JP2018521456A - 二次電池用正極活物質及びこれを含む二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極活物質及びこれを含む二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018521456A JP2018521456A JP2017560215A JP2017560215A JP2018521456A JP 2018521456 A JP2018521456 A JP 2018521456A JP 2017560215 A JP2017560215 A JP 2017560215A JP 2017560215 A JP2017560215 A JP 2017560215A JP 2018521456 A JP2018521456 A JP 2018521456A
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- active material
- positive electrode
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- secondary battery
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGMOXNFVYWQBSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[O].[Co] Chemical compound [O].[O].[Co] PGMOXNFVYWQBSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJELVSDAOKZZHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O AJELVSDAOKZZHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUYLTEAJCNAMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Co+2] IUYLTEAJCNAMJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II) oxide Inorganic materials [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;[oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].O=BOB([O-])OB([O-])OB=O PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQOULBWSWCWZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;methyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound C=C.COC(O)=O UQOULBWSWCWZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002604 lanthanum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011564 manganese citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014872 manganese citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097206 manganese citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005011 time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003748 yttrium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
[化学式(1)] LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wO2
(前記化学式(1)で、M1、M2、M3、a、x、y、z及びwは、明細書中で定義した通りである)
前記正極活物質は、結晶粒サイズの制御によって高出力特性、特に低温での優れた出力特性を表すことができる。
Description
本出願は、2015年9月30日付韓国特許出願第2015−0137918号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されている全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
[化学式(1)]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wO2
(前記化学式(1)で、M1は、Al及びMnからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含み、M2は、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta及びNbからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含み、そして、M3は、W、Mo及びCrからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含み、1.0≦a≦1.5、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦0.5、0.0005≦z≦0.03、0≦w≦0.02、0<x+y≦0.7である)
前記コア、シェル及び緩衝層における3次元網目構造体は、それぞれ独立して複数個の結晶粒を含む下記化学式(1)の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物を含み、
前記結晶粒は、平均結晶サイズが50nmから150nmである:
[化学式(1)]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wO2
[数式(1)]
シェル領域=(正極活物質の半径−コア半径−緩衝層の厚さ)/正極活物質の半径
[化学式(2)]
Ni1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wOH
(前記化学式(2)で、M1、M2、M3、x、y、z及びwは、前記で定義した通りである)
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型5L反応器で、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート、マンガンスルフェート、及びタングステン含有原料物質としてタングステン酸ナトリウム二水和物(sodium tungstate dehydrate)を、水中で各化合物内に含まれている金属元素のモル比を基準に80:10:10:0.25のモル比で混合して2M濃度の第1金属塩溶液を準備し、また、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート、マンガンスルフェート、及びタングステン含有原料物質としてタングステン酸ナトリウム二水和物(sodium tungstate dehydrate)を、水中で各化合物内に含まれている金属元素のモル比を基準に20:50:30:0.25のモル比で混合して2M濃度の第2金属塩水溶液を準備した。第1金属塩入りの容器は反応器に入るように連結し、第2金属塩入りの容器は第1金属塩容器に入るように連結した。さらに、4M NaOH溶液と7%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を準備してそれぞれ反応器に連結した。
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型5L反応器で、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート、マンガンスルフェート、及びタングステン含有原料物質としてタングステン酸ナトリウム二水和物(sodium tungstate dehydrate)を、水中で各化合物内に含まれている金属元素のモル比を基準に60:20:20:0.25のモル比で混合して2M濃度の金属塩溶液を準備した。金属塩溶液入りの容器は反応器に入るように連結し、さらに、4M NaOH溶液と7%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を準備してそれぞれ反応器に連結した。
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型5L反応器で、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート、マンガンスルフェート、及びタングステン含有原料物質としてタングステン酸ナトリウム二水和物(sodium tungstate dehydrate)を、水中で各化合物内に含まれている金属元素のモル比を基準に60:20:20:0.25のモル比で混合して2M濃度の金属塩溶液を準備した。金属塩溶液入りの容器は反応器に入るように連結し、さらに、4M NaOH溶液と7%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を準備してそれぞれ反応器に連結した。
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型5L反応器で、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート及びマンガンスルフェートを、水中で各化合物内に含まれている金属元素のモル比を基準に60:20:20のモル比で混合して2M濃度の金属塩溶液を準備した。前記金属塩溶液入りの容器は反応器に入るように連結し、4M NaOH溶液と7%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を準備してそれぞれ反応器に連結した。
60℃に設定された回分式バッチ(batch)型5L反応器で、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート及びマンガンスルフェートを、水中で各化合物内に含まれている金属元素のモル比を基準に80:10:10のモル比で混合して2M濃度の第1金属塩溶液を準備し、また、ニッケルスルフェート、コバルトスルフェート及びマンガンスルフェートを、水中で各化合物内に含まれている金属元素のモル比を基準に20:50:30のモル比で混合して2M濃度の第2金属塩溶液を準備した。前記第1金属塩溶液入りの容器は反応器に入るように連結し、第2金属塩溶液入りの容器は第1金属塩溶液入りの容器に入るように連結した。さらに、4M NaOH溶液と7%濃度のNH4OH水溶液を準備してそれぞれ反応器に連結した。
前記実施例1〜2、比較例1及び参考例で製造した正極活物質をそれぞれ利用してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1に係る正極活物質の前駆体として製造したニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合金属水酸化物の粒子に対して電界放射型電子顕微鏡(field emission scanning electron microscopy、FE−SEM)で観察し、その結果からコア及びシェルの半径(シェルの場合、厚さに該当する)と体積をそれぞれ計算した。その結果を図2及び下記表1に示した。
実施例1〜2、比較例1及び参考例の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物粒子に対し、XRD結晶分析によって粒子の結晶サイズを測定した。
前記実施例1で製造した正極活物質に対し、EPMAを利用して成分分析を実施した。その結果を下記図3及び表3に示した。
前記製造例で製造した、前記実施例1〜2、比較例1及び参考例での正極活物質をそれぞれ含むリチウム二次電池に対し、下記のような方法で電池特性を評価した。
2 シェル
3 緩衝層
3a 空隙
3b 3次元網目構造体
10 正極活物質
Claims (20)
- コア、
前記コアを取り囲んで位置するシェル、及び、
前記コアとシェルの間に位置し、前記コアとシェルを連結する3次元網目構造体及び空隙を含む緩衝層を含み、
前記コア、シェル、及び緩衝層での3次元網目構造体は、それぞれ独立して複数個の結晶粒を含む下記化学式(1)の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物を含み、
前記結晶粒は、平均結晶サイズが50nmから150nmであるものである二次電池用正極活物質であって、
[化学式(1)]
LiaNi1−x−yCoxM1yM3zM2wO2
であり、
前記化学式(1)で、M1は、Al及びMnからなる群より選択される少なくともいずれか一つの元素を含み、M2は、Zr、Ti、Mg、Ta及びNbからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含み、そして、M3は、W、Mo及びCrからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含み、1.0≦a≦1.5、0<x≦0.5、0<y≦0.5、0.0005≦z≦0.03、0≦w≦0.02、0<x+y≦0.7である、二次電池用正極活物質。 - ニッケル、コバルト及びM1のうち少なくともいずれか一つの金属元素は、活物質粒子内で変化する濃度勾配を表すものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コア内に含まれるニッケルの含量が、シェル内に含まれるニッケルの含量より多いものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コア内に含まれるM1の含量が、シェル内に含まれるM1の含量より少ないものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コア内に含まれるコバルトの含量が、シェル内に含まれるコバルトの含量より少ないものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記コア内に含まれるニッケルの含量が、シェル内に含まれるニッケルの含量より多く、
前記コアは、コア内に含まれる遷移金属元素の総モルに対して60モル%以上100モル%未満の含量でニッケルを含み、
前記シェルは、シェル内に含まれる遷移金属元素の総モルに対して30モル%以上65モル%未満の含量でニッケルを含むものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - ニッケル、コバルト及びM1は、活物質粒子の全体にかけてそれぞれ独立して変化する濃度勾配で分布し、
ニッケルは、活物質粒子の中心から表面の方向に減少する濃度勾配で分布し、そして、
コバルト及びM1は、それぞれ独立して活物質粒子の中心から表面の方向に増加する濃度勾配で分布するものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記シェルは、正極活物質の中心から表面の方向に放射状に成長された結晶配向性の多結晶リチウム複合金属酸化物の粒子を含むものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質の半径に対するコア半径の比が0超過0.4未満であり、前記正極活物質の半径に対する、正極活物質の中心から緩衝層とシェルの界面までの長さの比が0超過0.7未満のものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 下記数式(1)によって決定される、正極活物質の半径に対するシェル厚さの比であるシェル領域が0.2から1のものであり、
[数式(1)]
シェル領域=(正極活物質の半径−コア半径−緩衝層の厚さ)/正極活物質の半径
である請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記M1が、マンガン(Mn)またはアルミニウム(Al)であるものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 平均粒径(D50)が2μmから20μm、BET比表面積が0.1m2/gから1.9m2/gであり、1.2g/ccから2.5g/ccのタップ密度を有するものである請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- ニッケル原料物質、コバルト原料物質及びM1原料物質(M1は、Al及びMnからなる群より選択される少なくともいずれか一つの元素を含む)を混合して製造した金属含有溶液に、アンモニウム陽イオン含有錯体形成剤及び塩基性化合物を添加してpH 11からpH 13で共沈反応させ、前駆体包含反応溶液を準備する段階、
前記前駆体包含反応溶液にアンモニウム陽イオン含有錯体形成剤と塩基性化合物を、前記反応溶液のpHが8以上11未満になるまで添加して前駆体を成長させる段階;及び
成長させた前記前駆体をリチウム原料物質と混合したあと、500℃から700℃での1次焼成及び700℃から900℃での2次焼成を行う段階を含み、
前記金属含有溶液の製造時、または前記成長された前駆体とリチウム原料物質との混合時に、M3原料物質(M3は、W、Mo及びCrからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つまたは二つ以上の元素を含む)を、最終的に製造されるリチウム複合金属酸化物におけるリチウムを除いた金属元素の総モルに対して0.0005から0.03モル比でさらに添加する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記前駆体の成長段階は、反応物のpHを時間当りにpH 1からpH 2.5の速度で変化させながら行われるものである請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記リチウム原料物質は、リチウム原料物質内に含まれるリチウムと前記前駆体内に含まれる金属元素(Me)とのモル比(リチウム/金属元素(Me)のモル比)が1.0以上になるように用いられるものである請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記前駆体包含反応溶液の準備段階の際、前記金属含有溶液とは互いに異なる濃度でニッケル原料物質、コバルト原料物質及びM1原料物質を含む第2金属含有溶液をさらに添加する請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次焼成及び前記2次焼成がそれぞれ独立して空気または酸素雰囲気下で行われるものである請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記1次焼成及び前記2次焼成がそれぞれ独立して酸素分圧20%以下の雰囲気下で行われるものである請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の正極活物質を含む二次電池用正極。
- 請求項19に記載の正極を含むリチウム二次電池。
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US20180048015A1 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
CN107251282A (zh) | 2017-10-13 |
EP3249723A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
WO2017057900A1 (ko) | 2017-04-06 |
CN107251282B (zh) | 2021-03-12 |
PL3249723T3 (pl) | 2019-09-30 |
EP3249723A4 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
US10862156B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
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