JP2019528798A - がんを治療するための新規アプローチ - Google Patents
がんを治療するための新規アプローチ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
過去数十年のがん研究において、免疫系が有効な抗腫瘍応答の惹起及び解除に不可欠であることが明らかになった。したがって、通常のがん療法に組み込むことが必要である。しかし、がん細胞は、例えば、抗原提示障害を導くHLA分子の下方制御によって、IL-10又はアデノシン等の阻害性可溶性メディエータの分泌によって、又はT細胞阻害性リガンドの発現によって、抗腫瘍免疫応答を回避する機構を発達させた。
配列選択及びオリゴヌクレオチド修飾プロセス
最初に、可能性のある標的部位を表す適切な配列を専用の生物情報学的ツールを使用して同定した。第2の工程では、これらの配列に対する化学修飾の効果について、修飾パターンを最適化するためにインシリコで予測した。
13merの長さから17merの長さの範囲の配列長について考察した。
・どの配列もヒト又はサルの任意のオフターゲット領域に完全にマッチ(100%)するべきではない。
・15mer及び16merと比較してより短い配列(例えば、13mer及び14mer)との1つのミスマッチを許容することによって、多数のオフターゲットmRNAマッチが許容された。
・どの17merも、1つのミスマッチを許容して、ヒト及びサルの任意の予測されたオフターゲット結合を示すべきではない。
・どの配列も任意のプレ-mRNAオフターゲット領域に完全に(100%)マッチするべきではない。
・どの17merも、1つのミスマッチを許容して、プレ-mRNAの任意の予測されたオフターゲット結合を示すべきではない。
融解温度及びヘアピン又は二量体の形成傾向等の物理化学的特性に対する化学修飾の効果は、利用可能な予測ツールを使用して評価した。全体で、最高の予測特異性を有する配列をベースにした217個の可能性のあるオリゴヌクレオチドをこれらのツールを使用して分析した。
アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドのインビトロスクリーニング
材料:
HDLM-2細胞株-DSMZ(Deutsche Sammlung fur Mikroorganismen und Zelllinien、Braunschweig、Germany/ACC-17)
HDLM-2細胞株はDSMZから購入し、マスター及びワーキング細胞バンクのために増やし、さらなる実験全てのために補足RPMI1640培地(5%CO2及び37℃)で培養した。U-87MG細胞株はATCCから購入し、マスター及びワーキング細胞バンクのために増やし、さらなる実験全てのために補足DMEM培地(5%CO2及び37℃)で培養した。ワーキング細胞バンクから解凍した各細胞バッチの培養期間は2から3週間の間とした。
選択したアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドによるPD-L1タンパク質発現の下方制御
タンパク質レベルでの標的下方制御に対するオリゴヌクレオチドの可能性を調べるために、両細胞株においてRNAレベルでの標的阻害に対する最高の有効性によって判定して、最も活性のあるオリゴヌクレオチドの5つを選択した。(選択したオリゴヌクレオチド:A03021;A03053;A03043;A03037;A03014)。したがって、選択した各オリゴヌクレオチド及びスクランブル(陰性)対照の様々な濃度を、各ヌクレオチドについて10μM;1μM;0.5μM;0.1μMで開始して3連で使用した。対照として、細胞を前述の通り未処理のままにした(「オリゴ無し」)。残りのウェルは全て、いかなる蒸発効果も防ぐために培地150μlで満たした。
1.末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)の精製
BC#2 25mlをPBSで希釈して最終体積350mlとした。希釈物35mlを50mlファルコンチューブ中でBiocoll 15ml上に重層した。800gで20分間中断せずに遠心分離(室温)後、単核細胞層を注意深く新たな50mlファルコンチューブに移した。チューブをPBSで50mlになるまで満たし、500gで5分間遠心分離した(室温)。洗浄を1回繰り返し、細胞ペレットをその後プールして計数した。
プラスティック接着をベースにした単核球濃縮のために、100 Mio PBMCを80cm2フラスコ中においてRPMIf 12mlに接種した。37℃で2時間インキュベーション後、非接着細胞を除去し、単核球層を注意深くRPMIfで2回洗浄した。最後に、IL-4 10ng/ml及びGM-CSF 40ng/mlを補足RPMIf 12mlを添加し、細胞を37℃で72時間インキュベートした。
iDC(非接着及び弱い接着)を収集し、計数した。50000iDCを48ウェルプレートのウェル当たりに、GM-CSF(最終濃度:40ng/ml)、IL-4(最終濃度:10ng/ml)、IFN-g(最終濃度:1000U/ml)及びLPS(最終濃度:1μg/ml)を補足RPMIf 250μl中に接種した。未処理対照について、RPMIf 250μlをウェル当たりに添加し、その他の条件全てについて、250μlにそれぞれアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを補足し、Table 9(表009)で示した最終濃度にした。細胞を37℃で72時間インキュベートした。
成熟DC(mDC)を収集し、PBS/1%FCS(FACS緩衝液)で1回洗浄した。Fc受容体をTrue stain FcX 1μlを補足PBS50μlで5分間ブロックした。染色のために、それぞれの抗体及び生死判別色素をPBS50μlに添加し、それぞれ1:25及び1:2000に希釈した。4℃で20分インキュベーション後、細胞をFACS緩衝液で2回洗浄し、フローサイトメトリーによって分析した。
HDLM-2細胞(図1)及びU-87MG細胞(図2)におけるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの最初の選択によって、いくつかの高い活性の分子を得た。HPRT1(ハウスキーピング遺伝子)及びPD-L1の相対的発現レベルを算出し、HDLM-2細胞(図1/Table 6(表006))及びU-87MG細胞(図2/Table 7(表007))において全アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド及び未処理対照についてプロットした。
選択したアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドのIC50値の判定
RNアーゼH活性アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの典型的な標的活性は、トランスフェクション試薬を使用した、又はエレクトロポレーション後のオリゴヌクレオチドの細胞へのトランスフェクション後の標的mRNAレベルの測定によって判定する。
最も効力のあるPDL-1オリゴヌクレオチドのIC50値はHDLM-2細胞で判定された(細胞15,000個/ウェル)。したがって、HDLM-2細胞は前述のように選択されたPD-L1オリゴヌクレオチドの様々な濃度(10;3.33;1.11;0.37;0.12;0.041;0.0045μM)で3日間処理された。培養して3日後に、細胞を溶解し、RNAレベルをbDNAアッセイによって製造元のプロトコールに従って判定した。相対的IC50値は、GraphPadPrism 6ソフトウェアを使用して算出した(Table 10(表010)を参照)。
前記で論じた先行技術とは対照的に、本発明で記載したオリゴヌクレオチドは、トランスフェクション試薬又はエレクトロポレーションを必要としない強力で特異的な標的抑制を示す。先行技術の報告とは対照的に、本発明におけるオリゴヌクレオチドの大部分は10μMでPD-L1 mRNAを90%を上回って抑制した。
マウスアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの作製
ヒト及びマウスPD-L1の配列は、少し低い程度の相同性を示す。したがって、交差反応するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを作製することはできなかった。インビボモデルのマウスにおけるPD-L1ベースアンチセンスアプローチの概念実証を示すことができるようにするために、マウスPD-L1に特異性を有するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドはインビボにおける有効性を示すための代替として開発されなければならなかった。
マウスRenca及び4T1細胞株はATCCから購入し、マスター及びワーキング細胞バンクのために増やされ、補足DMEM培地(5%CO2及び37℃)でさらなる全実験のために培養した。ワーキング細胞バンクから解凍した各細胞バッチの培養期間は2から3週間の間であった。
RENCA細胞(図6)及び4T1細胞(図7)におけるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの最初の選択は、いくつかの活性の高い分子をもたらした。HPRT1(ハウスキーピング遺伝子)及びPD-L1の相対的発現レベルを算出し、RENCA細胞(図6/Table 12(表012))及び4T1細胞(図7/Table 13(表013))において全アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド及び未処理対照についてプロットした。
PD-L1オリゴヌクレオチド処理樹状細胞によるT細胞の抗原特異的刺激
樹状細胞(DC)におけるPD-L1ノックダウンの初回刺激能力に対する効果を調べるために、サイトメガロウイルスモデル系を使用した(実験形式:図8A))。したがって、HLA-B07陽性の健康な血液ドナーのCD14+単核球は、末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)から単離し、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF、最終濃度:20ng/ml)及びインターロイキン-4(IL-4、最終濃度:100ng/ml)を含有する培地中で48時間未成熟DCに分化させた。DCの成熟化は、以下からなるサイトカインカクテルの添加によって48時間後に誘導された:
ヒト骨髄由来サプレッサー細胞(MDSC)におけるヒトPD-L1のノックダウン
MDSCは、抑制性サイトカイン、抑制性酵素の産生によって、重要なことに、例えば、PD-1/PD-L1軸を介したエフェクター細胞との直接相互作用によっても、抗腫瘍エフェクター細胞を抑制することにおいて重要な役割を担う。したがって、インビトロにおいて単核球由来MDSCを作製した。CD14陽性単核球はヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)から単離し、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF、最終濃度:100ng/ml)、インターロイキン-4(IL-4、最終濃度:200ng/ml)及びプロスタグランジンE2(PGE2、最終濃度:1μM)による7日間の処理によってMDSCに分化させた。細胞は分化期間中、対照オリゴヌクレオチドS6若しくはヒトPD-L1特異的オリゴヌクレオチドA03014H 2.5μMで処理するか、又は未処理のままにした。細胞を収集し、PD-L1特異的抗体で染色して、フローサイトメトリーによって分析した。図9で示したように、MDSCのPD-L1特異的オリゴヌクレオチドA03014Hによる処理は、未処理細胞と比較してPD-L1タンパク質発現の83%抑制を引き起こした。重要なことに、対照オリゴヌクレオチドS6はPD-L1タンパク質発現に対して最小限の影響しか及ぼさなかった(未処理細胞と比較して10%抑制)。
がん細胞におけるPD-L1タンパク質発現に対するhPD-L1特異的ASOの効果の調査及びオリゴヌクレオチド除去後の効果の持続の調査
PD-L1 mRNA発現の低下に非常に効力のあるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドA03014H、A03021H、A03037H、A03043H、A03047H及びA03053Hは更に、PD-L1タンパク質発現に対するノックダウンの有効性に関して詳細に特徴づけられた(図10、Table 14(表015))。更に、アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド除去後の効果の持続を調べた。したがって、HDLM-2(ホジキンリンパ腫)細胞を全処理時間3日で、選択されたPD-L1特異的アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド又はいかなるヒトmRNAとも相補的でない対照オリゴヌクレオチドneg1 5μMで処理した。その後、オリゴヌクレオチドを除去し、hPD-L1タンパク質発現をオリゴヌクレオチド除去後1、2、3及び4日でフローサイトメトリーによって分析した(図10、Table 14(表015))。
1 ggcgcaacgc tgagcagctg gcgcgtcccg cgcggcccca gttctgcgca gcttcccgag
61 gctccgcacc agccgcgctt ctgtccgcct gcagggcatt ccagaaagat gaggatattt
121 gctgtcttta tattcatgac ctactggcat ttgctgaacg catttactgt cacggttccc
181 aaggacctat atgtggtaga gtatggtagc aatatgacaa ttgaatgcaa attcccagta
241 gaaaaacaat tagacctggc tgcactaatt gtctattggg aaatggagga taagaacatt
301 attcaatttg tgcatggaga ggaagacctg aaggttcagc atagtagcta cagacagagg
361 gcccggctgt tgaaggacca gctctccctg ggaaatgctg cacttcagat cacagatgtg
421 aaattgcagg atgcaggggt gtaccgctgc atgatcagct atggtggtgc cgactacaag
481 cgaattactg tgaaagtcaa tgccccatac aacaaaatca accaaagaat tttggttgtg
541 gatccagtca cctctgaaca tgaactgaca tgtcaggctg agggctaccc caaggccgaa
601 gtcatctgga caagcagtga ccatcaagtc ctgagtggta agaccaccac caccaattcc
661 aagagagagg agaagctttt caatgtgacc agcacactga gaatcaacac aacaactaat
721 gagattttct actgcacttt taggagatta gatcctgagg aaaaccatac agctgaattg
781 gtcatcccag aactacctct ggcacatcct ccaaatgaaa ggactcactt ggtaattctg
841 ggagccatct tattatgcct tggtgtagca ctgacattca tcttccgttt aagaaaaggg
901 agaatgatgg atgtgaaaaa atgtggcatc caagatacaa actcaaagaa gcaaagtgat
961 acacatttgg aggagacgta atccagcatt ggaacttctg atcttcaagc agggattctc
1021 aacctgtggt ttaggggttc atcggggctg agcgtgacaa gaggaaggaa tgggcccgtg
1081 ggatgcaggc aatgtgggac ttaaaaggcc caagcactga aaatggaacc tggcgaaagc
1141 agaggaggag aatgaagaaa gatggagtca aacagggagc ctggagggag accttgatac
1201 tttcaaatgc ctgaggggct catcgacgcc tgtgacaggg agaaaggata cttctgaaca
1261 aggagcctcc aagcaaatca tccattgctc atcctaggaa gacgggttga gaatccctaa
1321 tttgagggtc agttcctgca gaagtgccct ttgcctccac tcaatgcctc aatttgtttt
1381 ctgcatgact gagagtctca gtgttggaac gggacagtat ttatgtatga gtttttccta
1441 tttattttga gtctgtgagg tcttcttgtc atgtgagtgt ggttgtgaat gatttctttt
1501 gaagatatat tgtagtagat gttacaattt tgtcgccaaa ctaaacttgc tgcttaatga
1561 tttgctcaca tctagtaaaa catggagtat ttgtaaggtg cttggtctcc tctataacta
1621 caagtataca ttggaagcat aaagatcaaa ccgttggttg cataggatgt cacctttatt
1681 taacccatta atactctggt tgacctaatc ttattctcag acctcaagtg tctgtgcagt
1741 atctgttcca tttaaatatc agctttacaa ttatgtggta gcctacacac ataatctcat
1801 ttcatcgctg taaccaccct gttgtgataa ccactattat tttacccatc gtacagctga
1861 ggaagcaaac agattaagta acttgcccaa accagtaaat agcagacctc agactgccac
1921 ccactgtcct tttataatac aatttacagc tatattttac tttaagcaat tcttttattc
1981 aaaaaccatt tattaagtgc ccttgcaata tcaatcgctg tgccaggcat tgaatctaca
2041 gatgtgagca agacaaagta cctgtcctca aggagctcat agtataatga ggagattaac
2101 aagaaaatgt attattacaa tttagtccag tgtcatagca taaggatgat gcgaggggaa
2161 aacccgagca gtgttgccaa gaggaggaaa taggccaatg tggtctggga cggttggata
2221 tacttaaaca tcttaataat cagagtaatt ttcatttaca aagagaggtc ggtacttaaa
2281 ataaccctga aaaataacac tggaattcct tttctagcat tatatttatt cctgatttgc
2341 ctttgccata taatctaatg cttgtttata tagtgtctgg tattgtttaa cagttctgtc
2401 ttttctattt aaatgccact aaattttaaa ttcatacctt tccatgattc aaaattcaaa
2461 agatcccatg ggagatggtt ggaaaatctc cacttcatcc tccaagccat tcaagtttcc
2521 tttccagaag caactgctac tgcctttcat tcatatgttc ttctaaagat agtctacatt
2581 tggaaatgta tgttaaaagc acgtattttt aaaatttttt tcctaaatag taacacattg
2641 tatgtctgct gtgtactttg ctatttttat ttattttagt gtttcttata tagcagatgg
2701 aatgaatttg aagttcccag ggctgaggat ccatgccttc tttgtttcta agttatcttt
2761 cccatagctt ttcattatct ttcatatgat ccagtatatg ttaaatatgt cctacatata
2821 catttagaca accaccattt gttaagtatt tgctctagga cagagtttgg atttgtttat
2881 gtttgctcaa aaggagaccc atgggctctc cagggtgcac tgagtcaatc tagtcctaaa
2941 aagcaatctt attattaact ctgtatgaca gaatcatgtc tggaactttt gttttctgct
3001 ttctgtcaag tataaacttc actttgatgc tgtacttgca aaatcacatt ttctttctgg
3061 aaattccggc agtgtacctt gactgctagc taccctgtgc cagaaaagcc tcattcgttg
3121 tgcttgaacc cttgaatgcc accagctgtc atcactacac agccctccta agaggcttcc
3181 tggaggtttc gagattcaga tgccctggga gatcccagag tttcctttcc ctcttggcca
3241 tattctggtg tcaatgacaa ggagtacctt ggctttgcca catgtcaagg ctgaagaaac
3301 agtgtctcca acagagctcc ttgtgttatc tgtttgtaca tgtgcatttg tacagtaatt
3361 ggtgtgacag tgttctttgt gtgaattaca ggcaagaatt gtggctgagc aaggcacata
3421 gtctactcag tctattccta agtcctaact cctccttgtg gtgttggatt tgtaaggcac
3481 tttatccctt ttgtctcatg tttcatcgta aatggcatag gcagagatga tacctaattc
3541 tgcatttgat tgtcactttt tgtacctgca ttaatttaat aaaatattct tatttatttt
3601 gttacttggt acaccagcat gtccattttc ttgtttattt tgtgtttaat aaaatgttca
3661 gtttaacatc ccagtggaga aagttaaaaa a
1 gaaatcgtgg tccccaagcc tcatgccagg ctgcacttgc acgtcgcggg ccagtctcct
61 cgcctgcaga tagttcccaa aacatgagga tatttgctgg cattatattc acagcctgct
121 gtcacttgct acgggcgttt actatcacgg ctccaaagga cttgtacgtg gtggagtatg
181 gcagcaacgt cacgatggag tgcagattcc ctgtagaacg ggagctggac ctgcttgcgt
241 tagtggtgta ctgggaaaag gaagatgagc aagtgattca gtttgtggca ggagaggagg
301 accttaagcc tcagcacagc aacttcaggg ggagagcctc gctgccaaag gaccagcttt
361 tgaagggaaa tgctgccctt cagatcacag acgtcaagct gcaggacgca ggcgtttact
421 gctgcataat cagctacggt ggtgcggact acaagcgaat cacgctgaaa gtcaatgccc
481 cataccgcaa aatcaaccag agaatttccg tggatccagc cacttctgag catgaactaa
541 tatgtcaggc cgagggttat ccagaagctg aggtaatctg gacaaacagt gaccaccaac
601 ccgtgagtgg gaagagaagt gtcaccactt cccggacaga ggggatgctt ctcaatgtga
661 ccagcagtct gagggtcaac gccacagcga atgatgtttt ctactgtacg ttttggagat
721 cacagccagg gcaaaaccac acagcggagc tgatcatccc agaactgcct gcaacacatc
781 ctccacagaa caggactcac tgggtgcttc tgggatccat cctgttgttc ctcattgtag
841 tgtccacggt cctcctcttc ttgagaaaac aagtgagaat gctagatgtg gagaaatgtg
901 gcgttgaaga tacaagctca aaaaaccgaa atgatacaca attcgaggag acgtaagcag
961 tgttgaaccc tctgatcgtc gattggcagc ttgtggtctg tgaaagaaag ggcccatggg
1021 acatgagtcc aaagactcaa gatggaacct gagggagaga accaagaaag tgttgggaga
1081 ggagcctgga acaacggaca ttttttccag ggagacactg ctaagcaagt tgcccatcag
1141 tcgtcttggg aaatggattg agggttcctg gcttagcagc tggtccttgc acagtgacct
1201 tttcctctgc tcagtgccgg gatgagagat ggagtcatga gtgttgaaga ataagtgcct
1261 tctatttatt ttgagtctgt gtgttctcac tttgggcatg taattatgac tggtgaattc
1321 tgacgacatg atagatctta agatgtagtc accaaactca actgctgctt agcatcctcc
1381 gtaactactg atacaagcag ggaacacaga ggtcacctgc ttggtttgac aggctcttgc
1441 tgtctgactc aaataatctt tatttttcag tcctcaaggc tcttcgatag cagttgttct
1501 gtatcagcct tataggtgtc aggtatagca ctcaacatct catctcatta caatagcaac
1561 cctcatcacc atagcaacag ctaacctctg ttatcctcac ttcatagcca ggaagctgag
1621 cgactaagtc acttgcccac agagtatcag ctctcagatt tctgttcttc agccactgtc
1681 ctttcaggat agaatttgtc gttaagaaat taatttaaaa actgattatt gagtagcatt
1741 gtatatcaat cacaacatgc cttgtgcact gtgctggcct ctgagcataa agatgtacgc
1801 cggagtaccg gtcggacatg tttatgtgtg ttaaatactc agagaaatgt tcattaacaa
1861 ggagcttgca ttttagagac actggaaagt aactccagtt cattgtctag cattacattt
1921 acctcatttg ctatccttgc catacagtct cttgttctcc atgaagtgtc atgaatcttg
1981 ttgaatagtt cttttatttt ttaaatgttt ctatttaaat gatattgaca tctgaggcga
2041 tagctcagtt ggtaaaaccc tttcctcaca agtgtgaaac cctgagtctt atccctagaa
2101 cccacataaa aaacagttgc gtatgtttgt gcatgctttt gatcccagca ctagggaggc
2161 agaggcaggc agatcctgag ctctcattga ccacccagcc tagcctacat ggttagctcc
2221 aggcctacag gagctggcag agcctgaaaa acgatgccta gacacacaca cacacacaca
2281 cacacacaca cacacacaca cacaccatgt actcatagac ctaagtgcac cctcctacac
2341 atgcacacac atacaattca aacacaaatc aacagggaat tgtctcagaa tggtccccaa
2401 gacaaagaag aagaaaaaca ccaaaccagc tctattccct cagcctatcc tctctactcc
2461 ttcctagaag caactactat tgtttttgta tataaattta cccaacgaca gttaatatgt
2521 agaatatata ttaaagtgtc tgtcaatata tattatctct ttctttcttt cttcctttct
2581 ttctttcttt ctttctttct ttctttcttt ctttctttct ttcttccttc cttccttcct
2641 tccttccttc cttccttcct ttctttcttt ctttcttttt ttctgtctat ctgtacctaa
2701 atggttgctc actatgcatt ttctgtgctc ttcgcccttt ttatttaatg tatggatatt
2761 tatgctgctt ccagaatgga tctaaagctc tttgtttcta ggttttctcc cccatccttc
2821 taggcatctc tcacactgtc taggccagac accatgtctg ctgcctgaat ctgtagacac
2881 catttataaa gcacgtactc accgagtttg tatttggctt gttctgtgtc tgattaaagg
2941 gagaccatga gtccccaggg tacactgagt taccccagta ccaaggggga gccttgtttg
3001 tgtctccatg gcagaagcag gcctggagcc attttggttt cttccttgac ttctctcaaa
3061 cacagacgcc tcacttgctc attacaggtt ctcctttggg aatgtcagca ttgctccttg
3121 actgctggct gccctggaag gagcccatta gctctgtgtg agcccttgac agctactgcc
3181 tctccttacc acaggggcct ctaagatact gttacctaga ggtcttgagg atctgtgttc
3241 tctgggggga ggaaaggagg aggaacccag aactttctta cagttttcct tgttctgtca
3301 catgtcaaga ctgaaggaac aggctgggct acgtagtgag atcctgtctc aaaggaaaga
3361 cgagcatagc cgaacccccg gtggaacccc ctctgttacc tgttcacaca agcttattga
3421 tgagtctcat gttaatgtct tgtttgtatg aagtttaaga aaatatcggg ttgggcaaca
3481 cattctattt attcatttta tttgaaatct taatgccatc tcatggtgtt ggattggtgt
3541 ggcactttat tcttttgtgt tgtgtataac cataaatttt attttgcatc agattgtcaa
3601 tgtattgcat taatttaata aatattttta tttattaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaa
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US11666595B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2023-06-06 | Secarna Pharmaceuticals Gmbh & Co. Kg | Antisense oligonucleotides for inhibition of PD-L1 expression and treating cancer |
KR20220005045A (ko) | 2019-05-03 | 2022-01-12 | 세카나 파머씨티컬스 지엠비에이치 엔 씨오. 케이지 | 종양 치료에 사용하기 위한 pd-l1 안티센스 올리고뉴클레오타이드 |
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AU2017339561A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
CN110191952A (zh) | 2019-08-30 |
AU2017339561B2 (en) | 2024-02-01 |
CA3039055A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
WO2018065589A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
US11666595B2 (en) | 2023-06-06 |
US20200009181A1 (en) | 2020-01-09 |
KR20190078581A (ko) | 2019-07-04 |
KR102519171B1 (ko) | 2023-04-07 |
JP7288854B2 (ja) | 2023-06-08 |
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