JP2014179584A - 半導体装置及びこれの製造方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 220
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 94
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 263
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 78
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 49
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 37
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MHYQBXJRURFKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(C=CC=C1)[Mg] Chemical compound C1(C=CC=C1)[Mg] MHYQBXJRURFKIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 nitride compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical group [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】主面がC面またはC面と等価な結晶面に対して±0.1%の範囲内の表面を有する結晶面基板を用意し、III属元素の原料ガスとV属元素の原料ガスを供給してIII−V属窒化物半導体層を成長させるときに、炭素ドープの原料である四臭化炭素(CBr4)をV属原子層に導入するようにする。
【選択図】 図1
Description
成長時設定温度:1180℃以上1370℃以下
基板表面温度:1070℃以上1250℃以下
成長時の原料ガス圧:4000以上20000Pa以下
V族元素の原料/III族元素の原料比:5以上600以下
CBr4の供給量:7×10−8mol/min以上1.7×10−5mol/min以下
Cp2Mg供給量:1.3×10−7mol/min〜1.6×10−7mol/min
III族元素の原料ガス(TMG及びTMAl)の供給量:5×10−5mol/min
成長時設定温度:1180℃以上1230℃以下
基板表面温度:1070℃以上1110℃以下
成長時の原料ガス圧:4000以上20000Pa以下
V族元素の原料/III族元素の原料比:5以上600以下
CBr4の供給量:7×10−8mol/min以上1.7×10−5mol/min以下
Cp2Mg供給量:1.3×10−7mol/min〜1.6×10−7mol/min
III族元素の原料ガス(TMG及びTMAl)の供給量:5×10−5mol/min
2・・バッファ層
3・・n型窒化物系半導体層
4・・発光層
5・・p型窒化物系半導体層
6・・p型電極
7・・n型電極
Claims (20)
- 基板上に直接又は単数又は複数の介在層を介してMOVPE法を用いてIII-V族窒化物半導体層を成長させるIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法において、
反応管内にAlxGa1−xN(0<x≦1)のIII族原子の原料ガスとV族原子の原料ガスとp型ドーパントとして炭素の原料ガスとを供給することによりIII族原子の原子層と炭素がドープされたV族原子の原子層とを交互に成長させ、
前記基板は、サファイア基板、シリコン基板、炭化ケイ素基板、窒化ガリウム基板、窒化アルミニウム基板のいずれかから構成され、主面はC面及びこれに同等の結晶面に対して±0.1%の範囲内のオフセット角を有する
ことを特徴するIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。 - 基板上に直接又は単数又は複数の介在層を介してMOVPE法を用いてIII-V族窒化物半導体層を成長させるIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法において、
反応管内にAlxGa1−xN(0<x≦1)のIII族原子の原料ガスを所定期間供給し、次にV族原子の原料ガスを所定期間供給する工程を交互に行うことにより、III族原子の原子層とV族原子の原子層とを交互に成長させ、
前記V族原子の原料ガスを所定期間供給するときにp型ドーパントとして炭素の原料ガスも併せて供給することにより前記V族原子の原子層に炭素を導入することを特徴するIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。 - 前記V族原子の原料ガスを前記所定期間供給するときにMgの原料ガスも併せて供給することをさらに含むことを特徴する請求項2に記載のIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。
- 前記AlxGa1−xNのIII族原子の原料ガスを所定期間供給し、次にV族原子の原料ガスを所定期間供給する工程の間ずっとMgの原料ガスを供給することをさらに含むことを特徴する請求項2に記載のIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。
- 前記V族原子の原料ガスを前記所定期間供給するときにMgの原料ガスも供給することをさらに含むことを特徴する請求項2に記載のIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。
- 前記基板は、サファイア基板、シリコン基板、炭化ケイ素基板、窒化ガリウム基板、窒化アルミニウム基板のいずれかから構成されることを特徴する請求項2乃至5のいずれかに記載のIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。
- 前記基板の主面はC面及びこれに同等の結晶面に対して±0.1%の範囲内のオフセット角を有することを特徴する請求項2乃至6のいずれかに記載のIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。
- 前記III-V族窒化物半導体層の層厚は0.1μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載のIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。
- 反応管内にAlxGa1−xNのIII族原子の原料ガス及びV族原子の原料ガスを同時に供給して基板上に直接または1又は複数の介在層を介してIII-V族窒化物半導体層を成長させるIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法において、
p型ドーパントとして炭素の原料ガスも併せて供給し、
V族原子の原料ガスとIII族原子の原料ガスの比を5以上600以下とすることを特徴とするIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。 - 前記基板は、サファイア基板、シリコン基板、炭化ケイ素基板、窒化ガリウム基板、窒化アルミニウム基板のいずれかから構成され、主面はC面及びこれに同等の結晶面に対して±0.1%の範囲内のオフセット角を有することを特徴する請求項9に記載のIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法。
- n型窒化物半導体層、活性層及びp型窒化物半導体層の積層を有する窒化物系半導体発光素子であって、
前記p型窒化物半導体層は、サファイア基板、シリコン基板、炭化ケイ素基板、窒化ガリウム基板、窒化アルミニウム基板のいずれかから構成され、主面はC面及びこれに同等の結晶面に対して±0.1%の範囲内のオフセット角を有する基板上に直接又は単数又は複数の介在層上にAlxGa1−xN(0<x≦1)のIII族原子の原料ガスとV族原子の原料ガスとp型ドーパントとして炭素の原料ガスとを供給することによりIII族原子の原子層と炭素がドープされたV族原子の原子層とが交互に成長したものである
ことを特徴する窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - n型窒化物半導体層、活性層及びp型窒化物半導体層の積層を有する窒化物系半導体発光素子であって、
前記p型窒化物半導体層は、反応管内においてIII族原子の原料ガスとV族原子の原料ガスとを各々所定期間交互に供給することによりIII族原子の原子層とV族原子の原子層とが交互に成長することにより形成された層であって、前記V族原子の原料ガスを供給する期間に炭素の原料ガスも併せて供給することにより炭素が導入されていることを特徴する窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記p型窒化物半導体層はAlxGa1−xN(0<x≦1)であることを特徴する請求項12に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記p型窒化物半導体層の上に直接p型電極が形成されることを特徴する請求項11ないし13のいずれかに記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- p型窒化物半導体層が、
基板上に直接または1又は複数の介在層を介してMOVPE法を用いてIII-V族窒化物半導体層を成長させるIII-V族窒化物半導体層の成長方法において、反応管内にAlxGa1−xNのIII族原子の原料ガスを所定期間供給し、次にV族原子の原料ガスを所定期間供給する工程を交互に行うことにより、III族原子の原子層とV族原子の原子層とを交互に成長させ、前記V族原子の原料ガスを所定期間供給するときにp型ドーパントとして炭素の原料ガスも併せて供給することにより前記V族原子の原子層に炭素が導入されたIII-V族窒化物半導体層から構成されていることを特徴とする半導体レーザ。 - 前記p型窒化物半導体層の層厚は、0.2μm以上であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の半導体レーザ。
- 前記p型窒化物半導体層の層厚は、発振する波長の1倍〜3倍の長さの厚み以上であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の半導体レーザ。
- 前記p型窒化物半導体層の上に直接p型電極が形成されることを特徴する請求項15に記載の半導体レーザ。
- n型窒化物半導体層、活性層及びp型窒化物半導体層の積層を有する窒化物系半導体発光素子であって、
前記p型窒化物半導体層は、サファイア基板、シリコン基板、炭化ケイ素基板、窒化ガリウム基板、窒化アルミニウム基板のいずれかから構成され、主面はC面及びこれに同等の結晶面に対して±0.1%の範囲内のオフセット角を有する基板上に直接又は単数又は複数の介在層上に炭素がドープされたp型AlxGa1−xN(0<x≦1)であって、超格子構造で構成されている
ことを特徴する窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記p型窒化物半導体層の上に直接p型電極が形成されることを特徴する請求項19に記載の窒化物系半導体発光素子。
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