JP2013237039A - 閉鎖系空間用の水回収装置 - Google Patents
閉鎖系空間用の水回収装置 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- BPYKTIZUTYGOLE-IFADSCNNSA-N Bilirubin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C)=C(C=C)\C1=C\C1=C(C)C(CCC(O)=O)=C(CC2=C(C(C)=C(\C=C/3C(=C(C=C)C(=O)N\3)C)N2)CCC(O)=O)N1 BPYKTIZUTYGOLE-IFADSCNNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910003086 Ti–Pt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012492 regenerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
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- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
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- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/4618—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing for producing "ionised" acidic or basic water
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- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
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- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/425—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using cation exchangers
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- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
- C02F2001/46147—Diamond coating
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/001—Build in apparatus for autonomous on board water supply and wastewater treatment (e.g. for aircrafts, cruiseships, oil drilling platforms, railway trains, space stations)
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- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
Abstract
【解決手段】この排水処理装置は、宇宙ステーション等で使用した排水または人体排出水、空気中の水蒸気を凝縮させた水等の被処理水をそのままカチオン交換樹脂に導入し、カチオン交換処理するカチオン交換装置1と、該カチオン交換装置1からの水中の有機物や尿素その他の窒素化合物を分解するダイアモンド電極電解装置2と、残留有機成分を触媒と接触させて分解する触媒分解装置3と、触媒分解装置3からの水を電気透析処理して酸、アルカリを生成させつつ脱塩水を製造する電気透析装置4と、この脱塩水にミネラルを添加するミネラル添加装置5とを具備するものである。
【選択図】図1
Description
CaX、MgX + R−Na → R=Ca、R=Mg + NaX
ここで
R−:イオン交換樹脂交換基
尿素 → NH4 + +CO3 2−
2NH3 + 3HClO → N2 + 3H2O + 3HCl
YX + H2O → HX(酸) + YOH(アルカリ)
上記尿1LをNa型弱酸性カチオン交換樹脂(ピュオライト製C104E)50mLに通液した。その結果、Na型カチオン樹脂処理水は硬度成分がすべて除去され、一部のNH3,K+が除去されていた。残存濃度はNH3520mg/L、K+1740mg/Lであった。また、このカチオン交換樹脂処理水のTOCは7600mg/Lであった。
上記のカチオン交換樹脂処理水200mLを5cm角のダイヤモンド電極電解装置を用い、循環流量1.7L/minの流速で電解分解した。電解は2.5Aの一定電流で、100時間行った。電圧は10Vから5Vの変動があった。触媒はエヌイーケムキャット社製のTi−Pt触媒を用い、20mmφ×500mmHアクリルカラムに充填したものを循環系に組み入れた。100時間後、電解循環水のTOCは1mg/L以下となっていた。
(株)アストム社製アシライザーS3を改造した電気透析装置を試験に用いた。セルの構成は、陽極、電極室、バイポーラ膜、酸室、アニオン交換膜、脱塩室、カチオン交換膜、アルカリ室、バイポーラ膜、電極室、陰極とした。電極液としては0.5モル/L硫酸ナトリウム溶液を用いた。
2 ダイアモンド電極電解装置
3 触媒分解装置
4 電気透析装置
5 ミネラル添加装置
6,7,8 タンク
Claims (7)
- 閉鎖系空間内で生じた排水をカチオン交換樹脂でカチオン交換処理するカチオン交換装置と、
該カチオン交換装置からの水中の有機成分を分解する有機成分分解装置と、
該有機成分分解装置からの水を電気透析処理する電気透析装置と
を有する閉鎖系空間用の水回収装置。 - 請求項1において、該電気透析装置で生じた酸を前記カチオン交換樹脂の再生に用いる再生手段を備えたことを特徴とする水回収装置。
- 請求項1において、該電気透析装置で生じた酸及びアルカリを前記カチオン交換樹脂の再生に用いる再生手段を備えたことを特徴とする水回収装置。
- 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項において、前記カチオン交換樹脂がNa型の弱酸性カチオン交換樹脂であることを特徴とする水回収装置。
- 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項において、
該有機成分分解装置が導電性ダイアモンドを電極とするダイアモンド電極電解装置であることを特徴とする水回収装置。 - 請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項において、前記有機成分分解装置として、ダイアモンド電極電解装置と、触媒分解装置とを備えたことを特徴とする水回収装置。
- 請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項において、前記電気透析装置からの処理水にミネラル成分を添加するミネラル添加手段を備えたことを特徴とする水回収装置。
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RU2015135392A (ru) | 2017-03-02 |
US20150353401A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
WO2014115383A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
JP5482917B2 (ja) | 2014-05-07 |
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US10179745B2 (en) | 2019-01-15 |
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