JP2014531120A - 二次電池用負極、及びそれを備える二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用負極、及びそれを備える二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014531120A JP2014531120A JP2014537003A JP2014537003A JP2014531120A JP 2014531120 A JP2014531120 A JP 2014531120A JP 2014537003 A JP2014537003 A JP 2014537003A JP 2014537003 A JP2014537003 A JP 2014537003A JP 2014531120 A JP2014531120 A JP 2014531120A
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Abstract
Description
前記分離層は、電解質層またはセパレータであり得る。
直径150μmのワイヤ形状のCu集電体の表面に、Sn‐Niを2.5μmの厚さで電気メッキすることで、負極活物質層をコーティングした負極を製造した。その後、前記負極を3本用意し、螺旋状に撚って螺旋負極を製造した。
直径150μmのワイヤ形状のCu集電体の表面にSn‐Niを2.5μmの厚さで電気メッキすることで、負極活物質層をコーティングした負極を製造した。その後、前記負極を3本用意し、螺旋状に撚って負極を製造した。
正極として、金属リチウムホイルを使用し、実施例1及び比較例1で製造された負極を使用した。前記正極と前記負極との間にポリエチレン分離膜を介して電極組立体を製造した。前記製造された電極組立体を電池ケースに挿入し、エチレンカーボネート:ジエチルカーボネート=1:2(体積比)で混合した非水溶媒に1MのLiPF6が添加された電解液を注入してコイン型ハーフセルを製造した。
前記実施例1及び比較例1の負極を使用して製造した電池を0.1Cの電流密度で5mVまで定電流充電した後、定電圧で5mVに一定に維持し、電流密度が0.005Cになれば充電を終了した。放電のとき、0.1Cの電流密度で1.5Vまで定電流モードで放電を完了した。同一条件で充放電を30回繰り返して電池の充放電特性を測定し、正規化して図9に示した。そして、LCOを使用した正極を適用する場合に予測されるフルセルの放電プロファイルをシミュレーションし、図10に示した。
500、600、700、800 ケーブル型二次電池
110、210、310、410 ワイヤ型集電体
120、220、320、420 金属系負極活物質層
130、230、330、430 黒鉛系負極合剤層
240、440 導電層
550、650、750、850 分離層
560、660、760、860 正極活物質層
570、670、770、870 正極集電体
580、680、780、880 保護被覆
Claims (24)
- ワイヤ型集電体;
前記ワイヤ型集電体の表面に形成され、金属系活物質を含む金属系負極活物質層;及び
前記金属系負極活物質層の表面に形成され、黒鉛系活物質と導電材と第1高分子バインダーとの混合物を含む黒鉛系負極合剤層;を備える二次電池用負極。 - 前記二次電池用負極が、前記黒鉛系負極合剤層の外面を囲んで形成され、炭素粒子と第2高分子バインダーとの混合物を含む導電層を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記ワイヤ型集電体が、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、ニッケル、チタン、焼性炭素もしくは銅;カーボン、ニッケル、チタンもしくは銀で表面処理したステンレス鋼;アルミニウム‐カドミウム合金;導電材で表面処理された非伝導性高分子;または伝導性高分子から製造されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記導電材が、ポリアセチレン、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、ポリ窒化硫黄、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)、銅、銀、パラジウム、及びニッケルからなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記伝導性高分子が、ポリアセチレン、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、及びポリ窒化硫黄からなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記金属系活物質が、Si、Sn、Li、Zn、Mg、Cd、Ce、NiまたはFeである 金属類(Me);前記金属類(Me)を含む合金類;前記金属類(Me)の酸化物(MeOx);及び前記金属類(Me)と炭素との複合体からなる群から選択されたいずれか一つの活物質またはこれらのうち2種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記黒鉛系活物質が、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、軟質炭素、及び硬質炭素からなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記導電材が、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケチッェンブラック、デンカブラック、及び炭素繊維からなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記第1高分子バインダーが、フッ化ビニリデン‐ヘキサプルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン‐トリクロロエチレン共重合体、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレート、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアセテート、ポリビニルアルコール、エチレンビニルアセテート共重合体、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリアリレート、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、シアノエチルプルラン、シアノエチルポリビニルアルコール、シアノエチルセルロース、シアノエチルスクロース、プルラン、スチレン‐ブタジエンゴム、及びカルボキシルメチルセルロースからなる群より選択されたいずれか一つのバインダーまたは2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記炭素粒子が、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、デンカブラック、及び炭素繊維からなる群より選択された1種または2種以上の混合物を使用して製造されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 前記第2高分子バインダーが、フッ化ビニリデン‐ヘキサプルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン‐トリクロロエチレン共重合体、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルアクリレート、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアセテート、ポリビニルアルコール、エチレンビニルアセテート共重合体、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリアリレート、セルロースアセテート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、シアノエチルプルラン、シアノエチルポリビニルアルコール、シアノエチルセルロース、シアノエチルスクロース、プルラン、スチレン‐ブタジエンゴム、及びカルボキシルメチルセルロースからなる群より選択されたいずれか一つのバインダーまたは2種以上の混合物であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の二次電池用負極。
- ワイヤ型集電体の表面に形成された金属系負極活物質層を備える少なくとも2つのワイヤ型負極が互いに平行に配置され、螺旋状に撚られた螺旋負極;及び
前記螺旋負極を囲んで形成され、黒鉛系活物質と導電材と第1高分子バインダーとの混合物を含む黒鉛系負極合剤層;を備える二次電池用負極。 - 前記二次電池用負極が、前記黒鉛系負極合剤層の外面を囲んで形成され、炭素粒子と第2高分子バインダーとの混合物を含む導電層を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の二次電池用負極。
- 正極、負極、及び分離層を備える二次電池において、
前記負極が請求項1ないし請求項13のうちいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用負極であることを特徴とする二次電池。 - 前記分離層が、電解質層またはセパレータであることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の二次電池。
- 請求項1ないし請求項13のうちいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用負極を少なくても1つ含む内部電極;
前記内部電極を囲んで、イオンの通路となる分離層;
前記分離層の外面を囲んで、正極活物質層と正極集電体とを備える正極である外部電極;及び
前記外部電極の周囲に配置される保護被覆を備えるケーブル型二次電池。 - 前記分離層が、電解質層またはセパレータであることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のケーブル型二次電池。
- 前記電解質層が、PEO、PVdF、PVdF‐HFP、PMMA、PANまたはPVACを使用したゲル型高分子電解質;およびPEO、ポリプロピレンオキシド(PPO)、ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)、ポリエチレンスルフィド(PES)またはポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)を使用した固体電解質;から選択された電解質を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のケーブル型二次電池。
- 前記電解質層が、リチウム塩を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のケーブル型二次電池。
- 前記リチウム塩が、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、クロロほう酸リチウム、低級脂肪族カルボン酸リチウム、及びテトラフェニルホウ酸リチウムからなる群より選択された1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項19に記載のケーブル型二次電池。
- 前記セパレータが、エチレン単独重合体、プロピレン単独重合体、エチレン‐ブテン共重合体、エチレン‐ヘキセン共重合体、及びエチレン‐メタクリレート共重合体からなる群より選択されたポリオレフィン系高分子から製造された多孔性基材;ポリエステル、ポリアセタール、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、及びポリエチレンナフタレンからなる群より選択された高分子から製造された多孔性基材;または無機物粒子とバインダー高分子との混合物から形成された多孔性基材であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載のケーブル型二次電池。
- 前記外部電極において、前記正極活物質層が、前記分離層の外面を囲んで形成され、かつ前記正極集電体が前記正極活物質層の外面を囲んで形成されるか;
前記正極集電体が、前記分離層の外面を囲んで形成され、かつ前記正極活物質層が、前記正極集電体の外面を囲んで形成されるか;
前記正極集電体が、前記分離層の外面を囲んで形成され、かつ前記正極活物質層が、正極集電体の外面を囲んで前記分離層と接触するように形成されるか;又は
前記正極活物質層が、前記分離層の外面を囲んで形成され、かつ前記正極集電体が、正極活物質層内に被覆され、前記分離層の外面を離隔した状態で囲んで形成されることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のケーブル型二次電池。 - 前記正極集電体が、パイプ型集電体、巻き取られたワイヤ型集電体、巻き取られたシート型集電体、またはメッシュ型集電体であることを特徴とする請求項16に記載のケーブル型二次電池。
- 前記正極集電体が、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、ニッケル、チタン、焼性炭素もしくは銅;カーボン、ニッケル、チタンもしくは銀で表面処理されたステンレス鋼;アルミニウム‐カドミウム合金;導電材で表面処理された非伝導性高分子;伝導性高分子;Ni、Al、Au、Ag、Al、Pd/Ag、Cr、Ta、Cu、BaもしくはITOの金属粉末を含む金属ペースト;または、黒鉛、カーボンブラックもしくは炭素ナノチューブの炭素粉末を含む炭素ペースト;から製造されたことを特徴とする請求項16に記載のケーブル型二次電池。
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