JP2014017843A - マルチ搬送波cdmaシステムにおける同期化 - Google Patents
マルチ搬送波cdmaシステムにおける同期化 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】検索ウインドウを決定するために粗同期が行なわれる。その後、信号サンプルのサブセット間の相関を測定するために微同期が行なわれる。信号サンプルのうちの最初の信号サンプルは、検索ウインドウ内にあり、周知の値である。相関は、受信信号の周波数領域で行なわれる。マルチ出力OFDMシステムにおいて、OFDM送信機の各アンテナは、固有の周知の値を有する。周知の値は、連続するパイロットシンボルの対として送信され、パイロットシンボルの各対は、OFDMフレーム内の副搬送波周波数の同じサブセットで送信される。
【選択図】図6
Description
MIMO−OFDMシステムの場合には、複数の送信アンテナが存在するため、プリアンブル構成が更に複雑になる。また、移動体通信の場合には、マルチセル環境、BTS情報が利用できない最初のアクセスのための要件、BTS切換えおよびソフトハンドオフにより、効果的なプリアンブル構成が更に難しくなる。
時間領域で微同期を行ない得る間、MIMOチャネルの自己干渉は、C/Iが非常に低い状態下で、この手法の性能を制限する。相関の長さを長くすると、時間領域での微同期の性能を高めることができるが、オーバーヘッドが増大し、処理が複雑になってしまう。既存の構成は、1つの送信アンテナと1つの受信アンテナとを有するシステムにおける時間領域トレーニングシーケンス相関に基づいている。しかしながら、そのような時間領域同期手法を単に拡張させただけでは、特にC/I比が低い用途において、性能が低下してしまう。性能低下の原因は、時間領域で減少することが容易ではないMIMOチャネル間の自己干渉である。
a)受信信号内の共通同期チャネル副搬送波から抽出された少なくとも1つの受信した共通同期シーケンスと、複数の送信アンテナのそれぞれの対応する共通同期シーケンスとの間で周波数領域相関を行なうことにより、複数の候補相関ピークを特定し、
b)更なる処理のために、M個の最も強い相関ピークを選択し、
c)各相関ピークで、時間領域サンプルを複数の周波数領域成分に再変換するとともに、送信機固有の情報を含むパイロットチャネル副搬送波を処理して、各相関ピークに関連付けられた送信機を特定し、
d)そのように特定された各送信機においてC/Iまたは同様の値を決定し、
任意の少なくとも1つの受信アンテナにおいて決定されたC/Iが最も大きい送信機を選択する、
ことを含む。
a)前記少なくとも1つの粗同期位置のうちの1つに関する複数の各候補微同期位置のそれぞれにおいて、
i)受信アンテナ毎に、候補微同期位置に対してFFTウインドウを位置決めするとともに、FFTにより、時間領域サンプルを周波数領域成分の各セットに変換し、
ii)少なくとも1つの各送信機の送信アンテナによって送信された少なくとも1つの共通同期シーケンス毎に、周波数領域成分のセットから前記送信アンテナに対応する受信された各トレーニングシーケンスを抽出し、
iii)少なくとも1つの共通同期シーケンス毎に、受信された各共通同期シーケンスと周知の各共通同期シーケンスとの間の相関を計算し、
iv)相関を組み合わせて、候補同期位置毎に全体の相関結果を形成し、
b)相関の極大値である少なくとも1つのピークを前記相関において決定する、
ことを含む。
その一例について図3を参照しながら説明する。OFDMシンボル内に含まれる副搬送波の周波数はそれぞれ円によって表わされている。この例においては、MIMOシステム内に2つの送信アンテナがあると仮定する。図3は、周波数軸440に沿って離間する様々な副搬送波を有するOFDMシンボルを示している。時間軸402に沿って示されるように、ある瞬間の全ての副搬送波のコンテンツは、経時的に1つのシンボルを表わしている。この場合、最初の2つのOFDMシンボル408,410は、専用のパイロットチャネル情報のために使用される。一方、残りのシンボル(2つだけが示されている、412,414)は、レギュラーOFDMシンボルのために使用される。最初の2つのOFDMシンボル408,410で送信される専用のパイロットチャネル情報は、第1アンテナによって送信される副搬送波と、第2アンテナによって送信される副搬送波とが交互になっている。これは、第1送信機の専用のパイロットチャネル情報を送信している第1の副搬送波404と、第2副搬送波の専用のパイロットチャネル情報を送信している副搬送波406とに関して示されており、このパターンは、その後、残りの副搬送波において繰り返す。他のOFDMシンボル412,414は、両方のアンテナによって送信される情報を含む。他の間隔を代わりに使用できることは言うまでもない。また、その後、更に2つの送信アンテナがある場合には、パイロットチャネル情報は、全ての送信アンテナ間で、幾つかの所定のパターンの副搬送波が交互に並ぶ。
MIMOチャネル評価のために、共通同期チャネルとパイロットチャネルとが互いに組み合わせられて使用される。また、共通同期チャネルと専用パイロットチャネルとを組み合わせて使用することにより、高精度な同期が可能になる。周波数領域トレーニングシンボルは、タイミングエラーおよびマルチパス環境に対して強い。プリアンブル構造により、自由度のあるユーザ機器は、より効率的なアルゴリズムを実行することができる。
4つのOFDMシンボル201から成る第1のサンプルセットが第1送信アンテナ21から送信されて示されており、また、4つのOFDMシンボル203から成る第2のサンプルセットが第2送信アンテナ23から送信されて示されている。一般に、OFDM送信機は、Nant送信アンテナを有する。この場合、Nantは、設計パラメータである。MIMO−OFDM送信機10内において、デマルチプレクサ23から発せられるデータは、送信アンテナ21に接続された第1のOFDM部24または送信アンテナ23に接続された第2のOFDM部26のいずれか一方に送られる。これらOFDM部は、OFDMフレームおよびOFDMシンボルの副搬送波上にデータを編成する。各副搬送波は、異なる直交する周波数にある。各OFDM部24,26はそれぞれ、ヘッダOFDMシンボルを挿入するヘッダインサータ29を有する。OFDMシンボル201,203から成るサンプルセットは、送信アンテナ21,23からそれぞれ送信されたOFDMフレームの最初の4つのOFDMシンボルを示している。この場合、データシンボルまたはパイロットシンボルから成る各列がOFDMシンボルである。1番目のOFDMシンボル13および2番目(1番目と同じ)のOFDMシンボル14は、第1送信アンテナ21によって送信されたOFDMフレームに固有の2つのヘッダOFDMシンボルを示している。同様に、3番目のOFDMシンボル17および4番目(3番目と同じ)のOFDMシンボルは、第2送信アンテナ23によって送信されたOFDMシンボルに固有の2つのヘッダOFDMシンボルを示している。4つのOFDMシンボル15,16,19,20は、一般に、複数のデータシンボルから成る異なるOFDMシンボルであり、この場合、少なくとも1つのデータシンボルが各OFDM副搬送波上に参照符号11で示されている。OFDMフレーム全体は、一般に、更に多くのデータシンボルを有する。また、OFDMシンボル201は、OFDMシンボル203と同じタイミングで、同時に送信される。
また、微同期プロセスへの入力は、粗同期位置である。この粗同期位置は、前述した方法を使用して、あるいは、任意の他の適当な方法を使用して決定されても良い。図7−1の構成要素と同じ構成要素は、同様の参照符号が付されるとともに、実際の実施においては、図7−1と共通の同期装置が使用される場合に共有される。図7−2の機能は、1または複数の受信アンテナ毎に再現される。
マルチセルラー環境でのシステムアクセスは、同じ共通のパイロットシンボルを送信する多くの送信機があるため、セル選択という新たな問題を招く。本発明の他の実施形態においては、先に紹介した送信ヘッダが受信機によって使用されることにより、システムアクセスおよびセル選択が行なわれる。
BTS識別は、各候補同期位置での最大相関値に対応するPNコードを検出することにより実現される。各チェック点での全ての相関結果に基づいて、C/Iを計算することができる。最初の取得段階で、最も大きいC/I比を有するBTSを選択することにより、セル選択が決定される。この例においては、2つのBTS、すなわち、第1のBTS BTS1および第2のBTS BTS2が識別される。マルチアンテナ受信機ダイバーシティを用いる場合、セル選択の最終決定は、受信機における異なる受信機アンテナによって得られる最も高いC/Iの比較に基づかなければならない。
微同期位置の周りで、より小さい検索ウインドウが使用される。異なる受信機からの最終同期結果が比較される。時間的に最も早いサンプルに対応する位置が、最終同期位置として使用される。このステップは、短期フェージングに起因して弱いパス(マルチパス)が選択される可能性を減らすものである。誤りの警報の可能性を減らすため、閾値が設定される。この閾値は、検索ウインドウ内での相関の平均および最終同期位置に対するフィンガー強度の比であっても良い。
BTSスイッチおよびソフトハンドオフをトリガーするために、特定の基準を設定することができる。フェージングからの衝撃を平均化するため、BTS切換およびソフトハンドオフに関する決定は、特定の期間中の観察に基づいていても良い。基準は、Cを表わす最大相関値と最も強いIとの比較であっても良い。なお、セルスイッチおよびソフトハンドオフ後に、最初のアクセス時の最後のステップにより、同期が調整されても良い。全体のセル選択および再選択方法が図10に示されている。
9 共通同期副搬送波
10 MIMO−OFDM送信機
11 データシンボル
12 パイロットチャネル副搬送波
21 第1送信アンテナ
23 第2送信アンテナ
24 第1のOFDM部
25 パイロットチャネル副搬送波
26 第2のOFDM部
27 共通同期副搬送波
30 データOFDMシンボル
205 TPS OFDMシンボル
207 トレーニングOFDMシンボル
300 プリアンブル
302 分散パイロット
304 トラフィックデータシンボル
400,402 フィンガー
404,406,700,702,704,706,708,710 副搬送波
500 OFDMスーパーフレーム
502 10msOFDMフレーム
504 TPSフレーム
506 スロット
508 プリアンブルOFDMシンボル
510 レギュラーデータシンボル
603,605,712,714 ヘッダOFDMシンボル
607 プレフィックス
734 第1受信アンテナ
735 第2受信アンテナ
736 RF受信機
737,741 粗同期装置
738,740,742 ブロック
739 RF受信機
744,746,748 FFT
745 第1の相関器ブロック
751 加算器
753 乗算器
755 相関器
Claims (5)
- OFDM受信機でセル選択を行なう方法であって、
少なくとも1つの送信アンテナのそれぞれで、受信信号をサンプリングして、時間領域サンプルの各セットを形成し、
少なくとも1つの粗同期位置を決定し、
少なくとも1つの受信アンテナのそれぞれで、
a)受信信号内の共通同期チャネル副搬送波から抽出された少なくとも1つの受信した共通同期シーケンスと、複数の送信アンテナのそれぞれに対応する共通同期シーケンスとの間で周波数領域相関を行なうことにより、複数の候補相関ピークを特定し、
b)更なる処理のために、M個の最も強い相関ピークを選択し、
c)各相関ピークで、時間領域サンプルを周波数領域成分に再変換するとともに、送信機固有の情報を含むパイロットチャネル副搬送波を処理して、各相関ピークに関連付けられた送信機を特定し、
d)そのように特定された各送信機においてC/Iまたは同様の値を決定し、
任意の少なくとも1つの受信アンテナにおいて決定されたC/Iが最も大きい送信機を選択する、
ことを含む方法。 - 受信信号内の共通同期チャネル副搬送波から抽出された少なくとも1つの受信した共通同期シーケンスと、複数の送信アンテナのそれぞれに対応する共通同期シーケンスとの間で周波数領域相関を行なうことにより、複数の候補相関ピークを特定することは、
a)前記少なくとも1つの粗同期位置のうちの1つに関する複数の各候補微同期位置のそれぞれにおいて、
i)受信アンテナ毎に、前記候補微同期位置に対してFFTウインドウを位置決めするとともに、FFTにより、前記時間領域サンプルを周波数領域成分の各セットに変換し、
ii)少なくとも1つの送信機のそれぞれの送信アンテナによって送信された少なくとも1つの共通同期シーケンス毎に、前記周波数領域成分のセットから該送信アンテナに対応する受信された各トレーニングシーケンスを抽出し、
iii)少なくとも1つの共通同期シーケンス毎に、受信された各共通同期シーケンスと周知の各共通同期シーケンスとの間の相関を計算し、
iv)相関を組み合わせて、候補同期位置毎に全体の相関結果を形成し、
b)相関の極大値である少なくとも1つのピークを相関において決定する、
ことを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 選択された送信機の前記微同期位置に基づいて、時間領域サンプルを周波数領域成分に再変換するとともに、その送信機における専用のパイロットチャネルに基づいて更なる微同期を行なうことを更に含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- ヘッダシンボルの副搬送波が複数のアンテナのそれぞれにおいて非連続の副搬送波のセットに分割され、各アンテナは、副搬送波の各セット上でのみヘッダシンボルを送信し、前記ヘッダシンボルは、多重化されたパイロットチャネル副搬送波と、複数のアンテナのそれぞれにおいて共通同期チャネル副搬送波とを含み、前記フレームは、2つの同一のヘッダOFDMシンボルから始まり、そのヘッダOFDMシンボル中において、前記パイロットチャネル副搬送波のコンテンツが繰り返されるとともに、前記同期チャネル副搬送波のコンテンツが繰り返され、前記共通同期チャネル副搬送波は、1つの基地局のアンテナ毎に異なるが複数の基地局にわたって共通の複合シーケンスを搬送し、前記専用パイロットチャネル副搬送波のコンテンツは、少なくとも局所的に特定の基地局に固有のものである、ヘッダシンボルフォーマットを有するMIMO−OFDMフレームフォーマットに適用される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 送信機の切換えのため、そのように特定された送信機毎に、C/Iまたは同様の値を所定の時間にわたって平均化し、その時間の最後に、現在選択されて送信されたものと異なる場合には、最も大きい平均C/Iまたは同様の値を用いて前記送信機の送信機スイッチを起動させることを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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