JP2012501062A - 電圧反転耐性を有する燃料電池用ナノ触媒 - Google Patents
電圧反転耐性を有する燃料電池用ナノ触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2008年8月25日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/091643号の利益を主張する。
本開示は、燃料電池用触媒、とりわけ燃料電池用アノード触媒として有用であり得るイリジウムを含むナノ構造薄膜(NSTF)触媒に関する。
「膜電極接合体」は、電解質、典型的にはポリマー電解質と、少なくとも1つであるがより典型的には2つ又はそれ以上の、膜に隣接する電極と、を含む、膜を含む構造を意味する。
以下の実施例では、ナノ構造薄膜(薄層触媒(NSTF)系MEA)を、2008年9月2日に米国特許第7,419,741号として発行された米国特許出願第10/674,594号、及び米国特許出願第11/248,561号に詳細に記載されるように作製及び接合した。複数要素を含むNSTF三元触媒を、上述の参考文献に記載されるように、種々の厚さのPt及び遷移金属の二層を用いたPtの層とCoMnの層とを交互にして作製した。NSTFアノード及びカソード触媒を33.0マイクロメートル(1.3ミル)厚の成型PEM(3M Companyから入手可能)の片面に約850の当量で積層付着することによってそれぞれ適用して、半触媒コーティング膜(1/2−CCM)を形成し、触媒側を外側にして2つの1/2−CCMを共に接合することでCCMを形成した。
MEAを4つの蛇行した流れ場を有する50cm2のセルに圧縮率約10%で取り付け、性能が安定するまで所定のプロトコルで動かした。一定流量条件で周囲気圧での動電位スキャン(potentiodynamic scanning)(PDS)及び動電流スキャン(galvanodynamic scanning)(GDS)を含む複数の一連の操作条件下で試験を続けた。特に、PDS分極曲線を使用して、Debe et al.,「Activities of Low Pt Loading,Carbon−less,Ultra−Thin Nanostructured Film−Based Electrodes for PEM Fuel Cells and Roll−Good Fabricated MEA Performances in Single Cells and Stacks,」2003 Fuel Cell Seminar Abstract Book,pp.812〜815(「2003 FC Abstract,」)のp.812以下(図4を含む)(「第2の方法」と称されている)に記載される方法にしたがって、各触媒組成物の比活性を測定した。この参考文献では、NSTF触媒の基本的な領域の比活性は、Pt/C分散触媒よりも約5倍大きかったことが示されている。
4つの比較電極、すなわち2つのNSTF(表IのMEAタイプ1)及び2つのPt/炭素(表IのMEAタイプ3及び4)を試験し、本開示の2つの電極(表IのMEAタイプ2)を試験した。
耐久性試験方法では、最初に初期基準燃料電池性能を上述したように評価した。酸素発生反応(OER)の特定試験は、2mA/cm2を、アノードにN2を付加した電池に強制的に5時間流すことにより、アノードを「腐食」させることであった。電池は定電流モードで操作し、電池電位を経時的にモニターした。次に、OER試験後に再度、電池性能を測定した。その後、熱サイクルを行って性能を可能な限り回復させた後、3度目の電池性能を測定した。電池性能は、80/80/80℃、0/0psigアウトレット、696/1657SCCM H2/空気GDS(0A/cm2−>0.40V−>0A/cm2、0.05A/cm2/ステップ、20s/ステップという条件下で測定した。
この実施例では、4つの異なる濃度の表面Irを有するNSTF PtCoMnアノードのOER分極曲線を比較する:Irなし(FC13259、比較)、10オングストローム平面相当(FC13436)、15オングストローム平面相当(FC13366)、及び30オングストローム平面相当(FC13404)。表IIは、サンプルMEAのNSTFアノード及びNSTFカソードの組成物をまとめている。
Claims (12)
- ナノスケールの触媒粒子の薄膜を支持する微細構造担体ウイスカを含むナノ構造要素を含み、前記ナノ構造要素が、1〜100オングストロームの平面相当厚を有するイリジウムの表面層を支持する、燃料電池用触媒。
- ナノスケールの触媒粒子の薄膜を支持する微細構造担体ウイスカを含むナノ構造要素を含み、前記ナノ構造要素が、イリジウムの表面準単層を支持する、燃料電池用触媒。
- ナノスケールの触媒粒子の薄膜を支持する微細構造担体ウイスカを含むナノ構造要素を含み、前記ナノ構造要素が、イリジウムの非遮蔽表面層を支持する、燃料電池用触媒。
- 前記イリジウムの表面層が準単層である、請求項1又は3に記載の燃料電池用触媒。
- 前記イリジウムの表面層が、1〜100オングストロームの平面相当厚を有する、請求項3に記載の燃料電池用触媒。
- 前記イリジウムの表面層が、5〜60オングストロームの平面相当厚を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池用触媒。
- イリジウムの表面準単層を支持する触媒表面を含む、燃料電池用触媒。
- イリジウムの非遮蔽表面層を支持する触媒表面を含む、燃料電池用触媒。
- 前記イリジウムの表面層が準単層である、請求項8に記載の燃料電池用触媒。
- 導電性炭素材料を含まない、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池用触媒。
- 前記イリジウムが、ゼロ酸化状態のイリジウムを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の燃料電池用触媒。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の触媒であるアノード触媒を含む、燃料電池用膜電極接合体。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US9164308P | 2008-08-25 | 2008-08-25 | |
US61/091,643 | 2008-08-25 | ||
PCT/US2009/054829 WO2010025118A1 (en) | 2008-08-25 | 2009-08-25 | Fuel cell nanocatalyst with voltage reversal tolerance |
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JP2012501062A true JP2012501062A (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
JP2012501062A5 JP2012501062A5 (ja) | 2012-10-11 |
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US (1) | US8637193B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2338193A1 (ja) |
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CN102132447B (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
US8637193B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
EP2338193A1 (en) | 2011-06-29 |
WO2010025118A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
JP5580312B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
CN102132447A (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
US20100047668A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
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