JP5249036B2 - 三元素のナノ触媒及び製造方法 - Google Patents
三元素のナノ触媒及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/347—Ionic or cathodic spraying; Electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8986—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Description
「膜電極組立体」とは、電解質、典型的にはポリマー電解質と、膜に隣接する少なくとも1つの電極、しかしより典型的には2つ以上の電極とを包含する膜を含む構造を意味し、
「ナノ構造化要素」とは、その表面の少なくとも一部上に触媒材料を含む、針状の別個の(discrete)微視的構造を意味し、
「ナノスケールの触媒粒子」とは、標準2θX線回折スキャンの回折ピークの半値幅から測定して、約15nm以下の少なくとも1つの寸法、又は約15nm以下の結晶サイズを有する触媒材料の粒子を意味し、
「針状の」とは、長さと平均断面幅の比が3以上であることを意味し、
「別個の(discrete)」とは、個々の独自性(identity)を有する個別の(distinct)要素であるが、互いに接触する要素を除外しないことを示し、
「微視的」とは、約1マイクロメートル以下の少なくとも1つの寸法を有することを意味し、
表面上に分配される層であって、不均一に分配される可能性がある層及び表面が非平坦表面である可能性がある表面上に分配される層(例えば、地形にわたって分配される雪の層、又は真空堆積プロセスにて分配される原子の層)に関して、「平面相当厚さ」とは、層の全体の質量が、その表面と同一の投影面積をカバーする平面に、均一に広げられたと仮定して計算された厚さを意味し(非平坦特性と回旋(convolutions)を無視すると、表面によってカバーされる投影面積は、表面の総表面積以下であることに注意)、
「二層平面相当厚さ」とは、(本明細書で記載される)第一層と(本明細書で記載される)次に生じる第二層の合計の平面相当厚さを意味し、並びに
符号「Å」は、任意の印刷ミス又はコンピューターのミスにも関わらず、オングストロームを表す。
触媒担体として採用されたナノ構造化支持体被膜は、本明細書に参考として組み込まれる米国特許第5,338,430号、同第4,812,352号、及び同第5,039,561号に記載される方法に従って、基材として、同様に本明細書に参考として組み込まれる米国特許第6,136,412号に記載されるミクロ構造化触媒転写基材(又はMCTS)を使用して、製造された。ミクロ構造化基材上のナノ構造化ペリレンレッド(PR149、アメリカンヘキスト社(American Hoechst Corp.)、ニュージャージー州、サマセット(Somerset))被膜は、有機顔料C.I.ピグメントレッド(Pigment Red)149、すなわち、N,N’−ジ(3,5−キシリル)ペリレン−3,4:9,10−ビス(ジカルボキシイミド)の熱昇華及び真空アニーリングにより、製造された。堆積及びアニーリング後、高配向結晶構造は、大きいアスペクト比、平均長さ約0.75マイクロメートル、幅約0.03〜0.05マイクロメートル、及び面数密度1平方マイクロメートル当たりおよそ55ウィスカーに形成され、下にある基材に実質的に垂直に配向した。
触媒材料は、スパッタ堆積によりPR149ミクロ構造上に堆積された。触媒材料は、単一ターゲットである、ウィリアムズ・アドバンスト・マテリアルズ(Williams Advanced Materials)により加工された、2インチ×10インチ(5cm×25cm)平面マグネトロン三元素−白金/コバルト/マンガンターゲットから堆積された。ターゲットの組成物は、原子比率が、白金49.86%、コバルト45.13%、及びマンガン5.01%、すなわちおよそ10:9:1であった。
触媒コーティング膜(CCM)は、純白金NSTFアノード触媒(0.15mg/cm2)、及び上記の三元素の触媒カソードを、約1000の当量で厚さ1.36ミクロン成型PEMまでラミネーション転写(lamination transfer)することによって製造された。MEAを形成するためにCCMの両側に置かれる拡散電流コレクタ(DCC)は、疎水性を改善するためにテフロン(登録商標)(Teflon)で処理されたテキストロン(Textron)炭素布電極裏層の片側上に、ガス拡散ミクロ層を被覆することによって組み立てられた。
1. ナノスケールの触媒粒子を担持するミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカーを含むナノ構造化要素を含む担持触媒の製造方法であって、少なくとも3種の金属元素を含む単一ターゲットから、ミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカー上に、少なくとも3種の金属元素を含む触媒材料を堆積する工程を含む方法。
2. 前記金属元素の少なくとも1種が白金である、態様1に記載の方法。
3. 前記金属元素の少なくとも1種がマンガンである、態様1に記載の方法。
4. 前記金属元素の少なくとも1種がマンガンである、態様2に記載の方法。
5. 前記金属元素の少なくとも1種がコバルトである態様1に記載の方法。
6. 前記金属元素の少なくとも1種がコバルトである、態様2に記載の方法。
7. 前記金属元素の少なくとも1種がコバルトである、態様3に記載の方法。
8. 前記金属元素の少なくとも1種がコバルトである、態様4に記載の方法。
9. 態様1に記載の方法に従って製造されたナノスケールの触媒粒子を担持するミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカーを含むナノ構造化要素を含む、担持触媒。
10. 態様9に記載の担持触媒を含む、燃料電池膜電極組立体。
11. 態様2に記載の方法に従って製造されたナノスケールの触媒粒子を担持するミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカーを含むナノ構造化要素を含む、担持触媒。
12. 態様11に記載の担持触媒を含む、燃料電池膜電極組立体。
13. 態様3に記載の方法に従って製造されたナノスケールの触媒粒子を担持するミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカーを含む、ナノ構造化要素を含む担持触媒。
14. 態様13に記載の担持触媒を含む、燃料電池膜電極組立体。
15. 態様4に記載の方法に従って製造されたナノスケールの触媒粒子を担持するミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカーを含むナノ構造化要素を含む、担持触媒。
16. 態様15に記載の担持触媒を含む、燃料電池膜電極組立体。
17. 態様6に記載の方法に従って製造されたナノスケールの触媒粒子を担持するミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカーを含むナノ構造化要素を含む、担持触媒。
18. 態様17に記載の担持触媒を含む、燃料電池膜電極組立体。
19. 態様8に記載の方法に従って製造されたナノスケールの触媒粒子を担持するミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカーを含むナノ構造化要素を含む、担持触媒。
20. 態様19に記載の担持触媒を含む、燃料電池膜電極組立体。
本発明の様々な修正及び変更は、本発明の範囲及び原理から逸脱することなく当業者に明白となり、本発明が、上記で説明した例示的な実施形態に過度に限定するものではないことを理解すべきである。
Claims (1)
- ナノスケールの触媒粒子を担持するミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカーを含むナノ構造化要素を含む、燃料電池用の担持触媒の製造方法であって、少なくとも3種の金属元素を含む単一ターゲットから、ミクロ構造化支持体ウィスカー上に、少なくとも3種の金属元素を含む触媒材料を堆積する工程を含む、方法。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/248,441 US20070082814A1 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2005-10-12 | Ternary nanocatalyst and method of making |
US11/248,441 | 2005-10-12 | ||
PCT/US2006/038546 WO2007047088A1 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2006-09-29 | Ternary nanocatalyst and method of making |
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JP2009511263A JP2009511263A (ja) | 2009-03-19 |
JP2009511263A5 JP2009511263A5 (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
JP5249036B2 true JP5249036B2 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
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US (1) | US20070082814A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5249036B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101282787B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112006002719T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007047088A1 (ja) |
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JP2000106203A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質膜及び燃料電池用電極及び固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 |
US6482763B2 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2002-11-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Suboxide fuel cell catalyst for enhanced reformate tolerance |
DE10130828A1 (de) * | 2001-06-27 | 2003-01-16 | Basf Ag | Brennstoffzelle |
US6946362B2 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2005-09-20 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and apparatus for forming high surface area material films and membranes |
US6624328B1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2003-09-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Preparation of perfluorinated vinyl ethers having a sulfonyl fluoride end-group |
US20040116742A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-06-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Selective reaction of hexafluoropropylene oxide with perfluoroacyl fluorides |
US7348088B2 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2008-03-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Polymer electrolyte membrane |
JP2004255698A (ja) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-16 | Victor Co Of Japan Ltd | 光記録媒体 |
US20050112450A1 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2005-05-26 | Intematix Corporation | Low platinum fuel cell catalysts and method for preparing the same |
US7419741B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2008-09-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fuel cell cathode catalyst |
-
2005
- 2005-10-12 US US11/248,441 patent/US20070082814A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-09-29 JP JP2008535566A patent/JP5249036B2/ja active Active
- 2006-09-29 WO PCT/US2006/038546 patent/WO2007047088A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-09-29 CN CN2006800378485A patent/CN101282787B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-29 DE DE112006002719T patent/DE112006002719T5/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112006002719T5 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
CN101282787B (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
JP2009511263A (ja) | 2009-03-19 |
US20070082814A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
WO2007047088A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
CN101282787A (zh) | 2008-10-08 |
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