JP2014037345A - 複合酸化物の製造方法、ならびに、チタン酸リチウムスピネルの製造方法および使用方法 - Google Patents
複合酸化物の製造方法、ならびに、チタン酸リチウムスピネルの製造方法および使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014037345A JP2014037345A JP2013183255A JP2013183255A JP2014037345A JP 2014037345 A JP2014037345 A JP 2014037345A JP 2013183255 A JP2013183255 A JP 2013183255A JP 2013183255 A JP2013183255 A JP 2013183255A JP 2014037345 A JP2014037345 A JP 2014037345A
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- lithium titanate
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910012672 LiTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 27
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Li+].CC[O-] AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/005—Alkali titanates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/32—Three-dimensional structures spinel-type (AB2O4)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/76—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by a space-group or by other symmetry indications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M2010/4292—Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
【解決手段】LiOHの水溶液と固体のTiO2とを100〜250℃で10〜30時間反応させて得られる立方相のLi2TiO3及びアナターゼ変性されたTiO2を含み、Li2TiO3に対するTiO2のモル比が1.3〜1.85である複合酸化物を850℃以下、好ましくは750℃で焼結熱反応させることによって得られた、ドープおよび非ドープのチタン酸リチウムLi4Ti5O12;複合酸化物の製造方法;チタン酸リチウムLi4Ti5O12の製造方法;およびチタン酸リチウムLi4Ti5O12のリチウムイオン電池の正極材料。
【選択図】図1
Description
a)LiOHの水溶液を準備するステップと、
b)LiOHの水溶液に固体のTiO2を加え、LiOHの水溶液を100〜250℃で反応させるステップと、を有する。
また本発明の複合酸化物を調製する方法は、任意に
c)b)の反応によって得られた生成物を分離するステップを有する。
xモル部のLi2TiO3/yモル部のTiO2(xおよびyは上述した定義の通りである)を含む複合酸化物の調製のために本発明の方法に用いられる化合物(出発化合物)は、LiOH・H2Oおよびアナターゼ型のTiO2である。対応するドーパントの酸化物が任意に添加されてもよい。市販のLiOH・H2O(メルク製)では、含水量がバッチ間で変動する。含水量は、合成の前に決定される。
Claims (12)
- a)LiOHの水溶液を準備するステップと、
b)前記LiOHの水溶液に固体のTiO2を加え、100〜250℃で反応させるステップと、
を有する、xモル部の立方相のLi2TiO3と、yモル部のアナターゼ変性されたTiO2と(xおよびyはそれぞれ独立し、0.1〜4の数を意味する)とを含む複合酸化物を製造する方法。 - 前記固体のTiO2はアナターゼ変性されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップb)における反応中、前記LiOHの水溶液は、100〜250℃に保たれる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- ステップb)における反応は、10〜30時間行われる、請求項3に記載の方法。
- ステップb)において、Al、Mg、Ga、Fe、Co、Sc、Y、Mn、Ni、Cr、Vまたはこれらの組み合わせを含む化合物をさらに添加する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- ステップb)後、前記複合酸化物を分離する、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 前記複合酸化物の粒径は、100〜300nmである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 請求項2〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得られ、かつxモル部の立方相のLi2TiO3と、yモル部のアナターゼ変性されたTiO2と、z部の金属酸化物と(xおよびyはそれぞれ独立し、かつ0.1〜4の数を意味し、zは0以上1以下である)、を含む複合酸化物であって、前記金属酸化物は、Al、Mg、Ga、Fe、Co、Sc、Y、Mn、Ni、Cr、Vまたはこれらの組み合わせの酸化物から選択される、複合酸化物。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法で製造された複合酸化物を850℃以下で焼結する工程を含む、ドープまたは非ドープの純相のチタン酸リチウムLi4Ti5O12を製造する方法。
- 前記焼結は、20時間行われる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記焼結は、750℃以下で行われる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法により製造された純相のドープまたは非ドープのチタン酸リチウムの充電可能なリチウムイオン電池の正極への使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008026580A DE102008026580A1 (de) | 2008-06-03 | 2008-06-03 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lithiumtitan-Spinell und dessen Verwendung |
DE102008026580.2 | 2008-06-03 |
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JP2011512019A Division JP2011521881A (ja) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-06-03 | チタン酸リチウムスピネルの製造方法および使用方法 |
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JP2014037345A true JP2014037345A (ja) | 2014-02-27 |
JP5730967B2 JP5730967B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
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JP2013183255A Expired - Fee Related JP5730967B2 (ja) | 2008-06-03 | 2013-09-04 | 複合酸化物の製造方法、ならびに、チタン酸リチウムスピネルの製造方法および使用方法 |
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US (2) | US20110189545A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2303780B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP2011521881A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101361589B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102046536B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2726435C (ja) |
DE (2) | DE102008064651A1 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1151509A1 (ja) |
TW (2) | TW201002621A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009146904A1 (ja) |
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JP5730967B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
CA2726435C (en) | 2013-01-08 |
DE102008026580A1 (de) | 2009-12-10 |
US9187336B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
WO2009146904A1 (de) | 2009-12-10 |
HK1151509A1 (en) | 2012-02-03 |
CN102046536B (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
JP2011521881A (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
DE102008064651A1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
KR20110014682A (ko) | 2011-02-11 |
EP2303780A1 (de) | 2011-04-06 |
KR101361589B1 (ko) | 2014-02-11 |
CA2726435A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
TW201002621A (en) | 2010-01-16 |
CN102046536A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
US20110189545A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
EP2303780B1 (de) | 2018-09-26 |
US20140209834A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
TW201446656A (zh) | 2014-12-16 |
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