JP2013523162A - Cd274/pd−l1遺伝子の発現を阻害するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
Cd274/pd−l1遺伝子の発現を阻害するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、35 U.S.C.§119(e)の下、2010年4月6日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/321,263号の利益を主張し、当該出願の内容は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現の特異的阻害に関する。
CD274またはPD−L1は、マウス染色体19上およびヒト染色体9上のCD274遺伝子によりコードされる290アミノ酸のI型膜貫通タンパク質である。CD274/PD−L1の発現は、例えば、ウイルス(例えば、HIV、HBV、HCV、およびHTLV等を含む)、バクテリア(例えば、ヘリコバクター・ピロリ(Helicobacter pylori)等を含む)、および寄生虫(例えば、マンソン住血吸虫(Schistosoma mansoni)を含む)による慢性感染症に関与する免疫応答の回避に関係があるとされている。
(a)二本鎖リボ核酸(dsRNA)を、該細胞に導入するステップであって、該dsRNAが互いに相補的である少なくとも2つの配列を含み、該dsRNAが、第1の配列を有するセンス鎖と第2の配列を有するアンチセンス鎖とを有し、該アンチセンス鎖が、CD274/PD−L1をコードするmRNAの少なくとも一部に実質的に相補的である相補性領域を有し、該相補性領域が、30ヌクレオチド長またはそれ未満、すなわち、15〜30ヌクレオチド長、一般に、19〜24ヌクレオチド長であり、かつ、CD274/PD−L1を発現する細胞と接触すると、dsRNAが、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を少なくとも10%、好ましくは少なくとも20%、少なくとも30%、少なくとも40%またはそれ以上阻害するステップと、
(b)ステップ(a)で産生された細胞を、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子のmRNA転写物の分解を達成するために十分な時間維持し、それにより、細胞におけるCD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を阻害するステップ。
(a)二本鎖リボ核酸(dsRNA)を、該細胞に導入するステップであって、該dsRNAが互いに相補的である少なくとも2つの配列を含み、該dsRNAが、第1の配列を有するセンス鎖と、第2の配列を有するアンチセンス鎖とを有し、該アンチセンス鎖が、CD274/PD−L1をコードするmRNAの少なくとも一部に実質的に相補的である相補性領域を有し、該相補性領域が、30ヌクレオチド長またはそれ未満、すなわち、15〜30ヌクレオチド長、一般に、19〜24ヌクレオチド長であり、かつ、CD274/PD−L1を発現する細胞と接触すると、dsRNAが、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を少なくとも10%、好ましくは少なくとも20%、少なくとも30%、少なくとも40%またはそれ以上阻害するステップと、
(b)ステップ(a)で産生された細胞を、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子のmRNA転写物の分解を達成するかまたは該転写物の増加した発現を得るために十分な時間維持し、それにより、細胞におけるCD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を調節するステップ。
CD274/PD−L1は、7つのエクソンを含み、これらの第1のエクソンは、非コードであり、5'UTRを含有する。次の3つのエクソンは、それぞれ、シグナル配列、IgV様ドメイン、およびIgC様ドメインを含有する。膜貫通ドメインおよび細胞内ドメインは、次の2つのエクソン(エクソン5および6)内に含有される。最後のエクソンは、細胞内ドメインの残基に加えて3'UTRを含有する。CD274/PD−L1の細胞内ドメインは、短く、わずか約30aaであり、全ての報告された種において、高度に保存される。CD274/PD−L1の細胞内尾部に対して公知の機能がない。ヒトにおいて、エクソン2にコードされるIgV様ドメインを欠失する配列からなるCD274/PD−L1の1つの報告されたスプライス変異体がある。このスプライス変異体の機能はまだ報告されていないが、この変異体がPD−1に結合することができるはずはない。マウスCD274/PD−L1に対するスプライス変異体は、1つも特定されていない。その公知のリガンドのうちの1つのPD−1へのCD274/PD−L1の結合界面は、そのIgV様ドメインによるものである(Keir ME et al.,2008.Annu Rev Immunol.26:677−704)。
便宜上、本明細書、実施例、および添付の特許請求の範囲で使用される、特定の用語および語句の意味を以下に提供する。本明細書の他の部分の用語の用法と、本項で提供されるその定義との間に明らかな相違がある場合、本項の定義が優先される。
CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を阻害するiRNA剤が、本明細書に記載される。一実施形態において、該iRNA剤は、細胞または哺乳動物内、例えば、癌もしくは感染症に罹患しているヒトにおけるCD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を阻害するための二本鎖リボ核酸(dsRNA)分子を含み、該dsRNAは、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現において形成されるmRNAの少なくとも一部に相補的である相補性領域を有する、アンチセンス鎖を含み、該相補性領域は、30ヌクレオチド長またはそれ未満、一般に19〜24ヌクレオチド長であり、該dsRNAは、該CD274/PD−L1遺伝子を発現する細胞と接触すると、例えば、PCRまたは分枝DNA(bDNA)ベースの方法により、またはウエスタンブロット等によるタンパク質ベースの方法によりアッセイされる場合には、該CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を少なくとも10%阻害する。一実施形態において、該iRNA剤は、細胞または哺乳動物におけるCD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を活性化する。例えば、COS細胞、HeLa細胞、初代肝細胞、HepG2細胞、初代培養細胞、または対象からの生体試料中等の細胞培養におけるCD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現は、bDNAもしくはTaqManアッセイ法等によるCD274/PD−L1mRNAレベルを測定することにより、または例えば、ウエスタンブロット法もしくはフローサイトメトリー法を用いた免疫蛍光分析等によるタンパク質レベルを測定することによりアッセイすることができる。
が含まれる。
本明細書に記載される態様の一実施形態において、リガンドまたは結合体は、脂質または脂質に基づく分子である。そのような脂質または脂質に基づく分子は、好ましくは、血清タンパク質、例えば、ヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)に結合する。HSAに結合するリガンドは、標的組織、例えば、身体の非腎臓標的組織への結合体の分布を可能にする。例えば、該標的組織は、肝臓の実質細胞を含む、肝臓であり得る。HSAに結合し得る他の分子もまた、リガンドとして使用することができる。例えば、ネプロキシンまたはアスピリンを使用することができる。脂質または脂質に基づくリガンドは、(a)結合体の分解に対する耐性を増大し、(b)標的細胞または細胞膜への標的化または輸送を増大し、かつ/または(c)血清タンパク質、例えばHSAへの結合を調整するために使用することができる。
本発明で用いるのに適しているペプチドは、例えば、tatまたはアンテノペディアペプチド等の天然ペプチド、合成ペプチド、またはペプチド模倣体であり得る。さらに、該ペプチドは、修飾ペプチドであり得、例えば、ペプチドは、非ペプチドまたは擬似ペプチド結合、およびDアミノ酸を含むことができる。ペプチド模倣体(本明細書ではオリゴペプチド模倣体とも呼ばれる)は、天然ペプチドに類似する明確な三次元構造にフォールディングすることが可能な分子である。iRNA剤へのペプチドおよびペプチド模倣体の結合は、例えば、細胞認識および吸収を亢進させることにより、iRNAの薬物動態学的分布に影響を及ぼすことができる。ペプチドまたはペプチド模倣部分は、約5〜50個のアミノ酸の長さ、例えば、約5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、または50個のアミノ酸の長さであり得る。
を有するRFGFである。疎水性MTSを含有するRFGF類似体(例えば、アミノ酸配列
)も、標的化部分であり得る。ペプチド部分は、ペプチド、オリゴヌクレオチド、およびタンパク質を含む大型極性分子を、細胞膜を横断して運搬することができる「送達」ペプチドであり得る。例えば、HIV Tatタンパク質に由来する配列
およびショウジョウバエアンテナペディア(Drosophila Antennapedia)タンパク質
は、送達ペプチドとして機能可能であることが見出されている。ペプチドまたはペプチド模倣体は、ファージディスプレイライブラリーまたは1−ビーズ−1−化合物(OBOC)コンビナトリアルライブラリーから特定されたペプチド等の、DNAのランダム配列によりコードされ得る(Lam et al.,Nature,354:82−84,1991)。好ましくは、組み込まれたモノマー単位によりdsRNA剤に連結されたペプチドまたはペプチド模倣体は、アルギニン−グリシン−アスパラギン酸(RGD)−ペプチド、またはRGD模倣物等の細胞を標的化するペプチドである。ペプチド部分は、約5個のアミノ酸〜約40個のアミノ酸の長さの範囲であり得る。ペプチド部分は、安定性または直接的な立体構造特性を増加させる等の、構造修飾を有し得る。下記に記載されている構造修飾のいずれかを使用することができる。
幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載されるiRNAオリゴヌクレオチドは、炭水化物結合体をさらに含む。炭水化物結合体は、本明細書に記載される、核酸、ならびにインビボでの治療上の使用に適している組成物のインビボ送達に有利である。本明細書で使用される、「炭水化物」とは、少なくとも6個の炭素原子を有する1つまたはそれ以上の単糖単位(直鎖、分岐、もしくは環状であり得る)から構成され、それぞれの炭素原子に酸素、窒素、または硫黄原子が結合しているそれ自体が炭水化物である化合物か、あるいはそれぞれが少なくとも6個の炭素原子を有する1つまたはそれ以上の単糖単位(直鎖、分岐、もしくは環状であり得る)から構成され、それぞれの炭素原子に酸素、窒素、または硫黄原子が結合している炭水化物部分をその一部として有する化合物のいずれかを指す。代表的な炭水化物には、糖類(単糖、二糖、三糖、および約4〜9個の単糖単位を含有するオリゴ糖)、ならびにデンプン、グリコーゲン、セルロース、および多糖ゴム等の多糖類が含まれる。特定の単糖には、C5またはそれ以上(好ましくはC5−C8)の糖、二糖または三糖には、2つまたは3つの単糖単位(好ましくはC5−C8)を有する糖が含まれる。
幾つかの実施形態において、本明細書に記載される結合体は、開裂可能または開裂不可能であり得る様々なリンカーを用いてiRNAオリゴヌクレオチドに結合することができる。
切断可能な結合基の1つのクラスは、還元または酸化時に切断される酸化還元的に切断可能な結合基である。還元的に切断可能な結合基の一例は、ジスルフィド結合基(−S−S−)である。切断可能な候補結合基が、好適な「還元的に切断可能な結合基」であるかどうか、または例えば特定のiRNA部分および特定の標的剤と共に使用するのに好適であるかどうかを判定するためには、本明細書に記載される方法を参考することができる。例えば、候補は、細胞、例えば標的細胞中で観察されるであろう切断速度を模倣する当該技術分野で公知の試薬を用いて、ジチオトレイトール(DTT)または他の還元剤と共にインキュベーションすることにより評価することができる。また、該候補は、血液または血清条件を模倣するように選択される条件下で評価することもできる。好ましい実施形態において、候補化合物は、血液中で多くとも10%切断される。好ましい実施形態において、有用な候補化合物は、血液(または細胞外条件を模倣するように選択されたインビトロ条件下)と比較して、細胞中において(または細胞内条件を模倣するように選択されたインビトロ条件下で)少なくとも2、4、10、または100倍急速に分解される。候補化合物の切断速度は、標準的酵素反応速度アッセイ法を用いて、細胞内媒質を模倣するように選択された条件下で判定し、細胞外媒質を模倣するように選択された条件と比較することができる。
ホスフェートに基づく切断可能な結合基は、ホスフェート基を分解または加水分解する剤により切断される。細胞内のホスフェート基を切断する剤の例は、細胞内のホスファターゼ等の酵素である。ホスフェートに基づく結合基の例は、−O−P(O)(ORk)−O−、−O−P(S)(ORk)−O−、−O−P(S)(SRk)−O−、−S−P(O)(ORk)−O−、−O−P(O)(ORk)−S−、−S−P(O)(ORk)−S−、−O−P(S)(ORk)−S−、−S−P(S)(ORk)−O−、−O−P(O)(Rk)−O−、−O−P(S)(Rk)−O−、−S−P(O)(Rk)−O−、−S−P(S)(Rk)−O−、−S−P(O)(Rk)−S−、−O−P(S)(Rk)−S−である。好ましい実施形態は、−O−P(O)(OH)−O−、−O−P(S)(OH)−O−、−O−P(S)(SH)−O−、−S−P(O)(OH)−O−、−O−P(O)(OH)−S−、−S−P(O)(OH)−S−、−O−P(S)(OH)−S−、−S−P(S)(OH)−O−、−O−P(O)(H)−O−、−O−P(S)(H)−O−、−S−P(O)(H)−O−、−S−P(S)(H)−O−、−S−P(O)(H)−S−、−O−P(S)(H)−S−である。好ましい実施形態は、−O−P(O)(OH)−O−である。これらの候補は、上記に記載されているものと同様な方法を用いて評価することができる。
酸で切断可能な結合基は、酸性条件下で切断される結合基である。好ましい実施形態において、酸で切断可能な結合基は、約6.5またはそれ以下のpH(例えば、約6.0、5.5、または5.0またはそれ以下)を有する酸性環境中で、または一般酸として作用することができる酵素等の剤により切断される。細胞内では、エンドソームおよびリソソーム等の特定の低pH細胞小器官は、酸で切断可能な結合基に切断環境を供給することができる。酸で切断可能な結合基の例としては、ヒドラゾン、エステル、およびアミノ酸のエステルが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。酸で切断可能な基は、一般式−C=NN−、C(O)O、または−OC(O)を有し得る。好ましい実施形態は、エステル(アルコキシ基)の酸素に結合された炭素が、アリール基、置換アルキル基、またはジメチルペンチルもしくはt−ブチル等の三級アルキル基である場合である。これらの候補は、上記に記載されているものと同様な方法を用いて評価することができる。
エステルに基づく切断可能な結合基は、細胞内のエステラーゼおよびアミダーゼ等の酵素により切断される。エステルに基づく切断可能な結合基の例としては、アルキレン、アルケニレン、およびアルキニレン基のエステルが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。エステルの切断可能な結合基は、一般式−C(O)O−または−OC(O)−を有する。これらの候補は、上記に記載されているものと同様な方法を用いて評価することができる。
ペプチドに基づく切断可能な結合基は、細胞内のペプチダーゼおよびプロテアーゼ等の酵素により切断される。ペプチドに基づく切断可能な結合基は、アミノ酸間で形成されて、オリゴペプチド(例えば、ジペプチド、トリペプチド等)およびポリペプチドを産生するペプチド結合である。ペプチドに基づく切断可能な基は、アミド基(−C(O)NH−)を含まない。アミド基は、任意のアルキレン、アルケニレンまたはアルキニレン間で形成することができる。ペプチド結合は、アミノ酸間で形成されて、ペプチドおよびタンパク質を産生する特別な種類のアミド結合である。ペプチドに基づく切断基は、一般的に、アミノ酸間で形成されて、ペプチドおよびタンパク質を産生するペプチド結合(つまり、アミド結合)に限定され、アミド官能基全体は含まない。ペプチドに基づく切断可能な結合基は、一般式−NHCHRAC(O)NHCHRBC(O)−(SEQ ID NO:876)を有し、RAおよびRBは、2つの隣接したアミノ酸のR基である。これらの候補は、上記に記載されているものと同様な方法を用いて評価することができる。
iRNAを必要とする対象へのiRNAの送達は、多くの異なる方法において達成することができる。インビボ送達は、iRNA、例えば、dsRNAを含む組成物を、対象に投与することにより直接行うことができる。または、送達は、iRNAの発現をコードし、導く1つまたはそれ以上のベクターを投与することにより間接的に行うことができる。
一般に、核酸分子を送達する任意の方法は、iRNAと共に用いるために適合させることができる(例えば、Akhtar S.and Julian RL.(1992)Trends Cell.Biol.2(5):139−144およびWO94/02595を参照されたく、これらは、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)。しかしながら、インビボでiRNA分子を首尾よく送達するために考慮される重要な以下の3つの因子がある:(a)送達された分子の生物学的安定性、(2)非特異的効果の防止、および(3)標的組織内の送達された分子の蓄積。iRNAの非特異的効果は、局所投与により、例えば、組織(限定されない例として、腫瘍)への直接注射もしくは移植により、または調製物を局所的に投与することにより、最小限に抑えることができる。治療部位への局所投与は、剤の局所濃度を最大限にし、そうでなければ、剤により悪影響を及ぼされ得るまたは剤を分解し得る、全身組織への剤の曝露を制限し、投与するiRNA分子の総量をより少なくすることが可能である。幾つかの研究は、iRNAが局所に投与されるとき、遺伝子産物の成功したノックダウンを示している。例えば、カニクイザルにおける硝子体内注射によるVEGF dsRNAの眼球内送達(Tolentino,MJ.,et al(2004)Retina 24:132−138)およびマウスにおける網膜下注射(Reich,SJ.,et al(2003)Mol.Vis.9:210−216)は両方とも、加齢に関連した黄斑変性の実験モデルにおける新血管形成を防ぐことを示した。加えて、マウスにおけるdsRNAの直接腫瘍内投与は、腫瘍容積を低下させ(Pille,J.,et al(2005)Mol.Ther.11:267−274)、担癌マウスの生存を延長させることができる(Kim,WJ.,et al(2006)Mol.Ther.14:343−350、Li,S.,et al(2007)Mol.Ther.15:515−523)。RNAの干渉はまた、直接注射による中枢神経系への局所送達(Dorn,G.,et al.(2004)Nucleic Acids 32:e49、Tan,PH.,et al(2005)Gene Ther.12:59−66、Makimura,H.,et al(2002)BMC Neurosci.3:18、Shishkina,GT.,et al(2004)Neuroscience 129:521−528、Thakker,ER.,et al(2004)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.101:17270−17275、Akaneya,Y.,et al(2005)J.Neurophysiol.93:594−602)、および鼻内への注入による肺への局所送達(Howard,KA.,et al(2006)Mol.Ther.14:476−484、Zhang,X.,et al(2004)J.Biol.Chem.279:10677−10684、Bitko,V.,et al(2005)Nat.Med.11:50−55)による成功も示している。疾患の治療のためにiRNAの全身投与することについて、RNAは、修飾され得るか、または薬物送達システムを用いることができ、両方の方法は、インビボでのエンドヌクレアーゼおよびエクソヌクレアーゼによるdsRNAの急速分解を妨げるように作用する。RNAまたは薬学的担体の修飾はまた、標的組織へのiRNA組成物の標的化を可能にし、望ましくないオフターゲット効果を回避することもできる。iRNA分子は、細胞取り込みを亢進させ、分解を防止するコレステロール等の親油基への化学的結合により修飾することができる。例えば、親油性コレステロール部分に共役されるApoBを対象とするiRNAは、マウスに全身投与し、肝臓および空腸の両方において、apoB mRNAのノックダウンをもたらした(Soutschek,J.,et al(2004)Nature 432:173−178)。アプタマーへのiRNAの結合は、前立腺癌のマウスモデルにおける腫瘍増殖を阻害し、腫瘍退行を媒介することが示されている(McNamara,JO.,et al(2006)Nat.Biotechnol.24:1005−1015)。代替的な実施形態において、iRNAは、ナノ粒子、デンドリマー、ポリマー、リポソーム等の薬物送達システム、またはカチオン性送達システムを用いて送達することができる。正電荷を持つカチオン性送達システムは、(負電荷を持つ)iRNA分子の結合を促進し、また、負電荷を持つ細胞膜での相互作用を亢進させ、細胞によるiRNAの効率的な取り込みを可能にする。カチオン性脂質、デンドリマー、またはポリマーは、iRNAに結合されることができるか、あるいは、iRNAを包む小胞またはミセル(例えば、Kim SH.,et al(2008)Journal of Controlled Release 129(2):107−116を参照のこと)を形成するよう誘発されることができる。小胞またはミセルの形成は、全身投与の場合、iRNAの分解をさらに防止する。カチオン性iRNA複合体を作製および投与するための方法は、十分当業者の能力の範囲内である(例えば、Sorensen,DR.,et al(2003)J.Mol.Biol 327:761−766、Verma,UN.,et al(2003)Clin.Cancer Res.9:1291−1300、Arnold,AS et al(2007)J.Hypertens.25:197−205を参照されたく、これらは、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)。iRNAの全身投与に有用な薬物送達システムの幾つかの非限定的な例には、DOTAP(Sorensen,DR.,et al(2003)、上記参照、Verma,UN.,et al(2003)、上記参照)、オリゴフェクタミン(Oligofectamine)、「固体核酸脂質粒子」(Zimmermann,TS.,et al(2006)Nature 441:111−114)、カルジオリピン(Chien,PY.,et al(2005)Cancer Gene Ther.12:321−328、Pal,A.,et al(2005)Int J.Oncol.26:1087−1091)、ポリエチレンイミン(Bonnet ME.,et al(2008)Pharm.Res.Aug 16 Epub ahead of print;Aigner,A.(2006)J.Biomed.Biotechnol.71659)、Arg−Gly−Asp(RGD)ペプチド(Liu,S.(2006)Mol.Pharm.3:472−487)、およびポリアミドアミン(Tomalia,DA.,et al(2007)Biochem.Soc.Trans.35:61−67、Yoo,H.,et al(1999)Pharm.Res.16:1799−1804)が挙げられる。幾つかの実施形態において、iRNAは、全身投与のためにシクロデキストリンを用いて複合体を形成する。iRNAおよびシクロデキストリンの薬学的組成物を投与するための方法は、米国特許第7,427,605号に見出すことができ、これは、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
別の態様において、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子を標的とするiRNAは、DNAまたはRNAベクターに挿入された転写単位から発現することができる(例えば、Couture,A,et al.,TIG.(1996),12:5−10、Skillern,Aらの国際PCT公報番号WO00/22113、Conradの国際PCT公報番号WO00/22114、およびConradの米国特許第6,054,299号を参照のこと)。発現は、使用された特定の構築物および標的組織または細胞型に依存して、一時的(およそ数時間から数週間)または持続的(数週間から数ヶ月またはそれ以上)であり得る。これらの導入遺伝子は、線状構築物、環状プラスミド、またはウイルスベクターとして導入することができ、これらは、組み込み型ベクターまたは非組み込み型ベクターであり得る。また、導入遺伝子は、染色体外プラスミドとして受け継がれるのを可能にするように、構築することもできる(Gassmann,et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1995)92:1292)。
一実施形態において、iRNAと、薬学的に許容される担体とを含有する薬学的組成物が、本明細書において提供される。該iRNAを含有する薬学的組成物は、CD274/PD−L1の発現により媒介される病理過程等の、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現もしくは活性に関連する疾患もしくは障害の治療に有用である。かかる薬学的組成物は、送達様式に基づいて製剤化される。一例は、非経口投与を介して、例えば、静脈(IV)送達による全身投与用に製剤化される組成物である。別の例は、例えば、持続ポンプ注入等による脳への注入により、脳実質への直接送達用に製剤化される組成物である。
薬物の製剤化用に研究および使用されているマイクロエマルジョンの他に、組織化された多くの界面活性剤の構造がある。これらには、単層、ミセル、二重層、および小胞が含まれる。リポソーム等の小胞は、薬物送達の観点からの、それらが提示する特異性および作用の持続時間から、大きな関心を集めている。本発明において使用される、「リポソーム」という用語は、球状の1つまたは複数の二重層に配置された両親媒性脂質の小胞を意味する。
一実施形態において、本発明で特徴となるCD274/PD−L1のdsRNAは、脂質製剤中に完全にカプセル化されて、例えば、SPLP、pSPLP、SNALP、または他の核酸脂質粒子を形成する。本明細書で使用される、「SNALP」という用語は、SPLPを含む安定な核酸脂質粒子を指す。本明細書で使用される、「SPLP」という用語は、脂質小胞内にカプセル化されたプラスミドDNAを含む核酸脂質粒子を指す。SNALPおよびSPLPは、典型的には、カチオン性脂質、非カチオン性脂質、および粒子の凝集を阻止する脂質(例えば、PEG脂質結合体)を含有する。SNALPおよびSPLPは、静脈内(i.v.)注射後に長時間の循環寿命を呈し、遠位の部位(例えば、投与部位から物理的に離れた部位)に蓄積するため、全身適用に非常に有用である。SPLPには、「pSPLP」が含まれ、これには、PCT公報番号WO00/03683に記載されるカプセル化された縮合剤と核酸との複合体が含まれる。本発明の粒子は、典型的には約50nm〜約150nm、より典型的には約60nm〜約130nm、より典型的には約70nm〜約110nm、最も典型的には約70nm〜約90nmの平均直径を有し、実質的に無毒である。さらに、該核酸は、本発明の核酸脂質粒子中に存在する場合、水溶液中でヌクレアーゼによる分解に抵抗性である。核酸脂質粒子およびその調製方法は、例えば、米国特許第5,976,567号、第5,981,501号、第6,534,484号、第6,586,410号、第6,815,432号、およびWO96/40964に開示されている。
一実施形態において、脂質様(lipidoid)ND98・4HCl(MW1487)(2008年3月26日に出願された米国特許出願第12/056,230号を参照されたく、これは、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる)、コレステロール(Sigma−Aldrich)、およびPEG−Ceramide C16(Avanti Polar Lipid)を使用して、脂質dsRNAナノ粒子(すなわち、LNP01粒子)を調製することができる。それぞれエタノール中の原液を、ND98、133mg/ml;コレステロール、25mg/ml;PEG−Ceramide C16、100mg/mlのように調製することができる。次いで、ND98、コレステロール、およびPEG−Ceramide C16の原液を、例えば、42:48:10のモル比に混合することができる。混合された脂質溶液は、最終エタノール濃度が約35〜45%、および最終酢酸ナトリウム濃度が約100〜300mMになるように、(例えば、酢酸ナトリウム(pH5)中の)dsRNA水溶液と混合することができる。脂質dsRNAナノ粒子は、典型的には、混合時に自然発生的に形成される。所望の粒径分布に依存して、得られたナノ粒子混合物は、例えば、Lipex Extruder(Northern Lipids,Inc)等のサーモバレル押出機(thermobarrel extruder)を使用して、ポリカーボネート膜(例えば、100nmカットオフ)を通して押し出すことができる。場合によっては、押出ステップは割愛されてもよい。エタノール除去および同時の緩衝液交換は、例えば、透析または接線流濾過により達成することができる。緩衝液は、例えば、約pH7、例えば、約pH6.9、約pH7.0、約pH7.1、約pH7.2、約pH7.3、または約pH7.4のリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)と交換することができる。
式I
DSPC:ジステアロイルホスファチジルコリン
DPPC:ジパルミトイルホスファチジルコリン
PEG−DMG:PEG−ジジミリストイルグリセロール(C14−PEGまたはPEG−C14)(2000の平均モル重量を有するPEG)
PEG−DSG:PEG−ジスチリルグリセロール(C18−PEGまたはPEG−C18)(2000の平均モル重量を有するPEG)
PEG−cDMA:PEG−カルバモイル−1,2−ジミリスチルオキシプロピルアミン(2000の平均モル重量を有するPEG)
本発明の核酸脂質粒子に使用される、例えば、カチオン性脂質等の化合物のいずれも、実施例により詳細に記載される方法を含む、既知の有機合成技術により調製することができる。全ての置換基は、別途指示されない限り、以下に定義された通りである。
幾つかの実施形態において、本発明の核酸脂質粒子は、式A
のカチオン性脂質を用いて製剤化され、式中、R1およびR2は独立して、アルキル、アルケニル、またはアルキニルであり、それぞれが、任意に置換されてもよく、R3およびR4は独立して、低級アルキルであるか、またはR3およびR4は、一緒になって、置換されてもよい複素環を形成することができる。幾つかの実施形態において、該カチオン性脂質は、XTC(2,2−ジリノレイル−4−ジメチルアミノエチル−[1,3]−ジオキソラン)である。一般に、上の式Aの脂質は、以下の反応スキーム1または2により生成され得、全ての置換基は、別途示されない限り、上で定義された通りである。
式中、R1およびR2が独立して、アルキル、アルケニル、またはアルキニルであり、それぞれが、任意に置換されてもよく、R3およびR4が独立して、低級アルキルであるか、またはR3およびR4が、一緒になって、置換されてもよい複素環を形成することができる、脂質Aは、スキーム1に従って調製され得る。ケトン1および臭化物2は、購入され得るか、または当業者に公知の方法に従って調製され得る。1と2との反応により、ケタール3を得る。ケタール3をアミン4で処理することにより、式Aの脂質を得る。式Aの脂質を、式中、Xがハロゲン、水酸化物、ホスフェート、サルフェート等から選択されるアニオン性対イオンである、式5の有機塩を有する対応するアンモニウム塩に変換し得る。
DLin−M−C3−DMA(すなわち、(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)−ヘプタトリアコンタ−6,9,28,31−テトラエン−19−イル4−(ジメチルアミノ)ブタノエート)の調製は、以下の通りであった。ジクロロメタン(5mL)中の(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)−ヘプタトリアコンタ−6,9,28,31−テトラエン−19−オール(0.53g)、4−N,N−ジメチルアミノブチル酸塩酸塩(0.51g)、4−N,N−ジメチルアミノピリジン(0.61g)および1−エチル−3−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド塩酸塩(0.53g)の溶液を、室温で一晩撹拌した。該溶液を希塩酸で洗浄し、続いて、希重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液で洗浄した。有機画分を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過し、溶媒を回転式エバポレータ上で除去した。残渣を、1〜5%のメタノール/ジクロロメタン溶出勾配を用いて、シリカゲルカラム(20g)に通した。精製産物を含有する画分を組み合わせ、溶媒を除去し、無色油(0.54g)を得た。
2口のRBF(1L)において、200mlの無水THF中のLiAlH4(3.74g、0.09852mol)の撹拌懸濁液に、70mLのTHF中の514の溶液(10g、0.04926mol)を、窒素雰囲気下で、0 0Cで徐々に添加した。添加が完了した後、反応混合物を室温まで温め、次いで、4時間加熱還流した。反応の進行をTLCで観察した。(TLCにより)反応の完了した後、混合物を0 0Cまで冷却し、飽和Na2SO4溶液を慎重に添加して、反応停止した。反応混合物を室温で4時間撹拌し、濾過した。残渣をTHFで十分洗浄した。濾液および洗浄液を混合し、400mLのジオキサンおよび26mLの濃HClで希釈し、室温で20分間撹拌した。揮発物質を、真空下で揮散して、白色固体として515の塩酸塩を得た。収率:7.12g 1H−NMR(DMSO,400MHz):δ=9.34(broad,2H),5.68(s,2H),3.74(m,1H),2.66−2.60(m,2H),2.50−2.45(m,5H)。
250mLの2口のRBFにおいて、100mLの乾燥DCM中の化合物515の撹拌溶液に、NEt3(37.2mL、0.2669mol)を添加し、窒素雰囲気下で、0℃まで冷却した。50mLの乾燥DCM中でN−(ベンジルオキシ−カルボニルオキシ)−スクシンイミド(20g、0.08007mol)を徐々に添加した後、反応混合物を室温まで加温した。(TLCにより2〜3時間)反応を完了した後、混合物を1N HCl溶液(1×100mL)および飽和NaHCO3溶液(1×50mL)で順次洗浄した。次いで、有機層を、無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、溶媒を蒸発させて、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した粗材料を得て、粘着塊として516を得た。収率:11g(89%)。1H−NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ=7.36−7.27(m,5H),5.69(s,2H),5.12(s,2H),4.96(br.,1H)2.74(s,3H),2.60(m,2H),2.30−2.25(m,2H)。LC−MS[M+H]−232.3(96.94%)。
シクロペンテン516(5g、0.02164mol)を、1口の500mL RBFにおいて、220mLのアセトンおよび水(10:1)の溶液中に溶解し、それに、N−メチルモルホリン−N−酸化物(7.6g、0.06492mol)を室温で添加し、続いて、4.2mLのtert−ブタノール中の7.6%のOsO4の溶液(0.275g、0.00108mol)を室温で添加した。反応が完了した後(約3時間)、混合物を固体Na2SO3で反応停止し、得られた混合物を室温で1.5時間撹拌した。反応混合物をDCM(300mL)で希釈し、水(2×100mL)で洗浄し、続いて、飽和NaHCO3(1×50mL)溶液、水、(1×30mL)、最後にブライン(1×50mL)で洗浄した。有機相をNa2SO4で乾燥させ、溶媒を真空中で除去した。粗材料のシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー精製によりジアステレオマーの混合物を得て、これを分取HPLCにより分離した。収率:−6gの粗製物
化合物505の合成について記載されるものと同様の手順を用いて、化合物518(1.2g、41%)を無色油として得た。1H−NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ=7.35−7.33(m,4H),7.30−7.27(m,1H),5.37−5.27(m,8H),5.12(s,2H),4.75(m,1H),4.58−4.57(m,2H),2.78−2.74(m,7H),2.06−2.00(m,8H),1.96−1.91(m,2H),1.62(m,4H),1.48(m,2H),1.37−1.25(br m,36H),0.87(m,6H)。HPLC−98.65%。
ヘキサン(15mL)中の化合物518(1当量)の溶液を、THF(1M、2当量)中のLAHの氷冷却した溶液に、滴加様式で添加した。添加が完了した後、混合物を0.5時間にわたり40℃で加熱し、次いで、氷浴上で再度冷却した。混合物を、飽和Na2SO4水溶液で慎重に加水分解し、次いで、セライトを通して濾過し、還元して油にした。カラムクロマトグラフィーにより、純粋な519(1.3g、68%)が得られ、これを無色油として得た。13C NMR□=130.2,130.1(x2),127.9(x3),112.3,79.3,64.4,44.7,38.3,35.4,31.5,29.9(x2),29.7,29.6(x2),29.5(x3),29.3(x2),27.2(x3),25.6,24.5,23.3,226,14.1;エレクトロスプレーMS(+ve):C44H80NO2(M+H)+に対する分子量、計算値654.6、実測値654.6。
エマルジョン
本発明の組成物は、エマルジョンとして調製および製剤化することができる。エマルジョンは、典型的には、1つの液体が、通常直径0.1μmを超える液滴の形態の別の液体中に分散された多相系である(例えば、Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems,Allen,LV.,Popovich NG.,and Ansel HC.,2004,Lippincott Williams & Wilkins(8th ed.),New York,NY、Idson,in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 1,p.199、Rosoff,in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,Volume 1,p.245、Block in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Lieberman,Rieger and Banker(Eds.),1988,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,N.Y.,volume 2,p.335、Higuchi et al.,in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.,1985,p.301)。エマルジョンは、しばしば、互いに密接して混合および分散される、2つの非混合性の液相を含む二相系である。一般に、エマルジョンは、油中水(w/o)型または水中油(o/w)型のいずれかの種類であり得る。水相が、大部分を占める油相中に微細に分割されて、微小液滴として分散される場合、得られる組成物は、油中水(w/o)型エマルジョンと称される。あるいは、油相が、大部分を占める水相中に微細に分割されて、微小液滴として分散される場合、得られる組成物は、水中油(o/w)型エマルジョンと称される。エマルジョンは、分散相に加えてさらなる構成成分と、水相または油相のいずれか中の溶液として、またはそれ自体別個の相として存在し得る、活性薬物とを含有することができる。また、乳化剤、安定剤、染料、および抗酸化剤等の薬学的賦形剤が、必要に応じてエマルジョン中に存在してもよい。また、薬学的エマルジョンは、例えば、油中水中油(o/w/o)型および水中油中水(w/o/w)型エマルジョンの場合等の、2つを超える相を含む、多重エマルジョンであってもよい。このような複合製剤は、しばしば、単純な二元エマルジョンでは提供されない、特定の利点を提供する。o/w型エマルジョンの個々の油滴が小さな水滴を囲む多重エマルジョンは、w/o/w型エマルジョンを構成する。同様に、油の連続相中で安定化された水の小球内に囲まれた油滴の系は、o/w/o型エマルジョンを提供する。
一実施形態において、本発明は、核酸、特にiRNAの、動物の皮膚への効率的な送達をもたらすために、種々の浸透促進剤を用いる。ほとんどの薬物は、イオン化および非イオン化の両方の形態で溶液中に存在する。しかしながら、通常脂溶性または親油性の薬物のみが、容易に細胞膜を横断する。横断される膜が浸透促進剤で処理されている場合、非親油性薬物でさえも、細胞膜を横断し得ることが発見されている。非親油性薬物の細胞膜を横断する拡散の補助に加えて、浸透促進剤は、親油性薬物の透過性も亢進する。
また、本発明の特定の組成物には、製剤中に担体化合物が組み込まれる。本明細書で使用される、「担体化合物」または「担体」は、不活性(すなわち、それ自体生物活性を有さない)であるが、例えば、生物活性のある核酸の分解、または循環からのその除去の促進により、生物活性を有する核酸の生物学的利用能を減少させるインビボ過程により、核酸として認識される、核酸、またはその類似体を指すことができる。核酸と担体化合物との同時投与は、典型的には後者の物質を過剰に伴い、おそらく共通の受容体に対する担体化合物と核酸との間の競合により、肝臓、腎臓、または他の循環外の貯蔵所で回収される核酸の量の著しい減少をもたらし得る。例えば、肝組織中の部分的ホスホロチオエートdsRNAの回収は、それがポリイノシン酸、硫酸デキストラン、ポリシチジン酸(polycytidic acid)、または4−アセトアミド−4'イソチオシアノ−スチルベン−2,2'−ジスルホン酸と同時投与されるとき、減少され得る(Miyao et al.,DsRNA Res.Dev.,1995,5,115−121、Takakura et al.,DsRNA & Nucl.Acid Drug Dev.,1996,6,177−183。
担体化合物とは対照的に、「薬学的担体」または「賦形剤」は、1つまたはそれ以上の核酸を動物に送達するための、薬学的に許容される溶媒、懸濁剤、または任意の他の薬理学的に不活性な媒体である。賦形剤は液体または固体であり得、核酸および所定の薬学的組成物の他の構成成分と組み合わされたときに、所望の用量、軟度等を与えるように、計画された投与の様態を念頭において選択される。典型的な薬学的担体としては、結合剤(例えば、アルファ化トウモロコシデンプン、ポリビニルピロリドン、またはヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等)、充填剤(例えば、ラクトースおよび他の糖、微結晶性セルロース、ペクチン、ゼラチン、硫酸カルシウム、エチルセルロース、ポリアクリレート、またはリン酸水素カルシウム等)、滑沢剤(例えば、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、タルク、シリカ、コロイド状二酸化ケイ素、ステアリン酸、金属ステアレート、水素化植物油、コーンスターチ、ポリエチレングリコール、安息香酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム等)、崩壊剤(例えば、デンプン、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム等)、ならびに湿潤剤(例えば、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム等)が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明の組成物は、薬学的組成物中に従来認められる他の補助的な構成成分を、それらの当該技術分野において確立された使用量レベルで、さらに含有することができる。したがって、例えば、本組成物は、例えば、鎮痒薬、収斂薬、局所麻酔薬、または抗炎症薬等の、適合性のさらなる薬学的に活性な材料を含有してもよいか、あるいは、染料、香味剤、防腐剤、抗酸化剤、乳白剤、増粘剤、および安定剤等の、本発明の組成物の種々の剤形に物理的に製剤化するために有用なさらなる材料を含有してもよい。しかしながら、かかる材料は、添加されたときに、本発明の組成物の構成成分の生物活性を過度に妨げてはならない。該製剤を滅菌することができ、かつ、所望される場合には、補助的な剤、例えば、該製剤の1つまたは複数の核酸と有害に相互作用しない滑沢剤、防腐剤、安定剤、湿潤剤、乳化剤、浸透圧に影響を及ぼすための塩、緩衝液、着色物質、香味物質、および/または芳香物質等と混合することができる。
本発明は、特に、CD274/PD−L1を標的とするiRNA、およびCD274/PD−L1媒介性障害もしくは疾患の治療のために、少なくとも1つのかかるiRNAを含有する組成物の使用に関する。例えば、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子を標的とするiRNAを含有する組成物は、癌の治療のために使用される。本明細書で使用される、癌とは、周辺組織に侵襲し、新たな身体部位に転移する傾向がある未分化細胞の増殖を特徴とする様々な悪性新生物のいずれかを指し、そのような悪性新生物成長を特徴とする病理学的状態も指す。癌は、腫瘍または血液学的悪性腫瘍であり得、これには、肛門、膀胱、胆管、骨、脳、乳房、頸部、結腸/直腸、子宮内膜、食道、眼、胆嚢、頭頸部、肝臓、腎臓、喉頭、肺、縦隔(胸部)、口腔、卵巣、膵臓、陰茎、前立腺、皮膚、小腸、胃、脊髄、尾骨、精巣、甲状腺、および子宮に見出される癌または腫瘍等の、全ての種類のリンパ腫/白血病、癌腫、および肉腫が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
amet);スルフィソキサゾール;アセチルスルフィソキサゾール;スルフィソキサゾールジオラミン;スルホミキシン;スロペネム;スルタミシリン;サンシリンナトリウム;塩酸タランピシリン;テイコプラニン;塩酸テマフロキサシン;テモシリン;テトラサイクリン;塩酸テトラサイクリン;テトラサイクリンホスフェート複合体(Tetracycline Phosphate Complex);テトロキソプリム;チアンフェニコール;チフェンシリンカリウム;チカルシリンクレシルナトリウム;チカルシリン二ナトリウム;チカルシリン一ナトリウム;チクラトン;チオドニウムクロリド;トブラマイシン;硫酸トブラマイシン;トスフロキサシン;トリメトプリム;硫酸トリメトプリム;トリスルファピリミジン;トロールアンドマイシン(Troleandomycin);硫酸トロスペクトロマイシン;チロトリシン;バンコマイシン;塩酸バンコマイシン;バージニアマイシン;およびゾルバマイシンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
さらに別の態様において、本発明は、哺乳動物におけるCD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を調節する(例えば、阻害もしくは活性化する)ための方法を提供する。
試薬の供給源
試薬の供給源が本明細書に具体的に示されていない場合、かかる試薬は、分子生物学の用途に標準的な質/純度で、分子生物学用の試薬の任意の供給業者から得ることができる。
本出願人らは、本明細書に記載されるiRNA分子を生成するための幾つかの異なる方法を使用している。本実施例は、使用されているあるアプローチを説明する。当業者は、本明細書に記載されるiRNAを調製するための当該技術分野において既知であるあらゆる方法を使用することができる。
およびRNAホスホルアミダイトを、オリゴヌクレオチドの合成のために使用した。2'−Fホスホルアミダイト、5'−O−ジメトキシトリチル−N4−アセチル−2'−フルオロ−シチジン−3'−O−N,N'−ジイソプロピル−2−シアノエチル−ホスホルアミダイトおよび5'−O−ジメトキシトリチル−2'−フルオロ−ウリジン−3'−O−N,N'−ジイソプロピル−2−シアノエチル−ホスホルアミダイトが、(Promega)から購入される。ホスホルアミダイトは全て、10% THF/ANC(v/v)中の0.2Mの濃度で使用されるグアノシンを除いては、アセトニトリル(CH3CN)中の0.2Mの濃度で使用する。16分間のカップリング/再利用時間を使用する。活性化剤は、5−エチルチオテトラゾール(0.75M、American International Chemicals)であり、PO−酸化ヨウ素/水/ピリジン用に使用され、2,6−ルチジン/ACN(1:1 v/v)中のPS−酸化PADS(2%)用に使用される。
合成の完了後、支持体を100mLのガラスボトル(VWR)に移す。55℃で6.5時間、80mLのエタノールアンモニア[アンモニア:エタノール(3:1)]の混合物による塩基およびリン酸基の脱保護と同時に、オリゴヌクレオチドを支持体から開裂する。ボトルを氷上で短期間冷却し、次いで、エタノールアンモニア混合物を新しい250mLボトルに濾過する。CPGを2×40mL部分のエタノール/水(1:1 v/v)で洗浄する。次いで、混合物の体積を回転式エバポレータにより約30mLまで減少させる。次いで、混合物をドライアイス上で冷凍し、真空遠心分離装置(speed vac)上の真空下で乾燥させる。
乾燥残渣を26mLのトリエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン三フッ化水素酸塩(TEA・3HF)またはピリジン−HFおよびDMSO(3:4:6)中に再懸濁し、90分間、60℃で加熱し、2'位におけるtert−ブチルジメチルシリル(TBDMS)基を除去する。次いで、反応物を50mLの20mM 酢酸ナトリウムで反応停止し、pHを6.5に調節する。精製するまで、オリゴヌクレオチドを冷凍庫中に保存する。
オリゴヌクレオチドは、精製する前に高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)で分析し、緩衝液およびカラムの選択は、配列およびまたは結合リガンドの性質に依存する。
リガンド結合オリゴヌクレオチドは、調製用逆相HPLCにより精製する。未結合オリゴヌクレオチドは、施設内で充填したTSKゲルカラムの陰イオン交換HPLCにより精製する。緩衝液は、10% CH3CN中の20mMリン酸ナトリウム(pH8.5)(緩衝液A)、および10% CH3CN、1M NaBr中の20mMリン酸ナトリウム(pH8.5)(緩衝液B)である。全長オリゴヌクレオチドを含有する画分をプールし、脱塩し、凍結乾燥する。約0.15ODの脱塩オリゴヌクレオチドを水で希釈して150μLにし、次いで、CGEおよびLC/MS解析用の特殊バイアルにピペットで移した。次いで、化合物をLC−ESMSおよびCGEにより分析する。
iRNAの一般調製の場合、等モル量のセンスおよびアンチセンス鎖を、1×PBS中で、5分間95℃で加熱し、室温まで徐々に冷却する。二本鎖の完全性は、HPLC分析により確認する。
転写物
オリゴヌクレオチド設計は、ヒト「CD274分子」をコードする遺伝子を標的とするsiRNA(NCBIのヒトシンボルCD274)、ならびにマウス(Mus musculus)およびラット(Rattus norvegicus)からのオーソロガス配列を特定するために実行された。設計過程は、ヒトからのCD274転写物NM_014143.2(NCBI GeneId 29126;SEQ ID NO:869、図1)、マウスからのNM_021893.2(NCBI GeneId 60533;SEQ ID NO:870、図2)、ならびにラットからのXM_001079572.1およびXM_574652.2(NCBI GeneId 499342;それぞれ、SEQ ID NO:871、図3およびSEQ ID NO:872、図4)を使用した。全ての配列は、NCBI Refseq収集から得た。
19量体のオリゴセットの特異性をそれぞれの配列から予測した。CD274のsiRNAを、FASTAアルゴリズムを用いて、それらのそれぞれのヒト、マウス、およびラットのトランスクリプトーム(NCBI Refseqセット内のNM_およびXM_の記録のセットとして定義される)に対する包括的検索において使用した。次いで、Pythonスクリプト「オフターゲットFasta.py」を用いて、整列を解析し、siRNAと任意の潜在的「オフターゲット」転写物との間のミスマッチの位置および数に基づいてスコアを得た。該オフターゲットスコアは、分子の5'端から2〜9位での、siRNAの「シード」領域の差異を強調するように重み付けする。該オフターゲットスコアは、以下のとおり算出される。オリゴと転写物との間のミスマッチに、ペナルティーを課す。オリゴの2〜9位での、シード領域のミスマッチには、2.8のペナルティーを課し、推定切断部位10および11のミスマッチには、1.2のペナルティーを課し、全ての他のミスマッチには、1のペナルティーを課す。次いで、それぞれのオリゴ転写物対のオフターゲットスコアが、ミスマッチのペナルティーを合計することにより計算される。次いで、全てのオリゴ転写物対からの最小オフターゲットスコアを決定し、オリゴのその後の分類に使用する。両方のsiRNA鎖を、算出したスコアに従って、特異性のカテゴリーに割り当てた。3を超えるスコアは、高度の特異性があり、3に等しいスコアは、特異性があり、2.2〜2.8のスコアは、中程度の特異性があると見なす。どのオリゴが合成されるべきか選択するときに、アンチセンス鎖のオフターゲットスコアを、降順に並べ、最良の(最小オフターゲットスコア)オリゴ対を取った。
1μモルの規模で、MerMade192合成機において、CD274配列を合成した。
・センス鎖内の全てのピリミジン(シトシンおよびウリジン)は、2'−O−メチル塩基(2'−O−メチルCおよび2'−O−メチルU)を含有した。
・アンチセンス鎖では、リボAヌクレオシドに隣接する(5'位に向かって)ピリミジンは、それらの対応する2−O−メチルヌクレオシドと置換された。
・センスおよびアンチセンス配列の両方の3'端で、2つの塩基dTsdTの拡張を導入した。
・配列ファイルをテキストファイルに変換し、MerMade192合成ソフトウェアにおける負荷に対して互換性を保つようにした。
CD274配列の合成は、ホスホルアミダイト化学反応を用いて、固体支持されたオリゴヌクレオチド合成を使用した。
CD274配列は、Source15Qカラムを用いて、AKTA explorer精製システムにおいて精製した。65℃のカラム温度を精製中維持した。試料の注射および収集を、96ウェル(1.8mLの深いウェル)プレート中で行った。完全長配列に対応する単一ピークを、溶離液中に収集した。AKTA精製器を用いて、Sephadex G25カラム上に精製された配列を、脱塩した。濃度(A260での紫外線測定により)および純度(イオン交換HPLCにより)のために、脱塩したCD274配列を、分析した。次いで、アニーリングのために単鎖を提出した。
細胞培養および形質移入:
RKOまたはHep3B(ATCC,Manassas,VA)細胞を、トリプシン処理によりプレートからはがす前に、10% FBS、ストレプトマイシン、およびグルタミン(ATCC)で補完されるMcCoy培地またはEMEM(それぞれ)(ATCC)中の5% CO2の雰囲気下で、37℃でほぼコンフルエントまで増殖した。逆転写は、10μLのOpti−MEMに加えて、ウェル当たり0.2μLのLipofectamine RNAiMax(Invitrogen,Carlsbad CA.cat#13778−150)と一緒に、96ウェルプレート中に5μLのOpti−MEMをウェル当たり5μLのsiRNA二重鎖に添加することにより行われ、室温で15分間インキュベートした。次いで、2.0×104 Hela細胞を含有する抗生物質を含有しない、80μLの完全成長培地を添加した。RNA精製前に、細胞を、24時間インキュベートした。それぞれのCD274二重鎖を用いた単回用量スクリーニングのために、0.1または10nMの最終二重濃度で実験を行った。10nMおよび0.1nMのスクリーニングにおいて、堅牢なサイレンシングを示した16本の二重鎖のサブセットを、連続希釈法を用いて10nM〜10fMの濃度の範囲にわたって分析し、それらのIC50を決定した。
細胞を、採集し、140μLの溶解/結合溶液中で溶解し、次いで、Eppendorf Thermomixerを用いて850rpmで1分間混合した(混合速度は、過程を通して同一であった)。20マイクロリットルの電磁ビーズおよび溶解/結合エンハンサーの混合物を、細胞溶解物に添加し、5分間混合した。磁気ビーズは、磁気スタンドを用いて捕捉し、ビーズを妨害することなく、上清を除去した。上清を除去した後、磁気ビーズを洗浄液1(イソプロパノールを添加)で洗浄し、1分間混合した。ビーズを再度捕捉し、上清を除去した。次いで、ビーズを150μLの洗浄液2(エタノールを添加)で洗浄し、捕捉し、上清を除去した。次いで、50μLのDNアーゼ混合物(MagMax turbo DNase BufferおよびTurbo DNase)をビーズに添加し、それらを10〜15分間混合した。混合後、100μLのRNA再結合溶液を添加し、3分間混合した。上清を除去し、磁気ビーズを150μLの洗浄液2で再度洗浄し、1分間混合し、上清を完全に除去した。磁気ビーズを2分間混合し、RNAを50μLの水で溶離する前に乾燥させた。
2μLの10×緩衝液、0.8μLの25×dNTP、2μLのランダムプライマー、1μLの逆転写酵素、1μLのRNase阻害剤、および反応当たり3.2μLのH2Oのマスターミックスを、10μLの総RNAに添加した。以下のステップを通して、Bio−Rad C−1000またはS−1000のサーマルサイクラー(Hercules,CA)を用いて、cDNAを生成した:25℃で10分間、37℃で120分間、85℃で5秒間、4℃で保持。
2μLのcDNAを、LightCycler 480 384ウェルプレート(Roche cat#0472974001)中のウェル当たり合計10μLで、0.5μLのGAPDH TaqManプローブ(Applied Biosystems Cat# 4326317E)、0.5μLのCD274(PD−L1)TaqManプローブ(Applied Biosystems cat#Hs01125301_m1)、および5μLのRoche Probes Master Mix(Roche Cat#04887301001)のマスターミックスに添加した。LightCycler 480リアルタイムPCR機械(Roche)において、リアルタイムPCRを行った。それぞれの二本鎖を、少なくとも2つの独立した形質移入において試験した。RKOおよびHep3B細胞内で試験したこれらのsiRNAについては、少なくとも3つの形質移入を実施した。それぞれの形質移入は、二重でqPCRにより分析した。
Claims (33)
- CD274/PD−L1の発現を阻害するための二本鎖リボ核酸(dsRNA)であって、該dsRNAが、センス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖を含み、該センス鎖が、SEQ ID NO:415のヌクレオチド配列と3個以下のヌクレオチドが異なる少なくとも15個の連続するヌクレオチドを含み、かつ該アンチセンス鎖が、SEQ ID NO:416の対応するアンチセンスヌクレオチド配列と3個以下のヌクレオチドが異なる少なくとも15個の連続するヌクレオチドを含む、dsRNA。
- CD274/PD−L1の発現を阻害するための二本鎖リボ核酸(dsRNA)であって、該dsRNAが、センス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖を含み、該アンチセンス鎖が、CD274/PD−L1のRNA転写物に対する相補性領域を含み、該アンチセンス鎖が、表2、表3、または表5に列記されるアンチセンス配列のうちの1つと3個以下のヌクレオチドが異なる少なくとも15個の連続するヌクレオチドを含む、dsRNA。
- 少なくとも1個の修飾ヌクレオチドを含む、請求項1または2に記載のdsRNA。
- 前記修飾ヌクレオチドのうちの少なくとも1つが、2'−O−メチル修飾ヌクレオチド、5'−ホスホロチオエート基を含むヌクレオチド、およびコレステリル誘導体またはドデカン酸ビスデシルアミド基に結合される末端ヌクレオチドからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載のdsRNA。
- 前記修飾ヌクレオチドが、2'−デオキシ−2'−フルオロ修飾ヌクレオチド、2'−デオキシ−修飾ヌクレオチド、ロックドヌクレオチド、脱塩基ヌクレオチド、2'−アミノ−修飾ヌクレオチド、2'−アルキル−修飾ヌクレオチド、モルホリノヌクレオチド、ホスホルアミデート、およびヌクレオチドを含む非天然塩基からなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載のdsRNA。
- 前記相補性領域が、少なくとも17ヌクレオチド長である、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 前記相補性領域が、19〜21ヌクレオチド長である、請求項2〜5のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 前記相補性領域が、19ヌクレオチド長である、請求項7に記載のdsRNA。
- それぞれの鎖が、30ヌクレオチド長以下である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 少なくとも1本の鎖が、少なくとも1個のヌクレオチドの3'オーバーハングを含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 少なくとも1本の鎖が、少なくとも2個のヌクレオチドの3'オーバーハングを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- リガンドをさらに含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 前記リガンドが、前記dsRNAの前記センス鎖の3'端に結合される、請求項12記載のdsRNA。
- 前記相補性領域が、表2、表3、または表5のアンチセンス配列のうちの1つからなる、請求項2〜13のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 前記センス鎖が、SEQ ID NO:415からなり、かつ前記アンチセンス鎖が、SEQ ID NO:416からなる、請求項2〜13のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 前記センス鎖が、SEQ ID NO:371からなり、かつ前記アンチセンス鎖が、SEQ ID NO:372からなる、請求項2〜13のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 表2、表3、または表5から選択されるセンス鎖配列からなるセンス鎖と、表2、表3、または表5から選択されるアンチセンス配列からなるアンチセンス鎖とを含む、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNA。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNAを含有する、細胞。
- 請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNAを含む、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を阻害するための薬学的組成物。
- 脂質製剤をさらに含む、請求項19に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記脂質製剤が、SNALP製剤またはXTC製剤である、請求項20に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 細胞におけるCD274/PD−L1の発現を阻害する方法であって、
(a)請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNAを、該細胞に導入するステップと、
(b)ステップ(a)で産生された細胞を、CD274/PD−L1遺伝子のmRNA転写物の分解を達成するために十分な時間維持し、それにより、該細胞における該CD274/PD−L1遺伝子の発現を阻害するステップと
を含む、方法。 - 前記CD274/PD−L1の発現を少なくとも30%阻害する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- CD274/PD−L1の発現により媒介される障害を治療する方法であって、治療上有効量の、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載のdsRNAまたは請求項19〜21のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物を、そのような治療を必要とするヒトに投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記ヒトが、癌または血液学的悪性腫瘍を患っている、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒトが、感染症を患っている、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記感染症が、ウイルス性、細菌性、真菌性、または寄生虫性の疾患である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- ウイルス性、細菌性、真菌性、または寄生虫性の前記疾患が、慢性感染症である、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記dsRNAを対象の体重1kg当たり0.01mg〜5mgの濃度で投与する、請求項24〜28のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CD274/PD−L1mRNAを切断のための標的とするdsRNAをコードするベクターであって、該dsRNAが、1本の鎖の上に該CD274/PD−L1mRNAに対する相補性領域を含み、該相補性領域が、30塩基対長またはそれ未満の該dsRNAの二重鎖領域を供給する、ベクター。
- 前記相補性領域が、少なくとも15ヌクレオチド長である、請求項30に記載のベクター。
- 前記相補性領域が、19〜21ヌクレオチド長である、請求項30に記載のベクター。
- 請求項30〜32のいずれか一項に記載のベクターを含む、細胞。
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