05 |
KR20190007740A (ko) | 2019-01-23 |
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