JP2016136521A - 蓄電池、ならびに当該蓄電池を用いて電気エネルギーを蓄積及び放出する方法 - Google Patents
蓄電池、ならびに当該蓄電池を用いて電気エネルギーを蓄積及び放出する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】1以上の金属空気電池と、制御手段6と、切換手段7とを含み、金属空気電池のそれぞれは、第1端子1及び第2端子2と、第1端子1に接続する金属陰極3と、多孔質空気電極である第2陽極5と、第2端子2と連続的に、または第2陽極5と交互に第2端子2と接続する第1酸素放出陽極4と、電解質と、を含み、制御手段6は、第2端子2と第1端子1との間の測定電圧(Vm)と設定電圧(Vc)とを継続的に比較し、かつ、測定電圧(Vm)が設定電圧(Vc)よりも低くなったとき、切換手段7に切換信号を発し、切換手段7は、制御手段6からの切換信号を受け付け、第2端子2と空気電極5との間の接続及び切断を行う蓄電池。陰極3はリチウム電極又は亜鉛電極である、蓄電池。
【選択図】図1
Description
M→Mn++ne−
両方の電極は、最も一般的には、アルカリ電解液に接する。
−第1の「標準」操作モードでは、空気電極のみを陰極と操作する。
−第2の「高出力」操作モードでは、2つの陽極(空気電極及び補助電極)を連結して操作する。
各電池は、
−第1端子及び第2端子、
−第1端子に接続する、金属空気電池のための金属陰極、
−少なくとも1つの酸素還元触媒を含む多孔質空気電極である第2陽極、
−上記第2端子と連続的に、または第2陽極と交互に上記第2端子と接続される第1酸素放出陽極、並びに、
−電解質を含み、
制御手段は、第2端子と第1端子との間の測定電圧(Vm)と設定電圧(Vc)とを継続的に比較し、かつ、測定電圧(Vm)が設定電圧(Vc)以下に低下したとき、切換手段に切換信号を送信するように適応されており、
切換手段は、制御手段からの切換信号を受け取り、かつ、空気電極と第2端子との間を接続及び切断するように適応されている。
−例えば、充電段階及び放電段階中に、不変的に第1端子に接続される陰極;
−一実施形態においては第2端子に連続的に接続される、又は、他の実施形態においては、例えば、第2陽極が第2端子に接続されているとき、第2端子から切断されるように、第2陽極と交互に第2端子に接続される、第1陽極;並びに、
−いずれの損傷からも保護されなければならず、かつ、第2放電段階中に両端子間の電位が十分に低い場合にのみ、第2端子に接続される空気電極(第2陽極)。
XC72のように、炭素粒子により構成される炭素粉末の集合体により得られた、高い表面領域を有する電極である。空気電極への組み込み前に、CO2のような気体と反応させることによって、炭素の特定の表面領域を増加させてもよい。炭素粒子の特定の高い表面領域は、重要である。実際に、炭素粒子の表面領域が高いほど、電極の幾何学的表面領域のユニット毎の電流密度も高くなる。多孔質電極は、Dupontにより販売されているFEPのように、好ましくは疎水性フルオロポリマーであるバインダーを用いて、炭素粒子を凝集することによって製造する。例えば、出願WO2000/036677には、金属空気蓄電池としての空気電極の詳細な説明がある。
(a)陰極を第1端子に接続し、第1陽極を第2端子に接続し、空気電極を切断しれている間の充電段階工程;
(b)陰極を第1端子に接続し、第1陽極を第2端子に接続し、空気電極を切断しており、かつ、両方の端子間における測定電圧(Vm)と設定電圧(Vc)とを継続的に比較している間の第1放電段階工程;
(c)両方の端子間の電圧値が設定電圧(Vc)より下に低下した場合に、空気電極である第2陽極を第2端子に接続している間の第1切換工程;
(d)陰極を第1端子に接続し、空気電極を第2端子に接続している間の第2放電段階工程;並びに、
(e)空気電極を第2端子から切断する間の第2切換工程。
図1は、本発明に係る蓄電池の電池の一実施形態の説明図であり;
図2は、本発明に係る、空気電極を保護するための装置を形成する、制御手段及び切換手段の説明図である。
〔1〕
再充電可能な蓄電池であって、1以上の金属空気電池と、制御手段(6)と、切換手段(7)とを含み、
上記金属空気電池のそれぞれは、
−第1端子(1)及び第2端子(2)、
−上記第1端子(1)に接続され、金属空気電池のための金属陰極(3)、
−第1酸素放出陽極(4)
−少なくとも1つの酸素還元触媒を含む多孔質空気電極である、第2陽極(5)、並びに、
−電解質
を含み、
上記制御手段(6)は、上記端子(2)と上記端子(1)との間の測定電圧(Vm)と設定電圧(Vc)とを継続的に比較し、かつ、上記測定電圧(Vm)が上記設定電圧(Vc)未満に低下したとき、上記切換手段(7)に切換信号を送信するように適応されており、
上記切換手段(7)は、上記制御手段(6)からの切換信号を受け付け、上記第2端子(2)と上記空気電極(5)とを接続する又は切断するように適応されている
ことを特徴とする蓄電池。
〔2〕
上記陰極(3)は、リチウム電極(Li/LiOH)又は亜鉛電極(Zn/Zn(OH)42−)であることを特徴とする〔1〕に記載の蓄電池。
〔3〕
上記第1酸素放出陽極(4)は、銀電極(Ag/AgP)又はニッケル電極(Ni/NiO若しくはNiOH/NiOOH)であることを特徴とする〔2〕に記載の蓄電池。
〔4〕
上記空気電極は、炭素粒子及び少なくとも1つの酸素還元触媒をさらに備えていることを特徴とする〔1〕〜〔3〕のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
〔5〕
上記空気電極中の上記酸素還元触媒は、酸化マンガン及び酸化コバルトにより形成される群から選択されることを特徴とする〔1〕〜〔4〕のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
〔6〕
上記設定電圧(Vc)は、上記空気電極のみが接続されているときの充電段階における、上記金属空気電池の開回路電圧よりも低い値に設定されていることを特徴とする〔1〕〜〔5〕のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
〔7〕
上記制御手段(6)は、オペアンプにより駆動される電気機械的継電器であることを特徴とする請求項〔1〕〜〔6〕のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
〔8〕
上記第1陽極(4)は、格子形状又は多孔板形状であり、上記陰極と上記空気電極との間に位置することを特徴とする〔1〕〜〔7〕のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
〔9〕
〔1〕〜〔8〕のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池を用いて電気エネルギーを蓄積及び放出する方法であって、以下の一連の工程を含むことを特徴とする方法:
(a)上記陰極(3)を上記第1端子(1)に接続し、上記第1陽極(4)を上記第2端子(2)に接続し、上記空気電極(5)を切断する間の充電段階工程;
(b)上記陰極(3)を上記第1端子(1)に接続し、上記第1陽極(4)を上記第2端子(2)に接続し、上記空気電極(5)を切断し、かつ、上記制御手段(6)が、上記端子(2)と上記端子(1)との間の測定電圧(Vm)と設定電圧(Vc)とを継続的に比較する間の第1放電段階工程;
(c)上記端子(2)と上記端子(1)との間の電圧値が上記設定電圧(Vc)未満に低下したとき、上記空気電極である上記第2陽極(5)を上記第2端子(2)に接続する間の第1切換工程;
(d)上記陰極(3)を上記第1端子(1)に接続し、上記空気電極(5)を上記第2端子(2)に接続する間の第2放電段階工程;並びに、
(e)上記空気電極(5)と上記第2端子(2)とを切断する間の第2切換工程。
〔10〕
上記第1切換工程において、上記切換手段(7)は、上記第1陽極(4)と上記第2端子(2)とを切断することを特徴とする〔9〕に記載の方法。
〔11〕
上記第1切換工程において、上記切換手段(7)は、上記第1陽極(4)と上記第2端子(2)とを切断しないことを特徴とする〔9〕に記載の方法。
Claims (11)
- 再充電可能な蓄電池であって、1以上の金属空気電池と、制御手段(6)と、切換手段(7)とを含み、
上記金属空気電池のそれぞれは、
−第1端子(1)及び第2端子(2)、
−上記第1端子(1)に接続され、金属空気電池のための金属陰極(3)、
−少なくとも1つの酸素還元触媒を含む多孔質空気電極である、第2陽極(5)、
−上記第2端子(2)と連続的に、または第2陽極(5)と交互に上記第2端子(2)と接続される第1酸素放出陽極(4)、並びに、
−電解質
を含み、
上記制御手段(6)は、上記第2端子(2)と上記第1端子(1)との間の測定電圧(Vm)と設定電圧(Vc)とを継続的に比較し、かつ、上記測定電圧(Vm)が上記設定電圧(Vc)未満に低下したとき、上記切換手段(7)に切換信号を送信するように適応されており、
上記切換手段(7)は、上記制御手段(6)からの切換信号を受け付け、上記第2端子(2)と上記空気電極(5)とを接続する又は切断するように適応されていることを特徴とする蓄電池。 - 上記陰極(3)は、リチウム電極(Li/LiOH)又は亜鉛電極(Zn/Zn(OH)4 2−)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蓄電池。
- 上記第1酸素放出陽極(4)は、銀電極(Ag/AgP)又はニッケル電極(Ni/NiO若しくはNiOH/NiOOH)であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の蓄電池。
- 上記空気電極は、炭素粒子及び少なくとも1つの酸素還元触媒をさらに備えていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
- 上記空気電極中の上記酸素還元触媒は、酸化マンガン及び酸化コバルトにより形成される群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の蓄電池。
- 上記設定電圧(Vc)は、上記空気電極のみが接続されているときの充電段階における、上記金属空気電池の開回路電圧よりも低い値に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
- 上記制御手段(6)は、オペアンプにより駆動される電気機械的継電器であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
- 上記第1陽極(4)は、格子形状又は多孔板形状であり、上記陰極と上記空気電極との間に位置することを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電池を用いて電気エネルギーを蓄積及び放出する方法であって、以下の一連の工程を含むことを特徴とする方法:
(a)上記陰極(3)を上記第1端子(1)に接続し、上記第1陽極(4)を上記第2端子(2)に接続し、上記空気電極(5)を切断する間の充電段階工程;
(b)上記陰極(3)を上記第1端子(1)に接続し、上記第1陽極(4)を上記第2端子(2)に接続し、上記空気電極(5)を切断し、かつ、上記制御手段(6)が、上記端子(2)と上記端子(1)との間の測定電圧(Vm)と設定電圧(Vc)とを継続的に比較する間の第1放電段階工程;
(c)上記端子(2)と上記端子(1)との間の電圧値が上記設定電圧(Vc)未満に低下したとき、上記空気電極である上記第2陽極(5)を上記第2端子(2)に接続する間の第1切換工程;
(d)上記陰極(3)を上記第1端子(1)に接続し、上記空気電極(5)を上記第2端子(2)に接続する間の第2放電段階工程;並びに、
(e)上記空気電極(5)と上記第2端子(2)とを切断する間の第2切換工程。 - 上記第1切換工程において、上記切換手段(7)は、上記第1陽極(4)と上記第2端子(2)とを切断することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 上記第1切換工程において、上記切換手段(7)は、上記第1陽極(4)と上記第2端子(2)とを切断しないことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
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DK2710663T3 (en) | 2015-09-07 |
KR20160021894A (ko) | 2016-02-26 |
EP2710663A1 (fr) | 2014-03-26 |
PT2710663E (pt) | 2015-10-08 |
CN103650232B (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
SG195019A1 (en) | 2013-12-30 |
KR20140027410A (ko) | 2014-03-06 |
US20140191727A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
WO2012156639A1 (fr) | 2012-11-22 |
CN105514517A (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
FR2975534B1 (fr) | 2013-06-28 |
KR101664289B1 (ko) | 2016-10-11 |
JP6198720B2 (ja) | 2017-09-20 |
JP2014519681A (ja) | 2014-08-14 |
ES2546604T3 (es) | 2015-09-25 |
KR101674628B1 (ko) | 2016-11-09 |
CN105514517B (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
JP6200978B2 (ja) | 2017-09-20 |
FR2975534A1 (fr) | 2012-11-23 |
EP2710663B1 (fr) | 2015-06-10 |
CN103650232A (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
US9293757B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
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