JP2013128783A - バットレスおよび外科用ステープル止め装置 - Google Patents

バットレスおよび外科用ステープル止め装置 Download PDF

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JP2013128783A
JP2013128783A JP2013047571A JP2013047571A JP2013128783A JP 2013128783 A JP2013128783 A JP 2013128783A JP 2013047571 A JP2013047571 A JP 2013047571A JP 2013047571 A JP2013047571 A JP 2013047571A JP 2013128783 A JP2013128783 A JP 2013128783A
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buttress
layer
collagen
surgical stapling
porous layer
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Megan Prommersberger
プロマースバーガー メーガン
Brian Nentwick
ネントウィック ブライアン
Philippe Gravagna
グラヴァーニャ フィリップ
Yves Bayon
バイヨン イブ
Dagmar Dassonville
ダソンビュ ダグマー
Alfredo Meneghin
メネギン アルフレッド
Julie Lecuivre
ルキュイーヴル ジュリー
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Covidien LP
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Tyco Healthcare Group LP
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/12Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C39/123Making multilayered articles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07292Reinforcements for staple line, e.g. pledgets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/22Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00526Methods of manufacturing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/0084Material properties low friction
    • A61B2017/00849Material properties low friction with respect to tissue, e.g. hollow organs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00889Material properties antimicrobial, disinfectant
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00893Material properties pharmaceutically effective
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07257Stapler heads characterised by its anvil
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/20Inserts
    • B29K2105/206Meshes, lattices or nets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/753Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
    • B29L2031/7546Surgical equipment

Abstract

【課題】外科的な創傷部位における密閉を増強する、外科用ステープル止めデバイスと共に使用するための材料を提供すること。
【解決手段】有孔層と非有孔層とを備える多層構造は、外科用ステープル止め装置に実装されたとき、バットレスとして有用である。多層バットレスは、外科用ステープル止め装置と組み合わせて使用するために適しており、そして、組織の密閉を補助して、流体および気体の漏れを防止する。外科用ステープル止め装置は、少なくとも1つの開口部を備える表面を有するステープルカートリッジを備え、この開口部を通して、ステープルが駆出され得る。外科用ステープル止め装置はさらに、アンビルを備え、このアンビルは、表面を有し、この表面に対して駆出されたステープルが変形され得る。本開示に従うバットレスは、ステープルカートリッジ、アンビル、またはその両方のいずれかに実装され得る。
【選択図】図1

Description

(技術分野)
本開示は、外科用ステープル止め装置に着脱可能に取り付けられ得る外科用バットレスに関する。このバットレスは、有孔層および非有孔層を含む。
(関連技術の背景)
外科用ステープル止めデバイスは、身体組織が結合または除去されなければならない外科用手術において、広範な用途を見出している。肺、食道、腸、十二指腸、および脈管組織のような特定の組織において手術を行う場合、気体または流体が特に漏れやすくあり得る組織を有効にシールすることが重要である。気体または流体の漏れを防止または減少することで、術後の回復時間を有意に減少させ得る。したがって、外科的な創傷部位における密閉を増強する、外科用ステープル止めデバイスと共に使用するための材料を提供することは有益である。
(要旨)
有孔層および非有孔層を有するバットレスが本明細書において記載される。多層バットレスは、外科用ステープル止め装置と組み合わせて使用するために適しており、そして、組織の密閉を補助して、流体および気体の漏れを防止する。外科用ステープル止め装置は、少なくとも1つの開口部を備える表面を有するステープルカートリッジを備え、この開口部を通して、ステープルが駆出され得る。外科用ステープル止め装置はさらに、アンビルを備え、このアンビルは、表面を有し、この表面に対して駆出されたステープルが変形され得る。本開示に従うバットレスは、ステープルカートリッジ、アンビル、またはその両方のいずれかに実装され得る。
ある実施形態において、有孔層は止血特性を有する。ある実施形態において、非有孔層は抗癒着特性を有する。
上記に加えて、本発明は以下を提供する:
(項目1) 外科用ステープル止め装置であって、該装置は、以下:
少なくとも1つのステープルを含むステープルカートリッジ;
ステープル形成表面を有するアンビル;ならびに
該アンビルまたは該カートリッジに隣接して位置決めされるバットレスであって、非有孔層、有孔層および補強部材を含む、バットレス
を備える、装置。
(項目2) 項目1に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置であって、上記非有孔層が、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、フィブリン、フィブノーゲン、エラスチン、ケラチン、アルブミン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、セルロース、酸化セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルボキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、キチン、キトサン、アルギン酸、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(ヒドロキシ酪酸)、ポリ(ホスファジン)、ポリエステル、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリアルキレンオキシド、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリヒドロキシエチルメチルアクリレート、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ(カプロラクトン)、ポリ(ジオキサノン)、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアセテート、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリプロピレン、脂肪族ポリエステル、グリセロール、ポリ(アミノ酸)、coポリ(エーテル−エステル)、シュウ酸ポリアルキレン、ポリアミド、ポリ(イミノカーボネート)、シュウ酸ポリアルキレン、ポリオキサエステル、ポリオルトエステル、ポリホスファゼンおよびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの材料を含む、装置。
(項目3) 項目1に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置であって、上記有孔層が、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(ヒドロキシ酪酸)、ポリ(カプロラクトン)、ポリ(ジオキサノン)、ポリアルキレンオキシド、coポリ(エーテル−エステル)、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、トロンビン、フィブリン、フィブノーゲン、フィブロネクチン、エラスチン、アルブミン、ヘモグロビン、オボアルブミン、多糖類、ヒアルロン酸、コンドロイチン硫酸、ヒドロキシエチルデンプン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、セルロース、酸化セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルボキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、キチン、キトサン、アガロース、マルトース、マルトデキストリン、アルギン酸、凝固因子、メタクリレート、ポリウレタン、シアノアクリレート、血小板アゴニスト、血管収縮薬、ミョウバン、カルシウム、RGDペプチド、タンパク質、硫酸プロタミン、εアミノカプロン酸、硫酸第二鉄、次硫酸第二鉄、塩化第二鉄、亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、塩化アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、過マンガン酸塩、タンニン、骨ろう、ポリエチレングリコール、フカン類およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの材料を含む、装置。
(項目4) 上記補強部材がメッシュである、項目1に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目5) 上記補強部材が縫合糸である、項目1に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。(項目6) 項目1に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置であって、少なくとも1つの共通する方向に配向された複数の補強部材を含む、装置。
(項目7) 上記補強部材が、上記非有孔層と上記有孔層との間にある、項目1に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目8) 上記補強部材が、上記非有孔層内に埋め込まれる、項目1に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目9) 第一の補強部材が上記非有孔層内に埋め込まれ、そして、第二の補強層が上記有孔層内に埋め込まれる、項目1に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目10) 上記第一の補強部材が、上記非有孔層内で第一の方向に配向された複数の補強部材を含み、そして、上記第二の補強層が、上記有孔層内で第二の方向に配向された複数の補強部材を含む、項目9に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目11) 外科用ステープル止め装置であって、該装置は、以下:
少なくとも1つのステープルを含むステープルカートリッジ;
ステープルを形成する表面を有するアンビル;ならびに
該アンビルまたは該カートリッジに隣接して位置決めされるバットレスであって、有孔層および抗癒着特性を有する層を含む、バットレス
を備える、装置。
(項目12) 上記有孔層が発泡体を含む、項目11に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目13) 上記有孔層が繊維状の構造を含む、項目11に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目14) 上記有孔層が止血特性を有する、項目11に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目15) 上記抗癒着特性を有する層がコラーゲン膜を含む、項目11に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目16) 項目11に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置であって、上記有孔層が、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(ヒドロキシ酪酸)、ポリ(カプロラクトン)、ポリ(ジオキサノン)、ポリアルキレンオキシド、coポリ(エーテル−エステル)、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、トロンビン、フィブリン、フィブノーゲン、フィブロネクチン、エラスチン、アルブミン、ヘモグロビン、オボアルブミン、多糖類、ヒアルロン酸、コンドロイチン硫酸、ヒドロキシエチルデンプン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルボキシエチルセルロース、キチン、キトサン、アガロース、マルトース、マルトデキストリン、アルギン酸、凝固因子、メタクリレート、ポリウレタン、シアノアクリレート、血小板アゴニスト、血管収縮薬、ミョウバン、カルシウム、RGDペプチド、タンパク質、硫酸プロタミン、εアミノカプロン酸、硫酸第二鉄、次硫酸第二鉄、塩化第二鉄、亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、塩化アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、過マンガン酸塩、タンニン、骨ろう、ポリエチレングリコールおよびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの材料を含む、装置。
(項目17) 上記バットレスが、さらに、補強部材を含む、項目11に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目18) 上記補強部材がメッシュを含む、項目17に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目19) 上記補強部材が縫合糸を含む、項目17に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目20) 上記バットレスが、さらに、生物活性因子を含む、項目11に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目21) 外科用ステープル止め装置であって、該装置は、以下:
少なくとも1つのステープルを含むステープルカートリッジ;
ステープルを形成する表面を有するアンビル;ならびに
該アンビルまたは該カートリッジに隣接して位置決めされるバットレスであって、非有孔層およびコラーゲン発泡体層を含む、バットレス
を備える、装置。
(項目22) 項目21に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置であって、上記非有孔層は、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、フィブリン、フィブノーゲン、エラスチン、ケラチン、アルブミン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルボキシエチルセルロース、キチン、キトサン、アルギン酸、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(ヒドロキシ酪酸)、ポリ(ホスファジン)、ポリエステル、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリヒドロキシエチルメチルアクリレート、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ(カプロラクトン)、ポリ(ジオキサノン)、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアセテート、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリプロピレン、脂肪族ポリエステル、グリセロール、ポリ(アミノ酸)、coポリ(エーテル−エステル)、シュウ酸ポリアルキレン、ポリアミド、ポリ(イミノカーボネート)、シュウ酸ポリアルキレン、ポリオキサエステル、ポリオルトエステル、ポリホスファゼンおよびこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの材料を含む、装置。
(項目23) 上記バットレスが、さらに、補強部材を含む、項目15に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目24) 上記補強部材がメッシュである、項目23に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目25) 上記補強部材が縫合糸である、項目23に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目26) 上記バットレスが、さらに、生物活性因子を含む、項目23に記載の外科用ステープル止め装置。
(項目27) 外科用ステープル止め装置であって、該装置は、以下:
少なくとも1つのステープルを含むステープルカートリッジ;
ステープルを形成する表面を有するアンビル;ならびに
該アンビルまたは該カートリッジに隣接して位置決めされるバットレスであって、コラーゲン膜、コラーゲン発泡体および補強メッシュを含む、バットレス
を備える、装置。
(項目28) 外科用ステープル止め装置であって、該装置は以下:
少なくとも1つのステープルを含むステープルカートリッジ;
ステープルを形成する表面を有するアンビル;ならびに
該アンビルまたは該カートリッジに隣接して位置決めされるバットレスであって、非有孔層、有孔層および補強部材を含む、バットレス
を備え、該補強部材は、チョップドファイバーを含む、装置。
(項目29) 外科用ステープル止め装置であって、該装置は以下:
少なくとも1つのステープルを含むステープルカートリッジ;
ステープルを形成する表面を有するアンビル;ならびに
該アンビルまたは該カートリッジに隣接して位置決めされるバットレスであって、非有孔層、有孔層、該非有孔層に実装された第一の補強部材、および該有孔層に実装された第二の補強層を含む、バットレス
を備え、該第一の補強部材は、第一の方向に配向された複数の補強部材を含み、そして、該第二の補強層は、第二の方向に配向された複数の補強部材を含む、装置。
(項目30) 外科用ステープル止め装置であって、該装置は以下:
少なくとも1つのステープルを含むステープルカートリッジ;
ステープルを形成する表面を有するアンビル;ならびに
該アンビルまたは該カートリッジに隣接して位置決めされるバットレスであって、繊維で補強された発泡体複合材料を含む、バットレス
を備える、装置。
(摘要)
有孔層と非有孔層とを備える多層構造は、外科用ステープル止め装置に実装されたとき、バットレスとして有用である。
図1は、直線状の外科用ステープル止め装置の1つの代表的な実施形態の斜視図である。 図2Aは、本開示にしたがう多層バットレスを備えるステープルカートリッジの斜視図である。 図2Bは、本開示にしたがう多層バットレスを備えるステープルアンビルの斜視図である。 図3Aは、本明細書中の1つの実施形態に記載されるような多層バットレスの側面図である。 図3Bは、本明細書中の1つの実施形態に記載されるような多層バットレスの側面図である。 図3Cは、1以上の層に存在する繊維が補強部材として使用される代表的な実施形態を示し、一方の層中の繊維は、第一の共通する方向に配向され、そして、もう一方の層中の繊維は、第二の共通する方向に配向され、この第二の共通する方向は、第一の共通する方向に対して実質的に垂直である。 図3Dは、チョップドファイバーが補強部材として使用される代表的な実施形態を示す。 図4は、ステープルカートリッジに着脱可能に取り付けられた多層バットレスを備えるステープルカートリッジの斜視図である。 図5Aは、本開示の実施形態にしたがう、孔または開口部が層の厚み全体にわたって広がる有孔層を模式的に示す。 図5Bは、本開示の実施形態にしたがう、孔または開口部が層の厚み全体にわたって広がっていない有孔層を模式的に示す。 図5Cは、本開示の実施形態にしたがう、孔または開口部が層の表面の一部にのみ存在する有孔層を模式的に示す。
(好ましい実施形態の詳細な説明)
本明細書において開示される多層バットレスおよび外科用ステープル止め装置の実施形態が、ここで、添付の図面(図面において、同様の参照番号は、類似するか、または同一である要素を識別する)を参照して詳細に記載される。
本明細書に記載される多層外科用バットレスは、非有孔層および有孔層を有する少なくとも1つの多層外科用バットレスを含むステープル止め装置のステープルカートリッジとステープルアンビルとの間に創傷組織の縁部を近付け、そして、ステープル止め装置を始動して少なくとも1つのステープルに力を加え、そして、ステープルカートリッジの開口部と、少なくとも1つの多層バットレスと、組織と、ステープルアンビル上の開口部とを通して通過させ、組織を密閉することによって、創傷を密閉する際に使用され得る。いったん適所でステープル止めされると、有孔層は、有益に出血を減少させ、創傷を密閉することを補助し、そして、所望される場合、組織の内方増殖を可能にすることを補助し、一方で、非有孔層は、有孔層に対する支えを提供し、そして、癒着の形成を防止するのを補助し得る。さらに、多層バットレスは、必要に応じて、追加の補強部材(以下により詳細に記載されるように、吸収性であっても非吸収性であってもよい)を備え得、多層バットレスに対するさらなる支えを提供し、そして、ステープル止めの間の裂けの防止を補助する。
バットレスは、ステープルカートリッジおよびアンビルの両方に実装される必要はないことが理解されるべきである。むしろ、バットレスは、ステープルカートリッジのみに実装され、アンビルには実装されないか、または、アンビルには実装され、ステープルカートリッジには実装されないこともある。さらに、本明細書中に記載される多層外科用バットレスは、あらゆる外科用のステープル止め装置、ファスナー止め装置、または、焼成装置にフィットするのに適した、あらゆる形状、大きさまたは寸法に構成され得る。本明細書中に記載される多層バットレス材料を利用し得るステープル止め装置の他の例としては、腹腔鏡ステープラー(例えば、米国特許第6,330,965号および同第6,241,139号(これらの全内容は本明細書中に参考として援用される)を参照のこと)、患者の腸間膜をステープル止めするための横吻合型の代替的なステープル止め装置(例えば、米国特許第5,964,394号(この全内容は本明細書中に参考として援用される))、および、円形のカートリッジとアンビルを用いて、腸間膜に外科吻合ステープル止めを行うための、端から端までを吻合するタイプ(例えば、米国特許第5,915,616号(この全内容は本明細書中に参考として援用される)を参照のこと)が挙げられる。本開示のバットレスはまた、2つの部分から構成されるファスナーを適用する機器と組み合わせて使用され得、この2つの部分から構成されるファスナーの第一の部分は、カートリッジまたは同様の部材内に格納され、そして、始動され、アンビルまたは同様の部材内に配置される2つの部分から構成されるファスナーの第二の部分へと適切に結合され得る。本開示を読んだ当業者は、このような装置と組み合わせて使用するために本開示のバットレスをいかにして適合させるかを容易に想定し、そしてまた、本明細書中に記載されるバットレスと共に使用され得る他の外科用装置も想定する。
ここで、図3Aおよび3Bを参照すると、バットレス350は、非有孔層360および有孔層370を有するように示される。バットレス350は、複数の層を含み得、この複数の層において、非有孔層および有孔層のあらゆる組み合わせが構成され得ることが想定される。例えば、多層バットレスは、複数の非有孔層と有孔層が交互になる様式で積み重ねられて形成され得る。別の例においては、多層バットレスは、「サンドイッチ様」の様式で形成され得、この様式において、多層バットレスの外側の層は有孔層を備え、そして、内側の層は非有孔層である。さらに、非有孔層および有孔層は、ステープルカートリッジおよびステープルアンビルの表面に関して、あらゆる順序で位置決めされ得ることが想定される。
バットレスの非有孔層は、あらゆる生体適合性材料から作製され得る。したがって、本明細書中に記載される多層バットレスの非有孔層は、天然材料または合成材料から形成され得る。非有孔層が形成される材料は、生体吸収性であっても非生体吸収性であってもよい。当然ながら、天然材料、合成材料、生体吸収性材料および非生体吸収性材料のあらゆる組み合わせが、非有孔層を形成するために使用され得ることが理解されるべきである。非有孔層が作製され得る材料のいくつかの非限定的な例としては、以下が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない:ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(ヒドロキシ酪酸)、ポリ(ホスファジン)、ポリエステル、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリヒドロキシエチルメチルアクリレート、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアセテート、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリプロピレン、脂肪族ポリエステル、グリセロール、ポリ(アミノ酸)、coポリ(エーテル−エステル)、シュウ酸ポリアルキレン、ポリアミド、ポリ(イミノカーボネート)、シュウ酸ポリアルキレン、ポリオキサエステル、ポリオルトエステル、ポリホスファゼン、ならびに、これらのコポリマー、ブロックコポリマー、ホモポリマー、ブレンドおよび組み合わせ。
ある実施形態においては、天然の生体ポリマーが、バットレスの非有孔層の形成に使用される。適切な天然の生体ポリマーとしては、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、フィブリン、フィブノーゲン、エラスチン、ケラチン、アルブミン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、セルロース、酸化セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルボキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、キチン(chitan)、キトサン、およびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。さらに、天然の生体ポリマーは、バットレスの支持層を生成するために、本明細書中に記載される他のポリマー材料のいずれかと組合され得る。
ある実施形態においては、ヒトおよび/または動物起源のコラーゲン(例えば、I型ブタもしくはウシコラーゲン、I型ヒトコラーゲンまたはIII型ヒトコラーゲン)が、非有孔層を形成するために使用され得る。
天然のコラーゲンは、特にペプシン消化によってテロペプチドを除去するために、酸性溶液中で、または処理後に有利に使用され得る。コラーゲン(例えば、アテロコラーゲン)もまた、過ヨウ素酸またはその塩のうちの一つを用いることによる酸化的開裂によって改変され得る。コラーゲンの酸化的開裂は、コラーゲン性材料を、バットレスの止血層に含まれる他のポリマー材料、高分子添加物または止血剤との将来的な穏やかな架橋を可能にする。
ある実施形態においては、本開示に従う非有孔層は、酸化されたコラーゲン、または非酸化コラーゲンおよび酸化コラーゲンのあらゆる割合の混合物から作製される。
ある実施形態においては、組成物を提供するために少なくとも1つの高分子添加物がコラーゲンと組み合わされ得、この組成物から非有孔層が形成される。適切な高分子添加物のいくつかの例としては、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、多糖類、デキストラン、マルトデキストリン、ムコ多糖類、セルロース、アルギン酸、およびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。使用時、高分子添加物は、少なくとも3,000ダルトンの分子量を有し得、そして、非有孔層が形成される組成物中に存在するコラーゲン性材料の約2〜10倍未満の濃度で存在し得る。
非有孔層は、製造、輸送、取り扱いおよびステープル止めのプロセスの間に、裂けおよび穿孔に耐えるバットレスの能力を高め得る。また、非有孔層はまた、周囲組織からの組織の内方増殖を遅延または防止し得、それによって、癒着バリアとして機能し、そして、望ましくない瘢痕組織の形成を防止する。したがって、ある実施形態においては、非有孔層は抗癒着特性を有する。
バットレスは、ステープル止めのプロセスの前およびその間に、カートリッジおよび/またはアンビルと接触した状態でバットレスを保持し得るあらゆる様式で、カートリッジおよび/またはアンビルに着脱可能に取り付けられ得、一方で、外科用ステープルまたは他のファスナー止めドバイスによりバットレスが穿通された後、バットレスをカートリッジおよび/またはアンビルから除去または解放させることが想定される。例えば、バットレスは、接着剤、シーラント、にかわ、ピン、鋲、クランプ、チャネル、ストラップ、突出部およびこれらの組み合わせを用いることによって、カートリッジおよび/またはアンビルに取り付けられ得る。
非有孔層は、鋳造、成形などのような当業者の知識の範囲内の技術を用いて形成され得る。
バットレスの有孔層は、その表面の少なくとも一部分にわたり開口部または孔を有する。以下により詳細に記載されるように、有孔層を形成するための適切な材料としては、繊維性の構造(例えば、編構造、織構造、不織構造など)および/または発泡体(例えば、連続気泡発泡体または独立気泡発泡体)が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。ある実施形態においては、孔は、有孔層の厚み全体にわたって相互に連絡するように、十分な数および大きさであり得る。織布、編布および連続気泡発泡体は、有孔層の厚み全体にわたって相互に連絡するように孔が十分な数および大きさであり得る構造の代表例である。ある実施形態においては、孔は、有孔層の厚み全体にわたって相互に連絡していない。独立気泡発泡体または溶融不織材料は、孔が有孔層の厚み全体にわたって相互連絡しなくてもよい構造の代表例である。図5Aは、孔が有孔層の厚み全体にわたって広がる発泡体有孔層を模式的に示す。なお他の実施形態において、孔は、有孔層の厚み全体にわたって広がらず、むしろ、その表面の一部分に存在する。図5Bは、孔がその厚み全体にわたって広がらない有孔層を模式的に示す。ある実施形態において、開口部または孔は、有孔層の表面の一部分に位置を定められ、有孔層の他の部分は、非有孔の組織を有する。図5Cは、孔が有孔層の表面全体を覆わず、むしろ、その中心部分に存在する有孔層を模式的に示す。本開示に関する当業者は、有孔層についての他の孔の分布パターンと構成を想定する。
有孔層が繊維性である場合、繊維は、フィラメントであっても、編みもしくは織りに適切な糸であってもよく、または、不織材料を調製するために頻繁に用いられるもののようなステープル繊維であってもよい。繊維は、あらゆる生体適合性材料から作製され得る。したがって、繊維は、天然材料または合成材料から形成され得る。繊維が形成される材料は、生体吸収性であっても非生体吸収性であってもよい。当然、天然材料、合成材料、生体吸収性材料および非生体吸収性材料のあらゆる組み合わせが、繊維を形成するために使用され得ることが理解されるべきである。繊維が作製され得る材料のいくつかの非限定的な例としては、以下が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない:ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(ヒドロキシ酪酸)、ポリ(ホスファジン)、ポリエステル、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリヒドロキシエチルメチルアクリレート、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアセテート、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリプロピレン、脂肪族ポリエステル、グリセロール、ポリ(アミノ酸)、coポリ(エーテル−エステル)、シュウ酸ポリアルキレン、ポリアミド、ポリ(イミノカーボネート)、シュウ酸ポリアルキレン、ポリオキサエステル、ポリオルトエステル、ポリホスファゼン、ならびに、これらのコポリマー、ブロックコポリマー、ホモポリマー、ブレンドおよび組み合わせ。
有孔層が繊維性である場合、有効層は、繊維性構造を形成するのに適したあらゆる方法(編み、織り、不織技術などが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない)を用いて形成され得る。繊維性構造を作製するための適切な技術は、当業者の知識の範囲内である。
有孔層が発泡体である場合、有効層は、発泡体またはスポンジを形成するのに適したあらゆる方法(組成物の凍結乾燥またはフリーズドライが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない)を用いて形成され得る。発泡体を作製するための適切な技術は、当業者の知識の範囲内である。
ある実施形態においては、有孔層は、止血特性を有する。出血(bleeding or hemorrhage)を止めることを補助する能力を有する有孔層を提供する際に使用され得る材料の代表例としては、以下が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない:ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(ヒドロキシ酪酸)、ポリ(カプロラクトン)、ポリ(ジオキサノン)、ポリアルキレンオキシド、coポリ(エーテル−エステル)、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、トロンビン、フィブリン、フィブノーゲン、フィブロネクチン、エラスチン、アルブミン、ヘモグロビン、オボアルブミン、多糖類、ヒアルロン酸、コンドロイチン硫酸、ヒドロキシエチルデンプン、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、セルロース、酸化セルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、カルボキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、キチン、キトサン、アガロース、マルトース、マルトデキストリン、アルギン酸、凝固因子、メタクリレート、ポリウレタン、シアノアクリレート、血小板アゴニスト、血管収縮薬、ミョウバン、カルシウム、RGDペプチド、タンパク質、硫酸プロタミン、εアミノカプロン酸、硫酸第二鉄、次硫酸第二鉄、塩化第二鉄、亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、塩化アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、過マンガン酸塩、タンニン、骨ろう、ポリエチレングリコール、フカン類(fucans)およびこれらの組み合わせ。
一般に、天然の生体ポリマー、特にタンパク質の使用は、止血特性を有する有孔層を形成するのに特に有用である。適切な天然の生体ポリマーとしては、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、フィブリン、フィブリノーゲン、エラスチン、ケラチン、アルブミンおよびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。このような実施形態において、天然の生体ポリマーは、バットレスの有孔層を生成するために、あらゆる他の止血剤と組み合わされ得る。有孔層を形成するために使用され得るコラーゲンの起源および型は、非有孔層について上で示したものと同じである。しかし、酸化コラーゲンまたは非酸化コラーゲンは、有孔の圧縮体を形成するために、凍結乾燥されても、フリーズドライされても、ある容量の空気の存在下で乳化されて発泡体を生成し、次いで、フリーズドライされてもよい。
ある実施形態においては、有孔層は、主に、水酸化されていないα鎖から構成され、100kDaに近い分子量の、変性コラーゲン、または加熱もしくはあらゆる他の方法によって少なくとも部分的にその螺旋構造を失っているコラーゲンから作製され得る。用語「変性コラーゲン」とは、その螺旋構造を失っているコラーゲンを意味する。本明細書中に記載される有孔層に使用されるコラーゲンは、特に、これより前に記載したように、ペプシン消化によって、および/または、穏やかな加熱の後に得られるような、天然のコラーゲンまたはアテロコラーゲンであり得る。コラーゲンは、酸化、メチル化、スクシニル化、エチル化またはあらゆる他の公知のプロセスによって予め化学的に改変され得る。
ある実施形態においては、有孔層は、約2g/l〜約50g/lの濃度で、開始温度が約4℃〜約25℃のコラーゲンの酸性水溶液または懸濁液を、フリーズドライすることによって得られ得る。溶液中のコラーゲン濃度は、約1g/l〜約30g/lであり得、そして、ある実施形態においては、約10g/lである。この溶液は、有利に約6〜約8のpHまで中和される。
ある実施形態においては、有孔層は、厚さ少なくとも0.1cmであり得る。ある実施形態においては、有孔層の厚さは、厚さ約0.2cm〜約1.5cmであり得る。有孔層は、多くて約75mgコラーゲン/cmの密度を有し得、そして、ある実施形態においては、約7mgコラーゲン/cmを下回る密度を有し得る。有孔層における孔の大きさは、約20μm〜約200μmであり得、ある実施形態においては、約100μm〜約200μmであり得る。
有孔層が作製され得るか、または、有孔層中に含められ得る止血剤は、発泡体、繊維、フィラメント、メッシュ、織ウェブおよび不織ウェブ、圧縮体、パッド、粉末、フレーク、粒子およびこれらの組み合わせの形状であり得る。ある実施形態において、止血特性を有する有孔層は、水和されたときに、バットレスが適用される組織の特性に類似する特性を多層バットレスに提供する。
本明細書中に記載される多層バットレス材料は、非有孔層を有孔層に接続し得る当業者に公知のあらゆる方法を用いて形成され得る。非有孔層および有孔層は、化学的な結合、外科用接着剤、外科用シーラントおよび外科用にかわを用いて互いに接着され得ることが想定される。さらに、層は、ピン、ロッド、ねじ、クリップなどのような機械的手段を用いて一緒に結合され得る。なおさらに、層は、自然に、または、化学物質もしくは光重合開始(photoinitiation)によって、相互作用および架橋し得るか、または、層の間に共有結合を提供し得る。
ある実施形態においては、本明細書中に記載される多層バットレスは、材料の個々の層を一緒に付着させて、多層バットレスを形成することによって調製される。有孔層は、非有孔層と別個に、かつ、非有孔層から間隔を空けて形成され得る。あるいは、有孔層および非有孔層は、一緒に形成され得る。
いくつかの実施形態において、有孔層は、2つの層を架橋させて、化学結合を形成し、組織を密閉し得る多層バットレス材料を生成する様式で、非有孔層に取り付けられ得る。1つのこのような例としては、非有孔層が作製される予定の材料の溶液を型に注ぎ、そして、ゲル化プロセスの間に、この注いだ溶液に有孔層を適用することが挙げられる。米国特許第6,596,304号(この特許の全内容は、本明細書中に参考として援用される)に記載されるように、有孔層は、コラーゲンから作製された有孔の圧縮体を含み得る。非有孔層は、コラーゲン、ポリエチレンおよびグリセロールを含む生体高分子膜から作製され得る。有孔層は、非有孔膜に追加され得、そして、架橋して、ステープルまたは縫合糸のラインを補強するために適した多層材料を形成することを可能にされ得る。
図3Aおよび3Bにさらに示されるように、バットレス350はまた、補強部材380を備え得る。図3Aにおいて、補強部材380は、バットレス350の非有孔層360と有孔層370との間に位置決めされるように示され、そして、図3Bにおいては、補強部材380は、個々の層内に単独で位置決めされ、そしてこの場合には、バットレス材料350の非有孔層360を支えるように示される。補強部材380はまた、有孔層内に位置決めされ得ることも想定される。補強部材はまた、多層バットレスを構成する層のうちの1つの表面に位置決めされ得、そして、ある実施形態においては、多層バットレスの外側表面に位置決めされ得る。
補強部材のいくつかの適切な非限定的な例としては、メッシュ、モノフィラメント、マルチフィラメントの組紐、チョップドファイバー(当該分野では、時折、ステープル繊維と呼ばれる)およびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
補強部材がメッシュである場合、補強部材は、編み、織り、タッチング、ニップリング(knipling)などのような、当業者に公知のあらゆる技術を用いて調製され得る。
モノフィラメントまたはマルチフィラメントの組紐が補強部材として使用される場合、モノフィラメントまたはマルチフィラメントの組紐は、任意の所望される様式で配向され得る。例えば、モノフィラメントまたはマルチフィラメントの組紐は、バットレス構造内で互いに関して不規則に位置決めされ得る。別の例として、モノフィラメントまたはマルチフィラメントの組紐は、バットレス内で共通する方向に配向され得る。ある実施形態においては、モノフィラメントまたはマルチフィラメントの組紐は、有孔層および非有孔層の両方に結合される。図3Cに示されるこの型の代表的な実施形態において、バットレス350は、非有孔層360内で第一の方向に配向された複数の補強部材を有する第一の補強部材381と、有孔層370内で第二の方向に配向された複数の補強部材を有する第二の補強層382とを備える。ある実施形態においては、第一の方向および第二の方向は、図3Cに見られるように、互いに関して実質的に垂直であり得る。
チョップドファイバーが補強部材として使用される場合、チョップドファイバーは、任意の所望される様式で配向され得る。例えば、チョップドファイバーは、不規則に配向されても、共通する方向に配向されてもよい。したがって、チョップドファイバーは、マットまたはフェルトのような不織材料を形成し得る。チョップドファイバーは、(例えば、熱溶融によって)一緒に結合されても、互いに付着されていなくてもよい。チョップドファイバーは、任意の適切な長さであり得る。例えば、チョップドファイバーは、0.1mm〜100mmの長さであり得、ある実施形態においては、0.4mm〜50mmの長さであり得る。図3Dは、バットレス350が、非有孔層360内に組み込まれたチョップドファイバー380を有する代表的な実施形態を示し、この非有孔層360が有孔層370に適用され得る。
補強部材は、本明細書中で前述したあらゆる生体吸収性材料、非生体吸収性材料、天然材料、および合成材料(これらの誘導体、塩および組み合わせを含む)から形成され得ることが想定される。特に有用な実施形態において、補強部材は、長期にわたり柔軟な組織の支えを提供するために、非生体吸収性材料から作製され得る。ある実施形態においては、補強部材は、ポリプロピレンまたはポリ乳酸から作製された外科用メッシュである。さらに、ポリエチレン材料もまた、剛性を加えるために、本明細書中に記載されるバットレス中に組み込まれ得る。モノフィラメントおよびマルチフィラメントの組紐が補強部材として使用される場合、あらゆる市販の縫合糸材料が有利に補強部材として用いられ得る。
ここで、図4を参照すると、多層バットレス350が少なくとも1つのホール390を備える1つの実施形態が示される。このホール390は、ステープルカートリッジ104および/またはステープルアンビル204の上に位置を定められた少なくとも1つのピン400の上に摩擦嵌めするような形状にされ、設計される。ホール390およびピン400は、多層バットレス350をステープルカートリッジ104および/またはステープルアンビル204に着脱可能に取り付けるために設計され、そして、ホール390およびピン400は、あらゆる大きさ、形状または寸法であり得る。
いくつかの実施形態においては、少なくとも1種の生物活性因子が、バットレス材料、および/または、バットレス材料を構築するために使用された個々の構成要素(有孔層、非有孔層および/または補強部材)と組み合され得る。これらの実施形態において、バットレス材料はまた、生物活性因子を送達するためのビヒクルとしても機能し得る。用語「生物活性因子」とは、本明細書において使用される場合、その最も広い意味において使用され、そして、臨床上の用途を有するあらゆる物質または物質の混合物を包含する。したがって、生物活性因子は、それ自体が薬理学的活性を有しても有していなくてもよい(例えば、色素または香料)。あるいは、生物活性因子は、治療上または予防上の効果を提供するあらゆる因子、組織増殖、細胞増殖、細胞分化に影響するかまたはこれらに関与する化合物、抗癒着化合物、免疫応答性のような生物学的な活動を惹起し得る化合物、または、1以上の生物学的プロセスにおいてあらゆる他の役割を果たし得る化合物であり得る。生物活性因子は、あらゆる適切な物質の形状(例えば、膜、粉末、液体、ゲルなど)で医療用デバイスに適用され得る。
本開示にしたがって利用され得る生物活性因子の分類の例としては、抗癒着物質、抗菌物質、解熱薬、鎮痛薬、麻酔薬、抗てんかん薬、抗ヒスタミン薬、抗炎症薬、心血管系の薬物、診断剤、交感神経作用薬、コリン作用薬、抗ムスカリン作用薬、鎮痙薬、ホルモン剤、増殖因子、筋弛緩薬、アドレナリン作動性ニューロン遮断薬、抗腫瘍薬、免疫原性因子、免疫抑制薬、消化管系の薬物、利尿薬、ステロイド、脂質、リポ多糖類、多糖類および酵素が挙げられる。また、生物活性因子の組み合わせが使用され得ることも意図される。
抗癒着因子は、移植可能な医療用デバイスと、標的組織の反対側の周囲組織との間に癒着が形成することを防止するために使用され得る。さらに、抗癒着因子は、コーティングされた移植可能な医療用デバイスと包装材料との間に癒着が形成することを防止するためにも使用され得る。これらの因子のいくつかの例としては、ポリ(ビニルピロリドン)、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒアルロン酸、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリビニルアルコールおよびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。
本開示の生物活性コーティング中に生物活性因子として含められ得る適切な抗菌剤としては、トリクロサン(2,4,4’−トリクロロ−2−ヒドロキシジフェニルエーテルとしても公知)、クロルヘキシジンおよびその塩(酢酸クロルヘキシジン、グルコン酸クロルヘキシジン、塩酸クロルヘキシジンおよび硫酸クロルヘキシジンを含む)、銀およびその塩(酢酸銀、安息香酸銀、炭酸銀、クエン酸銀、ヨウ素酸銀、ヨウ化銀、乳酸銀、ラウリル酸銀、硝酸銀、酸化銀、パルミチン酸銀、銀タンパク質および銀スルファジアジンを含む)、ポリミキシン、テトラサイクリン、アミノグリコシド(例えば、トブラマイシンおよびゲンタマイシン、リファンピシン、バシトラシン、ネオマイシン、クロラムフェニコール、ミコナゾール)、キノロン(例えば、オキソリン酸、ノルフロキサシン、ナリジクス酸、ペフロキサシン(pefloxacin)、エノキサシンおよびシプロフロキサシン)、ペニシリン(例えば、オキサシリンおよびピプラシル(pipracil))、ノノキシノール9(nonoxynol 9)、フシジン酸、セファロスポリン、およびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。さらに、ウシラクトフェリンおよびラクトフェリシンBのような抗菌性のタンパク質およびペプチド、ならびに、フカン類のような抗菌性多糖類および誘導体が、本開示の生物活性コーティング中の生物活性因子として含められ得る。
本開示にしたがって適用されるコーティング組成物中の生物活性因子として含められ得る他の生物活性因子としては、以下が挙げられる:局所麻酔薬;非ステロイド性避妊剤;副交感神経作用剤;精神療法剤(psychotherapeutic agent);精神安定薬;うっ血除去薬;沈静催眠薬;ステロイド;スルホンアミド;交感神経作用剤;ワクチン;ビタミン;抗マラリア薬;抗片頭痛剤(anti−migraine agent);抗パーキンソン剤(例えば、L−ドパ);鎮痙薬;抗コリン作用剤(例えば、オキソブチニン);鎮咳薬;気管支拡張薬;心血管系の薬剤(例えば、冠動脈拡張薬およびニトログリセリン);アルカロイド;鎮痛薬;麻酔薬(例えば、コデイン、ジヒドロコデイン、メペリジン、モルヒネなど);非麻酔薬(例えば、サリチル酸、アスピリン、アセトアミノフェン、d−プロポキシフェンなど);オピオイド受容体アンタゴニスト(例えば、ナルトレキソンおよびナロキソン);抗癌剤;鎮痙薬;制吐薬;抗ヒスタミン薬;抗炎症剤(例えば、ホルモン剤、ヒドロコルチゾン、プレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、非ホルモン剤、アロプリノール、インドメタシン、フェニルブタゾンなど);プロスタグランジンおよび細胞傷害性薬物;エストロゲン;抗菌薬;抗生物質;抗真菌薬;抗ウイルス薬;抗凝固薬;鎮痙薬;抗うつ薬;抗ヒスタミン薬;および免疫学的因子。
コーティング組成物中に含められ得る適切な生物活性因子の他の例としては、以下が挙げられる:ウイルスおよび細胞、ペプチド、ポリペプチドおよびタンパク質、アナログ、ムテイン、ならびにこれらの活性フラグメント(例えば、免疫グロブリン、抗体)、サイトカイン(例えば、リンホカイン、モノカイン、ケモカイン)、血液凝固因子、造血因子、インターロイキン(IL−2、IL−3、IL−4、IL−6)、インターフェロン(β−IFN、α−IFNおよびγ−IFN)、エリスロポエチン、ヌクレアーゼ、腫瘍壊死因子、コロニー刺激因子(例えば、GCSF、GM−CSF、MCSF)、インスリン、抗腫瘍因子および腫瘍抑制遺伝子(tumor suppressor)、血液タンパク質、ゴナドトロピン(例えば、FSH、LH、CGなど)、ホルモンおよびホルモンアナログ(例えば、成長ホルモン)、ワクチン(例えば、腫瘍抗原、細菌抗原、およびウイルス抗原);ソマトスタチン;抗原;血液凝固因子;増殖因子(例えば、神経増殖因子、インスリン様増殖因子);タンパク質インヒビター、タンパク質アンタゴニストおよびタンパク質アゴニスト;核酸(例えば、アンチセンス分子、DNAおよびRNA);オリゴヌクレオチド;ポリヌクレオチド;ならびにリボザイム。
(実施例1 有孔層の調製)
I型ブタコラーゲンをブタの真皮から抽出し、そして、ペプシン消化により可溶性にして、塩類による沈殿により精製する。
25℃未満の周囲温度において、23gの湿ったコラーゲン(湿度12%)を、2070gの限外濾過水に溶解することによって、10g/lのコラーゲン溶液を調製する。水酸化ナトリウムを用いて、これを中性pHまで中和し、コラーゲンを沈殿させる。
多層バットレスを作製する際に使用するために適切な有孔層は、この懸濁液を、0.5g/cm〜1g/cmでフリーズドライプレート上に注ぎ、そして、約24時間続く1サイクルを用いてフリーズドライすることによって調製する。
必要に応じて、代替法においては、このようにして生成したフリーズドライされた有孔層は、60℃まで数時間(4〜15時間)にわたり加熱され得、有孔層に特定の用途において良好な粘着性と機械的な抵抗性を提供する。
(非有孔膜を形成するために使用される酸化コラーゲン溶液の調製)
I型ブタコラーゲンをブタの真皮から抽出し、そして、ペプシン消化により可溶性にして、塩類による沈殿により精製する。この実験に使用した30g/lの酸化コラーゲン溶液は、仏国特許出願公開第2715309号明細書にしたがって調製する。
好ましくは、NaClを加え、次いで、濃度を80%から100%に増加させたアセトンの水性溶液を用いて得られた沈殿を洗浄および乾燥させることによって、コラーゲンの酸性溶液の沈殿により得られる、乾燥コラーゲン繊維を使用する。
30g/lのコラーゲン溶液を、コラーゲンを0.01N HClに溶解することにより調製する。その容量は、49リットルである。過ヨウ素酸を8mM(すなわち、1.83g/l)の最終濃度でこれに加える。22℃に近い周囲温度において3時間、光から遠ざけて酸化を行う。
次いで、等容量の塩化ナトリウム溶液をこの溶液に加えて、41g/l NaClの最終濃度を得る。
30分間待った後、100ミクロンに近い多孔度を有する布製フィルターを通したデカンテーションにより沈殿物を回収し、次いで、0.01N HCl中41g/lのNaCl溶液で4回洗浄する。これにより、19kgの酸性生理塩類沈殿を生成する。この洗浄プロセスは、コラーゲンの酸化の間にあらゆる微量な過ヨウ素酸またはヨウ素誘導体を排除する。
次いで、80%アセトンの水性溶液中で数回の洗浄を用いて、コラーゲン沈殿物を濃縮し、そして、存在する塩を排除する。
100%アセトン中の最終洗浄を用いて、微量の所望されない化学生成物も伴わない、酸性の酸化された非網状コラーゲンの非常に濃いアセトン沈殿物(3.6kg)を調製する。
このアセトンペーストを40℃において非発熱性蒸留水で希釈し、44リットルの容量について、3%濃度のコラーゲンを得る。この容量44リットルのコラーゲン懸濁液を、50℃にて30分間加熱し、次いで、40℃の乾燥オーブン中、滅菌条件下で、0.45ミクロンの多孔度を有するメンブランを通して濾過する。
この溶液が均質になり、そして、35℃になるとすぐ、この溶液に、PEG 4000(4000ダルトンの分子量を有するポリエチレングリコール)の滅菌濃縮溶液およびグリセリンを加えて、0.9% PEG、0.54% グリセリンおよび2.7%酸化コラーゲンの最終濃度を生成する。
これらの添加を行ったらすぐ、この溶液のpHを、濃水酸化ナトリウム溶液を加えることによって7.0に調整する。
(多層バットレス材料の調製)
上記のように非有孔層を形成する予定のコラーゲン溶液を、22℃に近い周囲温度において、PVCまたはポリスチレンのような平坦な疎水性支持体の上に注いで薄層にする。この疎水性支持体の表面には、連続したポケットもしくはチャネル、または、複数の長手方向に間隔を空けたポケットもしくはチャネルが機械加工される。これらの支持体中のポケットまたはチャネルは、アンビルおよび/またはステープルカートリッジにおけるスロットまたは開口部に対応する。これらのポケットまたはチャネルの数、寸法および空間的な関係性は、成形されたバットレスを提供し、このバットレスが次いで、アンビルまたはステープルカートリッジと協働する状態に配置されるときに、アンビルまたはステープルカートリッジに提供されるスロットまたは開口部との、着脱可能な圧力嵌めを提供するように寸法決めされる。
上記のようにして調製した有孔層を、支持体上に注いでから5〜20分後に、加熱したコラーゲンの溶液に均一に適用する。この待ち時間はコラーゲン溶液のゲル化時間であり、液体コラーゲン中で有孔層が溶解するか、または、部分的に水和されることを防止するために、有孔層の適用に必要とされる。
ゲル化されたコラーゲン溶液内への有孔層の滲透は、0.5mm未満であり得る。
このバットレス材料を、次いで、周囲温度において、滅菌空気のジェット中で脱水し、約18時間エバポレーションを行う。
得られた多層バットレス材料を、支持体から容易に取り外し、そして、多層バットレス材料を弱めることなく、関係する用途に必要とされる寸法へと切断し得る。
多層バットレス材料を、次いで、気密性の二重ポリエチレンバッグ内に入れる。
このユニットを、25Kgyと35KGyとの間の線量のγ線照射または電子線(β)照射によって滅菌する。この材料は、周囲温度において安定である。
(実施例2)
(多層バットレス材料の調製)
実施例1において上記したように非有孔層を形成する予定のコラーゲン溶液を、22℃に近い周囲温度において、PVCまたはポリスチレンのような平坦な疎水性支持体の上に注いで約0.106g/cmに等しい薄層にする。この金型の表面上には、いくつかの突出物が機械加工される。この金型上の突出物は、アンビルおよび/またはステープルカートリッジ上に位置を定められるピンに対応する。これらの突出物の数、寸法および空間的な関係性は、成形されたバットレスを提供し、このバットレスが次いで、アンビルまたはステープルカートリッジと協働する状態に配置されるときに、アンビルまたはステープルカートリッジに提供されるピンとの、着脱可能な圧力嵌めを提供するように決定される。
残りのコラーゲン溶液をエチルアルコールおよび水で希釈して、1.75%の最終濃度の酸化コラーゲンを生成する。
1.75%の酸化コラーゲンの希釈溶液を用いて、約0.041g/cmに等しい第二の層を、第一の層が広がってから1時間以上が経過した後に、第一の層の上に注ぐ。
直ちに、外科用メッシュ補強部材を、希釈した酸化コラーゲンの第二の層の上に適用する。この補強部材は、編んだ等弾力性のマルチフィラメントのポリグリコール酸メッシュであり、酸化コラーゲンの第二の層によって完全に被殻され得る。
1時間以上経過した後に、実施例1において上記したように調製した有孔層をこのメッシュに適用する。
多層の補強したバットレス材料を、約20℃で湿度約40%の乾燥キャビネット(水平方向の気流速度1.2m/s)において乾燥する。この空気は、キャビネットの右側からキャビネットの左側に吹かせ、この流入空気は、0.2μmのフィルターを通し、そして、湿度40%に調整する。乾燥サイクルの持続期間は、12時間と24時間との間である。
(実施例3)
(多層バットレス材料の調製)
実施例1において上記したように非有孔層を形成する予定のコラーゲン溶液を、22℃に近い周囲温度において、PVCまたはポリスチレンのような平坦な疎水性支持体の上に注いで約0.106g/cmに等しい薄層にする。残りのコラーゲン溶液をエチルアルコールおよび水で希釈して、1.75%の最終濃度の酸化コラーゲンを生成する。
1.75%の酸化コラーゲンの希釈溶液を用いて、約0.041g/cmに等しい第二の層を、第一の層が広がってから1時間以上が経過した後に、第一の層の上に注ぐ。
直ちに、外科用メッシュ補強部材を、希釈した酸化コラーゲンの第二の層の上に適用する。この補強部材は、編んだ等弾力性のマルチフィラメントのポリグリコール酸メッシュであり、酸化コラーゲンの第二の層の上に位置決めされ得る。
1時間以上経過した後に、実施例1において上記したように調製した有孔層をこのメッシュに適用する。
多層の補強したバットレス材料を、約20℃で湿度約40%の乾燥キャビネット(水平方向の気流速度1.2m/s)において乾燥する。この空気は、キャビネットの右側からキャビネットの左側に吹かせ、この流入空気は、0.2μmのフィルターを通し、そして、湿度40%に調整する。乾燥サイクルの持続期間は、12時間と24時間との間である。
実施例1〜3の多層バットレスを、非有孔層側をカートリッジおよび/またはアンビルの表面と接触するようにして、ステープルカートリッジおよび/または外科用ステープラーのアンビルに適用する。創傷の縁部を、ステープル止め装置のステープルカートリッジとステープルアンビルとの間に近づける。ステープル止め装置を始動することによって、ステープルを、ステープルカートリッジの外へ、そして、多層バットレスおよび組織の両方を通して押し出す。ステープルは、ステープルアンビルとの接触によって形成される。いったん適所にステープル止めされると、有孔層は、出血を有益に減少させ、創傷を密閉することを補助し、そして、所望される場合、組織の内方増殖を可能にすることを補助し、一方で、非有孔層は、有孔層に対する支えを提供し、そして、癒着の形成を防止するのを補助し得る。実施例2および3においてのように、存在する場合、補強部材は、多層バットレスに追加の支えを提供し、そして、ステープル止めの間の裂けを防止するのを補助する。
本明細書において開示される実施形態に対して、種々の修正がなされ得ることが理解される。それゆえ、上記明細書は、限定的なものとしてみなされるべきではなく、単に、好ましい実施形態を例示するものとしてみなされるべきである。当業者は、本開示の範囲および精神内で他の修正を想定する。このような修正および改変は、添付の特許請求の範囲内に入ることが意図される。
104:ステープルカートリッジ
204:ステープルアンビル
350:バットレス
360:非有孔層
370:有孔層
380:チョップドファイバー
390:ホール
400:ピン

Claims (1)

  1. 明細書に記載の発明。
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