JP2016509582A - 抗ヒトb7−h4抗体およびその使用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2012年12月19日出願の米国特許出願第61/739,272号、2012年12月19日出願の米国特許出願第61/739,287号、および2012年12月19日出願の米国特許出願第61/739,353号(それらは、それぞれ、その全体が参照により組み込まれる)に基づく特典および優先権を主張する。
本出願は、37C.F.R.1.821およびそれ以降に準拠した1つ以上の配列リストを含む。これらの配列リストは、紙媒体およびコンピューター可読媒体の両方で開示されており、紙およびコンピューター可読の開示は、それらの全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
ヒトおよび他の哺乳動物の免疫系は、感染および疾患からの保護を提供する役割を担っている。そのような保護は、体液性免疫反応および細胞媒介免疫反応の両方によりで提供される。体液性応答は、外来標的(抗原)の認識および中和が可能な抗体および他の生体分子の産生をもたらす。これとは対照的に、細胞媒介免疫反応は、T細胞によりマクロファージ、ナチュラルキラー細胞(NK)、および抗原特異的細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を活性化すること、ならびに抗原の認識に反応して種々のサイトカインを放出することに関与する(Dong,C.et al.(2003)“Immune Regulation by Novel Costimulatory Molecules,”Immunolog.Res.28(1):39−48)。
ヒトB7−H4タンパク質をコードするcDNAは、胎盤cDNAから同定およびクローニングされた(Sica,G.L.et al.(2003)“B7−H4,A Molecule Of The B7 Family,Negatively Regulates T Cell Immunity,”Immunity 18:849−861、Zang,X.et al.(2003)B7x:A Widely Expressed B7 Family Member That Inhibits T Cell Activation,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(USA)100:10388−10392)。B7−H4は、米国特許第7,931,896号明細書、同第7,875,702号明細書、同第7,847,081号明細書、同第7,622,565号明細書で、米国特許出願公開第2011/0085970号明細書、同第2011/0020325号明細書、同第2010/0256000号明細書、同第2010/0240585号明細書、同第2010/0227343号明細書、同第2010/0227335号明細書、同第2010/0158936号明細書、同第2010/0092524号明細書、同第2010/0028450号明細書、同第2009/0275633号明細書、同第2009/0215084号明細書、同第2009/0176317号明細書、同第2009/0142342号明細書、同第2009/0118175号明細書、同第2009/0087416号明細書、同第2009/0048122号明細書、同第2009/0022747号明細書、同第2009/0018315号明細書、同第2008/0206235号明細書、同第2008/0160036号明細書、同第2008/0177039号明細書、同第2008/0050370号明細書、同第2007/0218032号明細書、同第2007/0184473号明細書、同第2007/0172504号明細書、同第2007/0160578号明細書、同第2007/0122378号明細書、同第2007/0036783号明細書、同第2006/0003452号明細書で、欧州特許出願公開第2124998号明細書および同第2109455号明細書で、ならびにPCT国際公開第2011/026132A2号パンフレット、同第2011/026122A2号パンフレット、同第2011/005566A2号パンフレット、同第2010/144295A1号パンフレット、同第2010/102177A1号パンフレット、同第2010/102167A1号パンフレット、同第2009/111315A2号パンフレット、同第2009/073533A2号パンフレット、同第2008/092153A2号パンフレット、同第2008/083239A2号パンフレット、同第2008/083228A2号パンフレット、同第2007/124361A2号パンフレット、同第2007/122369A2号パンフレット、同第2007/109254A2号パンフレット、同第2007/087341A2号パンフレット、同第2007/082154A2号パンフレット、同第2007/067682A2号パンフレット、同第2007/067681A2号パンフレット、同第2007/041694A2号パンフレット、同第2006/138670A2号パンフレット、同第2006/133396A2号パンフレット、同第2006/121991A2号パンフレット、同第2006/066229A2号パンフレット、および同第2006/007539A1号パンフレットで考察されている。
炎症と癌との間の関連は、腫瘍部位への多数の白血球細胞の浸潤が認められた一世紀以上前の観測に遡る(Balkwill,F.et al.(2001)“Inflammation And Cancer: Back To Virchow?,”Lancet 357:539−545、Coussens,L.M.et al.(2002)“Inflammation and Cancer,”Nature 420:860−867)。現在では、いくつかの研究により、炎症と癌とを関連付ける2つの主要な経路、すなわち、内因性経路および外因性経路が同定されている(Allavena,P.et al.(2008)“Pathways Connecting Inflammation and Cancer,”Curr.Opin.Genet.Devel.18:3−10、Colotta,F.(2009)“Cancer−Related Inflammation,The Seventh Hallmark of Cancer:Links to Genetic Instability,”Carcinogenesis 30(7):1073−1081、Porta,C.et al.(2009)“Cellular and Molecular Pathways Linking Inflammation and Cancer,”Immunobiology 214:761−777)。内因性経路は、炎症および発癌をもたらす遺伝子改変を含み、一方、外因性経路は、癌発生に関連付けられる組織内の慢性炎症をトリガーする微生物/ウイルス感染または自己免疫疾患により特徴付けられる。両方の経路は、炎症性メディエーター(たとえば、NF−κB、STAT3、およびHIF−1)のきわめて重要な転写因子を活性化し、炎症で重要な役割を果たす白血球の動員をもたらす(Solinas,G.et al.(2009)“Tumor−Associated Macrophages (TAM) As Major Players Of The Cancer−Related Inflammation,”J.Leukoc.Biol.86(5):1065−1073)。
初発腫瘍は、拡張性腫瘍細胞への酸素および栄養の送達を可能にすべくそれ自体の血管系を生成する必要がある。したがって、腫瘍の進行は、腫瘍マイクロ環境内に腫瘍細胞と非悪性細胞との間の協調的シグナリングを必要とする(Kaler,P.et al.(2010)“Tumor Associated Macrophages Protect Colon Cancer Cells from TRAIL−Induced Apoptosis through IL−1β−Dependent Stabilization of Snail in Tumor Cells,”PLos ONE 5(7):e11700 1−13)。TAM、さらには好中球、線維芽細胞、および他の細胞が、腫瘍細胞と協同して、腫瘍内の血管形成を促進することは、現在では広く認められている(Nucera,S.et al.(2011)“The Interplay Between Macrophages And Angiogenesis In Development,Tissue Injury And Regeneration,”Int.J.Dev.Biol.doi:10.1387/ijdb.103227sn、Zamarron,B.F.et al.(2011)“Dual Roles Of Immune Cells And Their Factors In Cancer Development And Progression,”Int.J.Biol.Sci.7(5):651−658、Liu,J.et al.(2011)“Tumor−Associated Macrophages Recruit CCR6+ Regulatory T Cells And Promote The Development Of Colorectal Cancer Via Enhancing CCL20 Production In Mice,”PLoS One.6(4):e19495、Rigo,A.et al.(2010)“Macrophages May Promote Cancer Growth Via A GM−CSF/HB−EGF Paracrine Loop That Is Enhanced By CXCL12,”Molec.Cancer 9(273):1−13、Lin,J.Y.et al.(2011)“Clinical Significance Of Tumor−Associated Macrophage Infiltration In Supraglottic Laryngeal Carcinoma,”Chin.J.Cancer 30(4):280−286、Vergati,M.(2011)“The Consequence Of Immune Suppressive Cells In The Use Of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines And Their Importance In Immune Monitoring,”J.Biomed.Biotechnol.2011:182413)。
B7−H4は、卵巣腫瘍に存在するものを含めて、TAM内で過剰発現されることが示されている(Kryczek,I.et al.(2006)“B7−H4 Expression Identifies A Novel Suppressive Macrophage Population In Human Ovarian Carcinoma,”J.Exp.Med.203(4):871−881、Kryczek,I.et al.(2007)“Relationship Between B7−H4, Regulatory T Cells,And Patient Outcome In Human Ovarian Carcinoma,”Cancer Res.67(18):8900−8905)。
(I)細胞(とくに生細胞)の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するか、
(II)内因性濃度で細胞(とくに生細胞)の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するか
(III)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合してB7−H4とその細胞レセプターとの間の結合をモジュレートするか、
(IV)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍関連マクロファージによる免疫抑制を阻害するか、
(V)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍関連マクロファージの活性をモジュレートするか、
(VI)腫瘍生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍媒介抑制を阻害するか、
(VII)腫瘍生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍特異的細胞溶解を引き起こすか、
またはそれらの任意の組合せが可能な分子を提供する。
(1)抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域であって、配列番号18〜23のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖可変領域と、
(2)抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域であって、配列番号24〜29のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖可変領域と、
を含む、分子を提供する。
(I)細胞(とくに生細胞)の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するか、
(II)内因性濃度で細胞(とくに生細胞)の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するか
(III)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合してB7−H4とその細胞レセプターとの間の結合をモジュレートするか、
(IV)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍関連マクロファージによる免疫抑制を阻害するか、
(V)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍関連マクロファージの活性をモジュレートするか、
(VI)腫瘍生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍媒介抑制を阻害するか、
(VII)腫瘍生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍特異的細胞溶解を引き起こすか、
またはそれらの任意の組合せが可能な分子を提供する。
米国特許第8,088,376号明細書を参照されたい。
開示されたネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3は、ヒト細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4の活性をモジュレートする能力を有する(とくに、そのようなB7−H4が内因性濃度で発現された場合)。「内因性濃度」という用語は、分子が細胞(この細胞は、正常細胞、癌細胞、または感染細胞である)により天然で(すなわち、発現ベクターまたは組換えプロモーターの不在下で)発現されるレベルを意味する。
抗ヒトB7−H4クローン6H3の軽鎖可変領域:
ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の開示されたヒト化変異体およびその抗原結合誘導体は、典型的には、免疫特異的または物理特異的B7−H4結合分子を含み、ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3と実質的に同一または同一の結合特性を有しうる。たとえば、それらは、ヒト細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4の活性をモジュレートする能力を有する(とくに、そのようなB7−H4が内因性濃度で発現された場合)。
1.VL1AIGKV2−30*02IGKJ4*01(ヒト化1):
1.VL2ACAA85590(ヒト化1):
1.VH1AIGHV1−46*03IGHJ4*01(ヒト化1):
1.VH2AABF83259(ヒト化1):
(1)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR1またはそのヒト化変異体、
(2)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR2またはそのヒト化変異体、
(3)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR3またはそのヒト化変異体、
(4)マウス抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR1および軽鎖CDR2、またはそのヒト化変異体、
(5)マウス抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR1および軽鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、
(6)マウス抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR2および軽鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、あるいは
(7)マウス抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR1、軽鎖CDR2、および軽鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、
を含む。
(1)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR1またはそのヒト化変異体、
(2)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR2またはそのヒト化変異体、
(3)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR3またはそのヒト化変異体、
(4)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR1および重鎖CDR2、またはそのヒト化変異体、
(5)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR1および重鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、
(6)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR2および重鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、あるいは
(7)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR1、重鎖CDR2、および重鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、
を含む。
(1)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR1またはそのヒト化変異体、
(2)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR2またはそのヒト化変異体、
(3)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR3またはそのヒト化変異体、
(4)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR1および軽鎖CDR2、またはそのヒト化変異体、
(5)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR1および軽鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、
(6)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR2および軽鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、あるいは
(7)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の軽鎖CDR1、軽鎖CDR2、および軽鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、
を含み、かつ、重鎖CDRは、
(1)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR1またはそのヒト化変異体、
(2)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR2またはそのヒト化変異体、
(3)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR3またはそのヒト化変異体、
(4)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR1および重鎖CDR2、またはそのヒト化変異体、
(5)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR1および重鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、
(6)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR2および重鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、あるいは
(7)ネズミ抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の重鎖CDR1、重鎖CDR2、および重鎖CDR3、またはそのヒト化変異体、
を含む。
典型的には、開示された抗体は、レシピエント被験体においてB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合する。本明細書で用いられる場合、「被験体」は、好ましくは、哺乳動物、たとえば、非霊長動物(たとえば、ウシ、ブタ、ウマ、ネコ、イヌ、ラットなど)または霊長動物(たとえば、サルおよびヒト)であり、最も好ましくは、ヒトである。好ましい実施形態では、抗体は、ヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するヒト化抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントである。
好ましい実施形態では、開示されたB7−H4結合分子は、B7−H4に結合してB7−H4とそのレセプターとの間の結合を「実質的」に撹乱(すなわち、障害、防止、または減衰)する(たとえば、B7−H4およびそのレセプターの結合部位に近接する破壊的な1つ以上の部位に、またはコンフォメーションが結合により破壊されることにより、レセプターに結合する能力が損なわれる領域に、結合することによるなど)。以上で考察したように、B7−H4とそのレセプターとの間の相互作用は、T細胞の増殖を阻害し、多数のサイトカインの産生を含む炎症を低減する(Zang,X.et al.(2003)B7x:A Widely Expressed B7 Family Member That Inhibits T Cell Activation,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(USA)100:10388−10392、Prasad,D.V.et al.(2003)B7S1,A Novel B7 Family Member That Negatively Regulates T Cell Activation,”Immunity 18:863−873)。したがって、好ましい実施形態では、そのような分子を被験体に投与すると、レセプターに結合する通常のB7−H4がアンタゴナイズされて被験体の免疫反応がアップモジュレートされる。
抗B7−H4抗体は、抗イディオタイプペプチドもしくは抗体(Wallmann,J.et al.(2010)“Anti−Ids in Allergy:Timeliness of a Classic Concept,”World Allergy Organiz.J.3(6):195−201、Nardi,M.et al.(2000)“Antiidiotype Antibody Against Platelet Anti−GpIIIa Contributes To The Regulation Of Thrombocytopenia In HIV−1−ITP Patients,”J.Exp.Med.191(12):2093−2100)、またはB7−H4のミメティック(Zang,Y.C.et al.(2003)“Human Anti−Idiotypic T Cells Induced By TCR Peptides Corresponding To A Common CDR3 Sequence Motif In Myelin Basic Protein−Reactive T Cells,”Int.Immunol.15(9):1073−1080、Loiarro,M.et al.(Epub 2010 Apr 8)“Targeting TLR/IL−1R Signalling In Human Diseases,”Mediators Inflamm.2010:674363)を産生すべく利用可能である。そのような分子は、B7−H4のサロゲートとして機能し、B7−H4レセプター活性をアゴナイズまたは増強するので、被験体へのそれらの投与は、B7−H4結合を模倣または促進するにより、そのような被験体の免疫系をダウンモジュレートする。したがって、そのような分子は、炎症および自己免疫疾患の治療に使用可能である。
種々の送達システムが公知であり、開示された治療用または予防用組成物を投与するために使用可能である。たとえば、リポソーム内への取込み、マイクロ粒子、マイクロカプセル、抗体または融合タンパク質を発現可能な組換え細胞、レセプター媒介エンドサイトーシス(たとえば、Wu et al.,1987,J.Biol.Chem.262:4429−4432を参照されたい)、レトロウイルスベクターまたは他のベクターの一部としての核酸の構築などがある。
本明細書に開示された分子はまた、癌、自己免疫疾患、感染性疾患、または中毒を治療または予防するために、当業者に公知の1つ以上の他の療法、たとえば、限定されるものではないが、現在の標準的および実験的な化学療法、ホルモン療法、生物学的療法、免疫療法、放射線療法、または手術と組み合わせて、投与することが可能である。いくつかの実施形態では、分子は、治療上有効量または予防上有効量の1つ以上の作用剤、治療用抗体、または癌、自己免疫疾患、感染性疾患、もしくは中毒を治療/予防するための当業者に公知の他の作用剤と組み合わせて投与される。そのような作用剤は、たとえば、開示された生物学的反応修飾剤、サイトトキシン、抗代謝剤、アルキル化剤、抗生物質、または免疫療法剤、さらには抗有糸分裂剤のいずれかを含む(たとえば、ERBITUX(商標)(IMC−C225としても知られる)(ImClone Systems Inc.)、EGFRに対するキメラ化モノクローナル抗体、転移性乳癌の患者の治療のためのヒト化抗HER2モノクローナル抗体であるHERCEPTIN(登録商標)(トラスツズマブ)(Genentech,CA)、血栓形成の予防のための血小板上の抗糖タンパク質IIb/IIIaレセプターであるREOPRO(登録商標)(アブシキシマブ)(Centocor)、急性腎臓アロ移植拒絶の予防のための免疫抑制性ヒト化抗CD25モノクローナル抗体であるZENAPAX(登録商標)(ダクリズマブ)(Roche Pharmaceuticals,Switzerland)。他の例は、ヒト化抗CD18F(ab’)2(Genentech)、ヒト化抗CD18F(ab’)2であるCDP860(Celltech,UK)、CD4と融合した抗HIVgp120抗体であるPRO542(Progenics/Genzyme Transgenics)、抗CD14抗体であるC14(ICOS Pharm)、ヒト化抗VEGFIgG1抗体(Genentech)、ネズミ抗CA125抗体であるOVAREX(商標)(Altarex)、ネズミ抗−17−IA細胞表面抗原IgG2a抗体であるPANOREX(商標)(Glaxo Wellcome/Centocor)、キメラ抗EGFRIgG抗体であるIMC−C225(ImClone System)、ヒト化抗αVβ3インテグリン抗体であるVITAXIN(商標)(Applied Molecular Evolution/MedImmune)、ヒト化抗CD52IgG1抗体であるCampath1H/LDP−03(Leukosite)、ヒト化抗CD33IgG抗体であるSmart M195(Protein Design Lab/Kanebo)、キメラ抗CD20IgG1抗体であるRITUXAN(商標)(IDEC Pharm/Genentech,Roche/Zettyaku)、ヒト化抗CD22IgG抗体であるLYMPHOCIDE(商標)(Immunomedics)、ヒト化抗HLA抗体であるSmartID10(Protein Design Lab)であり、ONCOLYM(商標)(Lym−1)は、放射性標識ネズミ抗HLADR抗体であり(Techniclone)、抗CD11aは、ヒト化IgG1抗体であり(Genetech/Xoma)、ICM3(商標)は、ヒト化抗ICAM3抗体であり(ICOS Pharm)、IDEC−114(商標)は、霊長動物化抗CD80抗体であり(IDEC Pharm/Mitsubishi)、ZEVALIN(商標)は、放射性標識ネズミ抗CD20抗体であり(IDEC/Schering AG)、IDEC−131(商標)は、ヒト化抗CD40L抗体であり(IDEC/Eisai)、IDEC−151(商標)は、霊長動物化抗CD4抗体であり(IDEC)、IDEC−152(商標)は、霊長動物化抗CD23抗体であり(IDEC/Seikagaku)、SMART抗CD3は、ヒト化抗CD3IgGであり(Protein Design Lab)、5G1.1(商標)は、ヒト化抗補体因子5(C5)抗体であり(Alexion Pharm)、IDEC−151(商標)は、霊長動物化抗CD4IgG1抗体であり(IDEC Pharm/SmithKline Beecham)、MDX−CD4(商標)は、ヒト抗CD4IgG抗体であり(Medarex/Eisai/Genmab)、CDP571(商標)は、ヒト化抗TNF−αIgG4抗体であり(Celltech)、LDP−02(商標)は、ヒト化抗α4β7抗体であり(LeukoSite/Genentech)、OrthoClone OKT4A(商標)は、ヒト化抗CD4IgG抗体であり(Ortho Biotech)、ANTOVA(商標)は、ヒト化抗CD40LIgG抗体であり(Biogen)、ANTEGREN(商標)は、ヒト化抗VLA−4IgG抗体であり(Elan)、MDX−33(商標)は、ヒト抗CD64(FcγR)抗体であり(Medarex/Centeon)、rhuMab−E25(商標)は、ヒト化抗IgEIgG1抗体であり(Genentech/Norvartis/Tanox Biosystems)、IDEC−152(商標)は、霊長動物化抗CD23抗体であり(IDEC Pharm)、ABX−CBL(商標)は、ネズミ抗CD−147IgM抗体であり(Abgenix)、BTI−322(商標)は、ラット抗CD2 IgG抗体であり(Medimmune/Bio Transplant)、Orthoclone/OKT3(商標)は、ネズミ抗CD3IgG2a抗体であり(ortho Biotech)、SIMULECT(商標)は、キメラ抗CD25IgG1抗体であり(Novartis Pharm)、LDP−01(商標)は、ヒト化抗β2インテグリンIgG抗体であり(LeukoSite)、抗LFA−1(商標)は、ネズミ抗CD18F(ab’)2であり(Pasteur−Merieux/Immunotech)、CAT−152(商標)は、ヒト抗TGF−β2抗体であり(Cambridge Ab Tech)、およびCorsevin M(商標)は、キメラ抗因子VII抗体である(Centocor)など。)。他の実施形態では、開示された分子は、免疫モジュレート作用を増強するために、他の選択肢の免疫モジュレート経路(たとえば、CTLA4、TIM3、TIM4、OX40、CD40、GITR、4−1−BB、B7−H1、PD−1、LIGHT、またはLAG3)を撹乱もしくは増強する分子、またはサイトカイン(たとえば、IL−4、IL−7、IL−10、IL−12、IL−15、IL−17、GFβ、IFNg、Flt3、BLys)やケモカイン(たとえば、CCL21)などのエフェクター分子の活性をモジュレートする分子と組み合わせて投与される。さらに他の実施形態では、開示された分子は、より広い免疫反応を達成するために、免疫反応の異なる段階または側面を活性化する分子と組み合わせて投与される。たとえば、抗B7−H4分子を用いて腫瘍媒介免疫抑制またはTAM媒介免疫抑制をブロックすることは、よりロバストな免疫反応を達成するために、T細胞の活性化または感作を増強する分子と組み合わせることが可能である。
開示された分子の1つ以上を含む組成物を提供する。組成物は、医薬組成物の製造に有用なバルク薬剤組成物(たとえば、不純なまたは非無菌の組成物)、およびユニット製剤の調製に使用可能な医薬組成物(すなわち、被験体または患者への投与に好適な組成物)を含みうる。そのような組成物は、典型的には、予防上有効量または治療上有効量の本明細書に開示された予防剤および/または治療剤、あるいはそれらの作用剤と薬学的に許容可能な担体との組合せを含む。好ましくは、組成物は、予防上有効量または治療上有効量の開示されたヒト化抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントの1つ以上と薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む。
開示されたヒト化抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントが充填された1つ以上の容器を含む医薬パックおよびキットをも提供する。そのほかに、医薬パックまたはキットには、疾患の治療に有用な1つ以上の他の予防剤または治療剤もまた含まれうる。医薬パックまたはキットは、医薬組成物の1つ以上の成分が充填された1つ以上の容器を含みうる。任意選択で、そのような容器に関連付けられるのは、医薬品または生物学的製剤の製造、使用、または販売を規制する政府機関により指定された形態の注意書きでありうる。この注意書きは、ヒトに投与するための製造、使用、または販売が監督官庁により認可されたことを反映したものである。
開示された抗B7−H4結合分子は、診断目的で、たとえば、B7−H4発現に関連付けられる疾患、障害、もしくは感染を検出、診断、もしくはモニターするために、または好適な患者集団もしくはプロファイルの決定もしくは同定を決定もしくは支援するために、使用可能である。疾患、障害、または感染、とくに自己免疫疾患の検出または診断は、(a)抗原に免疫特異的に結合する1つ以上の抗体(またはそのフラグメント)を用いて、被験体の細胞、血清、血漿、血液、または組織サンプルで、B7−H4またはその誘導体の発現をアッセイすることと、(b)抗原のレベルを対照レベル、たとえば、正常組織サンプルのレベルと比較することにより、抗原の対照レベルと比較してアッセイされた抗原のレベルの増加または減少を、疾患、障害、または感染の指標とすることと、を含みうる。そのような抗体およびフラグメントは、好ましくは、酵素結合免疫吸着アッセイ(ELISA)、放射線免疫アッセイ(RIA)、蛍光活性化細胞選別(FACS)などの免疫アッセイで利用される。
抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の特徴付け
材料および方法
ナイーブT(CD4+CD62L+)細胞を最初にDO11.10マウスから分離し、組換えTGF−β(10ng/mL)、IL−6(50ng/mL)、IL−23(4ng/mL)、抗IL−4(1μg/mL)、抗IFN−γ(1μg/mL)、および抗IL−2(1μg/mL)と、OVA特異的刺激のためのOVA323−339パルスAPC(APC/OVA)と、の存在下で、Th17細胞に分極化させた。種々の用量のネズミB7−H4Igまたは対照IgGを培養物に直接添加し、5μg/mLの6H3の存在下で3日間培養した。増殖評価のために、採取の24時間前に1μciの[3H]チミジンを添加した。T細胞増殖をチミジン取込みにより評価した(図2A)。コンディショニングされた培養上清をIL−17産生に関し解析した(図2B)。
多くの独立した手法を用いて、抗体6H3がヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合可能であることを確証した。そのような1つ手法では、Th17(またTh1)分化のB7−H4Ig媒介阻害をブロックする抗体の能力を評価した。したがって、対照IgまたはネズミB7−H4.Igの存在下、Th17分極化条件下で、8〜9週齢のNODマウスの脾細胞を抗CD3/CD28と共に3日間培養した。培養物中でB7−H4.Igの作用を中和する抗体6H3(10mg/ml)の能力を評価した。この実験の結果、チミジンの取込みの減少により示されるように(図2A)、さらにはIL−17の発現の低減により示されるように(図2B)、B7−H4Igの投与により増殖が阻害されたことが示される。この阻害は、抗体6H3の投与(または共投与)により逆転される。フローサイトメトリーを用いてIL−17の産生を評価した。
抗B7−H4抗体6H3はB7−H4IgC領域を認識する
材料および方法
B7−H4細胞外ドメインのさまざまなセグメントからなる、PBS中に希釈された100μlの1μg/mlヒトIgG1Fc融合タンパク質を4℃で一晩かけて平底96ウェルプレート(Costar 9017)上に固定した。B7−H4融合タンパク質は、変異体1:配列番号1のIgV残基29〜149、変異体2:配列番号1のIgV残基29〜154、変異体3:配列番号1のIgV残基29〜158、変異体4:ECD−hIgG4、変異体5:配列番号1のIgC残基154〜259、変異体6:ECDhIgG1配列番号7を含む)。プレートをPBS+0.1%PS−20で2回洗浄し、そして室温で1時間かけて200μl/ウェルPBS10%FBSでブロックした。PBS10%FBS中に希釈されたマウス抗ヒトB7−H4抗体2H9、2D1、2E11、6H3、8E11、またはH74の希釈液をプレートに添加し、室温で1時間インキュベートした。プレートを3回洗浄し、100μlの1μg/ml抗マウスIgHRP(Sigma)を各ウェルに添加し、そして室温で1時間インキュベートした。プレートを6回洗浄し、100μlのTMB培地(SurModics)を各ウェルに5〜15分間添加した。100μlの停止液(0.1M硫酸)を各ウェルに添加した。プレートをAbsorbance 450nm by PerkinElmer EnVision 2104 Multilabel Readerで読み取った。
B7−H4の細胞外ドメインは、IgV様ドメイン(配列番号1の残基Ile48〜Phe150)およびIgC様ドメインを含有する(配列番号1の残基Val157〜Gly236)(Sica,G.L.et al.(2003)“B7−H4,A Molecule Of The B7 Family,Negatively Regulates T Cell Immunity,”Immunity18:849−861)。IgV様ドメインは、CD28に対する完全結合部位を含有し、IgC様ドメインは、CTLA4への親和性の増加に関与すると考えられている(Inobe,M.et al.(1994)“Identification Of An Alternatively Spliced Form Of The Murine Homologue Of B7,”Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.200(1):443−449)。
抗ヒトB7−H4クローン2H9
軽鎖可変領域:
軽鎖可変領域:
抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3は、他の抗ヒトB7−H4抗体と比較して予想外の特性を有する
材料および方法
ナイーブCD4+T細胞(CD4+CD62L+)をDO11.10マウスから分離し、増加濃度のヒトB7−H4Ig+10μg/mL抗B7−H4Abの存在下でOVA323−339ペプチドで3日間パルスされたBalb/Cマウスから採取された照射抗原提示細胞(APC)と共に培養した。チミジン取込み解析前の最後の24時間で[3H]−チミジンを培養物に添加した。
抗B7−H4抗体は、T細胞活性化のB7−H4Ig媒介抑制をブロックする。抗体6H3の示差性を実証するために、漸増濃度のヒトB7−H4Ig+10mg/mLの抗B7−H4mAb2E11および2H9の存在下で、照射OVA特異的抗原提示細胞(APC)と共に、ナイーブCD4+T細胞(DO11.10マウスから分離された)を培養した。抗B7−H4抗体2H9の軽鎖および重鎖の可変領域のアミノ酸配列は、配列番号8〜9である。抗B7−H4抗体2E11の軽鎖および重鎖の可変領域のアミノ酸配列は、以下のとおりである(CDRには下線が付されている)。
抗ヒトB7−H4クローン2E11
軽鎖可変領域
抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3はB7−H4の細胞表面内在化を誘導する
材料および方法
細胞の表面上に発現されたB7−H4(すなわち、膜結合B7−H4)の内在化を誘導する抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の能力を実証するために、抗体6H3および対照抗体をCypHer5E NHS Ester(内在化されると酸性リソソーム区画で最大の蛍光を発するpH感受性シアニン染料)で標識した。ヒトB7−H4を発現する安定HEK293T細胞系(293T.hB7−H4)と共に、またはB7−H4陽性乳癌腫瘍細胞系SK−BR−3(ATCC)の細胞と共に、CypHer5E標識6H3抗体を種々の時間インキュベートした。BD FACS Canto II装置を用いてフローサイトメトリーにより決定されたCypHer5E蛍光の増加として、抗体内在化を測定した。
この研究の結果は、図11A〜11Bおよび図12A〜12Bに示されており、B7−H4トランスフェクト細胞系およびB7−H4陽性乳癌細胞系SK−BR−3の両方の表面上に発現されたB7−H4の抗体6H3誘導ロバスト内在化を明らかにする。そのような内在化は、両方の細胞系の表面B7−H4レベルを減少させた。抗体6H3を用いれば、B7−H4陽性腫瘍、腫瘍細胞、または腫瘍関連マクロファージ(TAM)を標的として、それらのそれぞれのB7−H4表面レベルを低減させ、腫瘍またはTAMのB7−H4媒介免疫抑制を阻害することが可能であることが、結果から確認される。抗体6H3のコンジュゲート(たとえば、薬剤トキシンコンジュゲートなど)を利用すれば、B7−H4陽性腫瘍、腫瘍細胞、および腫瘍関連マクロファージ(TAM)を選択的に標的として死滅させることが可能であることが、結果からさらに確認される。図12A〜12Bは、CypHer標識6H3と共にインキュベートしている間のB7−H4陽性ヒト乳癌細胞系SK−BR3細胞上のB7−H4表面染色およびCypHer蛍光を対照と比較して経時的に示すヒストグラムである。
抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3はIHCによりB7−H4陽性細胞を染色可能である
材料および方法
クローン6H3を用いてIHCによりヒト組織試料でのB7−H4発現を評価し、アルカリ性ペルオキシダーゼおよびDABを用いて検出し、スライドを病理学者により解読した。また、医学的診断で広く使用される染色であるヘマトキシリン−エオシン染色(H+E)を用いて、同一の試料からのスライドを染色した。
B7−H4陽性細胞を検出する抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の能力を実証するために、抗体を標識して組織の存在下でインキュベートした。図13A〜13Cは、組織を(H+E)で染色したときに正常に見えた試料のB7−H4陽性腫瘍細胞を検出する抗体の能力を示している。図13Aおよび13Bは、H+E染色で正常に見えた6H3染色唾液腺組織の画像である。B7−H4は、腺管上皮細胞により最も強く発現されるように思われる(両方の画像の右上に最もよく見られた)。腺房細胞による発現は、ほとんど存在しない(右下)。図13Cは、卵巣の2つの異なるただし関連する漿液性嚢胞性病変を示している。左側パネルは、良性(漿液性嚢胞腺腫)であり、右側パネルは、悪性漿液性嚢胞腺癌である。両方のパネルで、上皮は、B7−H4を発現するが、悪性のものは、良性腫瘍よりも強く、管腔内表面上では発現が亢進されるように思われる。そのような強度の増加は、B7−H4の過剰発現を反映するものと考えられている。
抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化
相同性モデル抗体3D構造を生成することと、構造モデリングに基づいて親抗体のプロファイルを形成することと、を含むプロセスを用いて、ネズミ抗B7−H4抗体6H3をヒト化した。一群のヒト化重鎖およびヒト化軽鎖の可変領域配列を生成した。それらはそれぞれ、親抗体配列の特異的領域と、ヒトフレームワーク配列の大部分と、を組み合わせたものであった。合計で6つのヒト化重鎖配列および6つのヒト化軽鎖配列を生成した。
1.VL1AIGKV2−30*02IGKJ4*01(ヒト化1):
1.VL2ACAA85590(ヒト化1):
1.VH1AIGHV1−46*03IGHJ4*01(ヒト化1):
1.VH2AABF83259(ヒト化1):
キメラ6H3抗体およびヒト化6H3抗体は細胞により内在化される
材料および方法
抗B7−H4抗体6H3のキメラ変異体およびヒト化変異体
以下の実施例のキメラ6H3(ヒトキメラ6H3、c6H3、およびhc6H3としても参照される)は、マウス軽鎖および重鎖の可変領域(配列番号3および5)と、ヒトIgG1重鎖およびヒトκ軽鎖からの定常領域と、を含むキメラ6H3抗体を意味する。表7の軽鎖可変領域および重鎖可変領域の組合せを有する6H3のヒト化変異体を調製した。以下の実施例では変異体1〜14(V1〜V14としても参照される)として参照される。
EG7細胞
EG7(B7−H4陰性細胞)、EG7.IG7(B7−H4低発現細胞)、およびEG7.IVB3(B7−H4高発現細胞)内への内在化に関して、pH感受性発蛍光団CypHER−5で標識されたキメラ6H3変異体およびヒト化6H3変異体を試験した。
また、624mel/hB7−H4安定細胞系で、キメラ抗B7−H4抗体(c2E11、c2H9、c2D1、c6H3)およびヒト変異体抗B7−H4抗体の内在化を調べた。簡潔に述べると、細胞をCypHer5標識抗B7−H4抗体(10μg/ml)で30分間パルスし、1回洗浄して非結合プローブを除去し、そして4時間にわたり37℃でインキュベートした。細胞表面B7−H4発現および抗体内在化をフローサイトメトリーにより測定した。
また、抗B7−H4抗体の内在化をCT26/hB7−H4安定細胞系−クローンE4F2で調べた。簡潔に述べると、CypHer5標識抗B7−H4抗体(2μg/ml)を用いて100,000細胞を37℃で4時間標識した。0.1%アジ化ナトリウムを用いて細胞を氷上で30分間前処理した。次いで、0.1%アジドを含有するCypHer5標識抗B7−H4抗体を用いてこれらの細胞を4℃で4時間標識をした。インキュベーション時間後、すべての細胞をペレット化して、Fcブロッキング媒体中に再懸濁させ、細胞表面上のB7−H4レベルを測定すべくPE標識抗B7−H4抗体(H74)で染色した。次いで、細胞を洗浄して、Live/Dead近赤外生体染色色素で染色した。
また、マウス6H3.m1(マウスIgG1)mAbおよびマウス6H3.m2a(マウスIgG2a)mAbの内在化を含めて、抗B7−H4抗体の内在化を、CT26/hB7−H4およびE.G7ova/hB7−H4安定細胞系で調べた。簡潔に述べると、培地中でCypHer5標識抗B7−H4抗体(2μg/ml)を用いて100K細胞を37℃で4時間標識した。標識前、10μgマウスIgGを用いて細胞を10分間Fcレセプターブロックした。次いで、細胞をペレット化し、洗浄し、細胞表面上のB7−H4レベルを測定すべくPE標識抗B7−H4抗体(H74)で染色した。最後に、細胞を洗浄し、Live/Dead(商標)近赤外生体染色色素で染色し、固定した。
B7−H4mAbキメラ6H3、キメラ2E11、キメラ2H9、キメラ2D1、6H3ヒト化変異体V2、V6、V7、V9、V12、およびV14を、内在化されると酸性リソソーム区画で最大の蛍光を発するCypHer5E NHS Ester(pH感受性シアニン染料)で標識した。1μg/ml CypHer5E標識6H3、2E11、2H9、2D1、または6H3ヒト化変異体V2、V6、V7、V9、V12、およびV14を、種々の時間にわたり、293T.hB7−H4またはB7−H4陽性乳癌腫瘍細胞系SK−BR−3途にインキュベートし、共焦点蛍光顕微鏡(Perkin Elmer Operetta)により内在化をモニターした(データは示されていない)。
キメラ6H3は、内在化に有利な染色プロトコル(37℃、4hr)の間、EG7.IG7(B7−H4低発現細胞)およびEG7.IVB3(B7−H4高発現細胞)の両方で陰性対照を超えるレベルで内在化された。
6H3のキメラ変異体およびヒト化変異体は抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害を誘導する
材料および方法
ADCCアッセイ
エフェクター細胞による標的細胞溶解を媒介する6H3のキメラ6H3およびヒト化変異体の能力を試験すべく、抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害(ADCC)アッセイを設計した。
キメラ6H3およびEG7.B7H4標的細胞を利用した初期アッセイでは、標的細胞の特異的溶解は、試験したすべての比で4つすべてのドナーで検出された。図19A〜19Cは、3つの異なるエフェクター細胞:標的細胞比での結果を示している。in vivo ADCC活性に最もよく反映されることから、20:1を将来的アッセイのために選択した。
6H3は補体依存性細胞傷害を誘導しない
材料および方法
補体依存性細胞傷害(CDC)を誘導する6H3抗体の能力を試験すべく、アッセイを設計した。標的としてSK−BR−3細胞(ATCC)を利用した。6H3または対照タンパク質および代謝インジケーター色素AlamarBlue(Life Technologies)の存在下で、標的細胞をニートなまたは希釈された正常ヒト血清補体(Quidel)と混合した。HERCEPTIN(登録商標)(ヒトIgG1抗体でもある)を陽性対照として使用し、ヒトIgG1アイソタイプ対照を陰性対照として使用した。EnVisionプレートリーダー(PerkinElmer)を用いて、AlamarBlueの相対蛍光強度(生存細胞の数に比例する)を測定した。
SK−BR−3細胞は、補体耐性因子(たとえば、CD46、CD55、CD59)を発現するので、きわめて多量の補体を利用した。ニート、1:2、および1:5希釈の補体を用いて、HERCEPTIN(登録商標)媒介死滅を観測した。試験したいずれの条件下でも、CDC活性は、c6H3で観測されなかった(図24A〜24B)。
6H3はB7−H4発現する細胞のCTL媒介溶解を増強する
材料および方法
CTL媒介溶解アッセイでは、抗原性SIINFEKL(配列番号30)ペプチドでパルスされIL−2が追加されたAPCの存在下でin vitroで感作されたOT−1 TCRトランスジェニックCD8T細胞を利用する。次いで、蛍光標識標的細胞を用いてさまざまなエフェクター対標的比(E:T)でCTLを共インキュベートする。
B7−H4発現細胞のCTL媒介溶解に及ぼすキメラ6H3抗体のさまざまな濃度の影響をさまざまなエフェクター:標的細胞比で調べた。図25に示されるように、Ag−と比較してAg+標的の頻度は、E:T比の増加に伴って減少する。
6H3はルイス肺癌同系腫瘍モデルで腫瘍体積を低減し生存率を増加させる
材料および方法
ルイス肺癌(LLC)細胞を27Bl6マウスに接種した。腫瘍を有するマウス(150〜250mm3)を選択し、8日目に3つのグループ(9マウス/グループ)に分けた。マウス6H3.m1(マウスIgG1)mAbまたはマウス6H3.m2a(マウスIgG2a)mAbまたは配合緩衝液を用いて、マウスを10mg/kgで毎週2回処理した(合計5回の投与)。腫瘍サイズを毎週3回モニターした。
エフェクター機能の可能性があるまたはない癌モデルで抗B7−H4mAbの有効性を評価すべく、実験を設計した。ルイス肺癌(LLC)モデルを選択した。その理由は、部分的には、このモデルでB7−H4発現がin vivo腫瘍および腫瘍関連マクロファージで観測されたことにある。確立されたLLC細胞腫瘍を有するマウスをマウス6H3.m1(マウスIgG1)またはマウス6H3.m2a(マウスIgG2a)で処理し、腫瘍マウス経時的にモニターした。
CT26.B7H4同種同系ネズミ腫瘍モデル
材料および方法
0日目、尾静脈注射を介してマウスにCT26−B7H4(1E05)を接種し、10日目または14日目、10mg/kgまたは1mg/kgのマウス6H3.m1(マウスIgG1)またはマウス6H3.m2a(マウスIgG2a)による処理を開始した。24日目、マウスを安楽死させ、肺中の腫瘍結節の数およびサイズを記録した。すべての実験グループから肺を摘出し、定着液中に貯蔵した。実験計画およびスケジュールは、以下に示される。各グループあたり12〜13匹のマウスで毎週2回投与した。
CT26−B7H4転移性肺腫瘍モデルで6H3抗体の有効性を試験した。処理の不在下での腫瘍の増殖速度を図29Aに経時的に示す。実験アッセイでは、0日目、尾静脈注射を介してマウスにCT26−B7H4(1E05)を接種し、10日目または14日目、10mg/kgまたは1mg/kgのマウス6H3.m1(マウスIgG1)またはマウス6H3.m2a(マウスIgG2a)による処理を開始した。一般的には、配合緩衝液を与えたマウスが6%体重減少し、24日目に病状を示したこと以外は、体重の有意な変化はなかった。転移腫瘍の数は、6H3.mIgG2a処理で有意に減少された(p<0.001)(図29B)。
毒性の評価
材料および方法
7〜9週齢、8匹/グループのBALB/cマウスを、毎週1回1ヶ月間(5回投与)、100mg/kgの投与量の6H3.mIgG1、6H3.mIgG2a、または配合緩衝液で処理した。4回目の投与後、血中グルコースを試験した。
免疫エフェクター機能の可能性があるものとないものとを対比して、抗B7−H4抗体の毒性の予備評価を提供すべく、毒性学研究を行った。すべてのマウスが予定屠殺まで生き残った。血糖値は、影響を受けなかった(図30)。試験品に関連付けられる毒性作用は、検出されなかった。4回目の投与後、ピークおよびトラフの抗体濃度を評価した。高い血清中濃度が確認され、CmaxとCminとの間に中程度の差が観測された(図31および32A〜32B)。
6H3のヒト化変異体の結合の特徴付け
材料および方法
PBS中に希釈された100μlの1μg/ml B7−H4ECDhisタグ付きタンパク質(Sinobiologics)を、平底96ウェルプレート(Costar 9017)上に4℃で一晩固定した。プレートをPBS+0.1%PS−20で2回洗浄し、そして室温で1時間かけて200μl/ウェルPBS10%FBSでブロックした。PBS10%FBS中に希釈された100μlのキメラ6H3および14種の選択された6H3ヒト化変異体を各ウェルに添加し、室温で1時間インキュベートした。プレートを3回洗浄し、100μlの1μg/ml抗ヒトIgHRP(Sigma)を各ウェルに添加し、そして室温で1時間インキュベートした。プレートを6回洗浄し、100μlのTMB培地(SurModics)を各ウェルに5〜15分間添加した。100μlの停止液(0.1M硫酸)を各ウェルに添加した。プレートをAbsorbance 450nm by PerkinElmer EnVision 2104 Multilabel Readerで読み取った。
ヒトキメラ6H3と比較してB7−H4細胞外ドメインへのヒト化変異体6H3抗体の結合を特徴付けるべく、ELISAアッセイを設計した。
ヒト化6H3の競合結合の特徴付け
材料および方法
0.5ng/ml〜100μg/mLの範囲内で14種のヒト化6H3抗体変異体の12点3倍希釈系列を調製した。5ng/mlでビオチン化マウス抗ヒトB7−H46H3(軽鎖可変領域および重鎖可変領域それぞれに対して配列番号3および5)を含有するアッセイ希釈液中に希釈を行った。室温で1時間にわたりB7−H4−Ig被覆アッセイプレート(200ng/ウェル)に抗体を結合させ、ストレプトアビジンHRPで検出した。
14種のヒト化6H3抗体変異体(V1−V14)で競合ELISAアッセイを行った。競合結合の利点は、比較されるmAbが標識されずに直接検出されることであり、したがって、標識や二次抗体への結合の差が相対親和性に影響を及ぼすおそれがない。
ヒト化6H3の飽和結合の特徴付け
材料および方法
6H3のキメラ6H3 mAbおよびヒト化変異体を用いて、624mel/B7−H4細胞で飽和度結合実験を行った。簡潔に述べると、B7−H4内在化を阻害するために50,000細胞を0.1%アジドにより氷上で30分間前処理し、次いで、ビオチン化抗B7−H4mAbで30分間染色した。200μg/mL〜1ng/mlの範囲内でmAbを12点3倍希釈系列に希釈した。細胞をストレプトアビジンPEで10分間染色し、洗浄し、固定し、フローサイトメトリーにより解析した。
図35A〜35Bは、生データ(図35A)およびバックグラウンド除去データ(図35B)の結合曲線である。バックグラウンド除去データは、抗PD−1抗体からの平均シグナル(245MFI)をすべての他の点から引き算することにより生成された。引き算された値を用いて、kdおよびBmaxを決定した。抗体は、Kd値に基づいて2つのグループに分類されるように思われる(表10)。
内在化は結合およびKd推定に影響を及ぼす
材料および方法
各染色に対して、20万個のHEK293.hB7H4トランスフェクタンを100μlのフローサイトメトリー緩衝液(PBS+2%FBS)中に再懸濁させた。キメラ6H3および14種のヒト化変異体の段階希釈液0、0.1ng、0.3ng、1ng、3ng、10ng、30ng、100ng、300ng、1μg、3μg、および10μgを細胞に添加し、4℃で30分間インキュベートした。次いで、細胞を2mlフローサイトメトリー緩衝液で2回洗浄し、100μlフローサイトメトリー緩衝液中に再懸濁させた。1μlの抗hIgPE二次抗体(Biolegend)を添加し、細胞と共に15分間インキュベートした。次いで、サンプルを洗浄し、100μlフローサイトメトリー緩衝液中に再懸濁させた。プレート方式でBD Canto(BD Biosciences)を用いてフローサイトメトリーデータを取得し、FlowJoソフトウェアにより解析した。次いで、染色データ(MFI)をPrism5ソフトウェアに入力し、結合曲線を作成した。片側部位特異的結合アルゴリズムを用いた曲線当てはめにより、各変異体の個別のKDを計算する。
B7−H4を発現するHEK293トランスフェクタント細胞への6H3のヒト化変異体の結合動態を決定すべく、アッセイを設計した。結果を以下の表11および図36に示す。抗体の細胞内在化が細胞結合およびKd推定に影響を及ぼすことが、結果から示唆される。
6H3はマウスB7−H4に結合する
材料および方法
PBS中に希釈された100μlの1μg/ml B7−H4ECDmIgG2aFc融合タンパク質を、平底96ウェルプレート(Costar 9017)上に4℃で一晩固定した。プレートをPBS+0.1%PS−20で2回洗浄し、そして室温で1時間かけて200μl/ウェルPBS10%FBSでブロックした。PBS10%FBS中に希釈された100μlのキメラ6H3および14種の選択された6H3ヒト化変異体を各ウェルに添加し、室温で1時間インキュベートした。プレートを3回洗浄し、100μlの1μg/ml抗ヒトIgHRP(Sigma)を各ウェルに添加し、そして室温で1時間インキュベートした。プレートを6回洗浄し、100μlのTMB培地(SurModics)を各ウェルに5〜15分間添加した。100μlの停止液(0.1M硫酸)を各ウェルに添加した。プレートをAbsorbance 450nm by PerkinElmer EnVision 2104 Multilabel Readerで読み取った。
マウスB7−H4−mIg融合タンパク質への結合能力に基づいて6H3のヒト化変異体がマウスB7−H4に結合するかを決定すべく、ELISAアッセイを設計した。結果を以下の表12および図37に示す。試験した14種の変異体はすべて、ヒトキメラ6H3結合と比較してマウスB7−H4への±2倍の親和性を維持した。これらの結果から、細胞および/または動物がマウスB7−H4タンパク質を発現するネズミモデル系を用いて、6H3のヒト変異体の機能分析を行いうることが示唆される。
6H3はB7−H4−Igの作用を逆転する
材料および方法
免疫化後8日目、マウスリンパ節(LN)をPLP139−151免疫SJLマウスから採取した。10μg/mLのPLP139−151および10μg/mLのB7−H4Ig(配列番号31)または対照Igと、さまざまな濃度の6H3のヒト化変異体(10、3.33、1.11、および0μg/mL)と、を用いて、LN T細胞を刺激した。T細胞増殖評価のために培養の最後の48時間の間、[3H]−チミジンを培養物中に添加した。IL−17、IFNγ、およびIL−10の産生に関して、調整培養培地を解析した。
B7−H4−Igによる細胞の処理に及ぼす6H3のヒト化変異体の影響を試験すべく、アッセイを設計した。図38A〜38Dは、アッセイの結果を示している。6H3またはヒト化変異体2、6、7、11、12、もしくは14と共にB7−H4−Ig処理細胞をインキュベートすると、IL−17(図38A)やIFNγ(図38B)などの炎症誘発性サイトカインの分泌が増加し、およびは、細胞増殖([3H]−チミジン取込み)が増加し(図38C)、かつIL−10(図38D)などの抗炎症性サイトカインの分泌が低減する。これらの結果から、6H3およびヒト化変異体は、B7−H4−Ig媒介免疫阻害反応を逆転することが示唆される。
Claims (39)
- 抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の抗原結合フラグメントを含む分子であって、前記分子が、ヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合し、かつ前記抗原結合フラグメントが、
(1)抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域であって、配列番号18〜23のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖可変領域と、
(2)抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域であって、配列番号24〜29のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖可変領域と、
を含む、分子。 - 前記分子が、
(I)細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するか、
(II)内因性濃度で生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するか、
(III)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合してB7−H4とその細胞レセプターとの間の結合をモジュレートするか、
(IV)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍関連マクロファージによる免疫抑制を阻害するか、
(V)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍関連マクロファージの活性をモジュレートするか、
(VI)腫瘍生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍媒介抑制を阻害するか、または
(VII)腫瘍生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍特異的細胞溶解を引き起こす、
請求項1に記載の分子。 - 前記分子が、
(1)アミノ酸配列配列番号19を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号24を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(2)アミノ酸配列配列番号19を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号26を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(3)アミノ酸配列配列番号19を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号28を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(4)アミノ酸配列配列番号19を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号29を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(5)アミノ酸配列配列番号20を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号26を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(6)アミノ酸配列配列番号20を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号28を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(7)アミノ酸配列配列番号20を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号29を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(8)アミノ酸配列配列番号22を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号24を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(9)アミノ酸配列配列番号22を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号26を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(10)アミノ酸配列配列番号22を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号28を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(11)アミノ酸配列配列番号22を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号29を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(12)アミノ酸配列配列番号23を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号26を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
(13)アミノ酸配列配列番号23を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号28を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、または
(14)アミノ酸配列配列番号23を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域、およびアミノ酸配列配列番号29を含む抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域、
を含む、請求項1〜2のいずれか一項に記載の分子。 - 前記分子が、検出可能に標識されるか、またはコンジュゲートされた毒素、薬剤、レセプター、酵素、レセプターリガンドを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、前記細胞内に内在化可能であり、かつ前記細胞の死滅を媒介可能である、請求項2〜4のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記生細胞が、腫瘍細胞、病原体感染細胞、またはマクロファージである、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が抗体であり、かつ前記抗体が、
(I)モノクローナル抗体、ヒト抗体、キメラ抗体、もしくはヒト化抗体、または
(ii)二重特異的抗体、三重特異的抗体、もしくは多重特異的抗体、
である、請求項1に記載の分子。 - 前記分子がIgG1抗体またはIgG4抗体である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記分子がADCC活性を有し、かつ直接的な腫瘍死滅活性もしくはTAM死滅活性が可能であり、かつ/またはTAM媒介抑制もしくは腫瘍媒介抑制を阻害可能である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、B7−H4および同一細胞上の異なる分子に結合可能な二重特異的抗体、三重特異的抗体、または多重特異的抗体である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の治療上有効量または予防上有効量の分子と、生理学的に許容可能な担体または賦形剤と、を含む、癌または感染性疾患を治療するための医薬組成物であって、前記分子が、B7−H4媒介抑制をアンタゴナイズして免疫反応をアップモジュレートする、医薬組成物。
- 癌もしくは感染性疾患の症状を呈する被験体において癌もしくは感染性疾患を治療するための、または前記症状が現れる前の被験体において癌もしくは感染性疾患を予防するための、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物の使用。
- 慢性ウイルス性疾患を治療するための前記組成物であり、かつ前記使用が前記慢性ウイルス性疾患の治療である、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験体において疾患の存在を診断するための細胞学的アッセイにおける使用であり、前記細胞学的アッセイが、前記分子に結合する能力に関して前記被験体の細胞をアッセイすることを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の分子の使用。
- 前記疾患が癌またはT細胞の数もしくは健康に影響を及ぼす疾患である、請求項14に記載の使用。
- 抗癌剤で腫瘍を治療すべく被験体の適合性を決定するための使用であり、前記使用が、前記腫瘍のマイクロ環境内の腫瘍関連マクロファージの有効濃度または実際の濃度を決定することを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の分子の使用。
- 前記抗癌剤の用量または前記抗癌剤を用いた前記治療が、前記腫瘍関連マクロファージの決定された有効濃度または実際の濃度に基づいて設定または調整される、請求項16に記載の使用。
- B7−H4発現腫瘍関連マクロファージの有効濃度の上昇を呈すると同定された患者おいて癌を治療する際の、請求項11に記載の治療上有効量の医薬組成物の使用。
- 前記腫瘍または前記癌の前記治療が、化学療法、ホルモン療法、生物学的療法、免疫療法、放射線療法、または手術を追加的に含む、請求項12、16、または18のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 抗体6H3の抗原結合フラグメントを含む分子であって、ヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合する、分子。
- 前記分子が、
(I)細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するか、
(II)内因性濃度で生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合するか、
(III)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合してB7−H4とその細胞レセプターとの間の結合をモジュレートするか、
(IV)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍関連マクロファージによる免疫抑制を阻害するか、
(V)生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍関連マクロファージの活性をモジュレートするか、
(VI)腫瘍生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍媒介抑制を阻害するか、または
(VII)腫瘍生細胞の表面上に配置されたヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合して腫瘍特異的細胞溶解を引き起こす、
請求項20に記載の分子。 - 前記分子が、検出可能に標識されるか、またはコンジュゲートされた毒素、薬剤、レセプター、酵素、レセプターリガンドを含む、請求項20〜21のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、前記細胞内に内在化可能であり、かつ前記細胞の死滅を媒介可能である、請求項21〜22のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記生細胞が、腫瘍細胞、病原体感染細胞、またはマクロファージである、請求項21〜23のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が抗体であり、かつ前記抗体が、
(I)モノクローナル抗体、ヒト抗体、キメラ抗体、もしくはヒト化抗体、または
(ii)二重特異的抗体、三重特異的抗体、もしくは多重特異的抗体、
である、請求項20に記載の分子。 - 前記分子がIgG1抗体またはIgG4抗体である、請求項20〜25のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記分子がADCC活性を有し、かつ直接的な腫瘍死滅活性もしくはTAM死滅活性が可能であり、かつ/またはTAM媒介抑制もしくは腫瘍媒介抑制を阻害可能である、請求項20〜26のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、B7−H4および同一細胞上の異なる分子に結合可能な二重特異的抗体、三重特異的抗体、または多重特異的抗体である、請求項20〜27のいずれか一項に記載の分子。
- 請求項20〜28のいずれか一項に記載の治療上有効量または予防上有効量の分子と、生理学的に許容可能な担体または賦形剤と、を含む、癌または感染性疾患を治療するための医薬組成物であって、前記分子が、B7−H4媒介抑制をアンタゴナイズして免疫反応をアップモジュレートする、医薬組成物。
- 癌もしくは感染性疾患の症状を呈する被験体において癌もしくは感染性疾患を治療するための、または前記症状が現れる前の被験体において癌もしくは感染性疾患を予防するための、請求項29に記載の医薬組成物の使用。
- 慢性ウイルス性疾患を治療するための前記組成物であり、かつ前記使用が前記慢性ウイルス性疾患の治療である、請求項29に記載の医薬組成物または請求項34に記載のその使用。
- 被験体において疾患の存在を診断するための細胞学的アッセイにおける使用であり、前記細胞学的アッセイが、前記分子に結合する能力に関して前記被験体の細胞をアッセイすることを含む、請求項20〜28のいずれか一項に記載の分子の使用。
- 前記疾患が癌またはT細胞の数もしくは健康に影響を及ぼす疾患である、請求項32に記載の使用。
- 抗癌剤で腫瘍を治療すべく被験体の適合性を決定するための使用であり、前記使用が、前記腫瘍中の腫瘍関連マクロファージの有効濃度または実際の濃度を決定することを含む、請求項21〜28のいずれか一項に記載の分子の使用。
- 前記抗癌剤の用量または前記抗癌剤を用いた前記治療が、前記腫瘍関連マクロファージの決定された有効濃度または実際の濃度に基づいて設定または調整される、請求項34に記載の使用。
- B7−H4発現腫瘍関連マクロファージの有効濃度の上昇を呈すると同定された患者おいて癌を治療する際の、請求項29に記載の治療上有効量の医薬組成物の使用。
- 前記腫瘍または前記癌の前記治療が、化学療法、ホルモン療法、生物学的療法、免疫療法、放射線療法、または手術を追加的に含む、請求項30、34、または36のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- マウス抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3の抗原結合フラグメントを含む分子であって、前記分子が、ヒトB7−H4に免疫特異的に結合し、かつ前記抗原結合フラグメントが、
(1)抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のマウスの軽鎖可変領域であって、配列番号3のアミノ酸配列を有する軽鎖可変領域と、および
(2)抗ヒトB7−H4抗体6H3のマウスの重鎖可変領域であって、配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖可変領域と、
を含む、分子。 - 前記使用が、腫瘍細胞の表面上のB7−H4のレベルを免疫組織化学により決定することと、腫瘍細胞上のB7−H4のレベルが同一組織からの非腫瘍細胞と比較して上昇していれば前記被験体が治療に適していると判定することと、を含む、抗癌剤で腫瘍を治療すべく被験体の適合性を決定するための請求項1〜10または38のいずれか一項に記載の分子の使用。
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US11433141B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 | 2022-09-06 | Shizuoka Prefecture | Anti-B7-H4 antibody |
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AU2013361231A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
CA2894689A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
EP2934575A2 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
KR20150100716A (ko) | 2015-09-02 |
WO2014100439A3 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
WO2014100439A2 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
CN104955475A (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
MX2015007846A (es) | 2016-04-28 |
JP2016505843A (ja) | 2016-02-25 |
BR112015014063A2 (pt) | 2018-10-30 |
RU2015129551A (ru) | 2017-01-25 |
US9574000B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
EP2934576A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
HK1210027A1 (en) | 2016-04-15 |
CA2894879A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
US20150315275A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
WO2014100483A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
AU2013361275B2 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
AU2013361275A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
SG11201504764SA (en) | 2015-07-30 |
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