JP2012184444A - 燃料における使用のための四級アンモニウム塩洗浄剤 - Google Patents
燃料における使用のための四級アンモニウム塩洗浄剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】(a)ヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤および前記アシル化剤と縮合できる酸素原子または窒素原子を有し、更に3級アミノ基を有する化合物と、(b)3級アミノ基を4級窒素に変換するのに適する4級化剤との反応の反応生成物から作製される4級アンモニウム塩洗浄剤ならびに吸気弁堆積物を低減させる、燃料組成物中でのこのような4級アンモニウム塩洗浄剤の使用が提供される。本発明の組成物および方法は、機関内の堆積物形成を最小化し、削減し、制御し、これにより、燃料消費が削減され、操作性が向上し、車両整備が削減され、排出物が削減される結果、最適な機関運転が可能となる。
【選択図】なし
Description
本願は、特許出願第60/691,115号による優先権を主張する。
本発明の組成物は、4級アンモニウム塩洗浄剤、および吸気弁の堆積物を削減し吸気弁上に存在する堆積物を除去または洗浄する、燃料組成物中でのこのような4級アンモニウム塩洗浄剤の使用に関する。
特許文献11では、350〜3000のMwを有する炭化水素の4級アンモニウム塩を含有する、潤滑油または燃料が開示されており、4級窒素に対する残りの基は、C1〜C20アルキル基、C2〜C8ヒドロキシアルキル基、C2〜C20アルケニル基または環状基からなる群から選択される。
本発明は、内燃機関に燃料供給する方法であって、
A.前記機関に
i.室温で液体である燃料、および
ii.(a)ヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤と、前記アシル化剤と縮合できる酸素原子
または窒素原子を有し、3級アミノ基を更に有する化合物との反応物と、
(b)3級アミノ基を4級窒素に変換するのに適する4級化剤と
の反応生成物を含む4級アンモニウム塩
を供給する段階
を含み、
該4級化剤が、硫酸ジアルキル、ハロゲン化ベンジル、ヒドロカルビル置換炭酸塩、酸と組み合わせたヒドロカルビルエポキシ化合物、またはこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される方法を更に提供する。
a.ヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤と、前記アシル化剤と縮合できる酸素原子または窒素原子を有し、3級アミノ基を更に有する化合物との反応物と、
b.3級アミノ基を4級窒素に変換するのに適する4級化剤と
の反応生成物を含み、
該4級化剤が、硫酸ジアルキル、ハロゲン化ベンジル、ヒドロカルビル置換炭酸塩、酸と組み合わせたヒドロカルビルエポキシ化合物、またはこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、
4級アンモニウム塩を含む組成物を更に提供する。
例えば、本発明は以下の項目を提供する。
(項目1)
a.ヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤と、該アシル化剤と縮合できる酸素原子または窒素原子を有し3級アミノ基を更に有する化合物との反応物と、
b.3級アミノ基を4級窒素に変換するのに適する4級化剤
との反応生成物を含み、
該4級化剤が、硫酸ジアルキル、ハロゲン化ベンジル、ヒドロカルビル置換炭酸塩、酸と組み合わせたヒドロカルビルエポキシ化合物、またはこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、
4級アンモニウム塩を含む組成物。
(項目2)
前記ヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤が、ポリイソブチレン無水コハク酸である、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目3)
(a)の化合物が、N−メチル−1,3−ジアミノプロパンである、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目4)
室温で液体である燃料を更に含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目5)
内燃機関に燃料供給する方法であって、
A.該機関に
i.室温で液体である燃料、および
ii.(a)ヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤と、該アシル化剤と縮合できる酸素原子または窒素原子を有し、3級アミノ基を更に有する化合物との反応物と、
(b)3級アミノ基を4級窒素に変換するのに適する4級化剤と
の反応生成物を含む4級アンモニウム塩
を供給する段階
を含み、
該4級化剤が、硫酸ジアルキル、ハロゲン化ベンジル、ヒドロカルビル置換炭酸塩、酸と組み合わせたヒドロカルビルエポキシ化合物、またはこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される方法。
(項目6)
潤滑粘性油を更に含む、項目1に記載の組成物。
(項目7)
金属不活性剤、項目1に記載の洗浄剤以外の洗浄剤、分散剤、粘度調整剤、摩擦調整剤、分散粘度調整剤、極圧剤、耐磨耗剤、抗酸化剤、腐食防止剤、抑泡剤、乳化破壊剤、流動点降下剤、シール膨潤剤、ワックス調整ポリマー、スケール抑制剤、ガスハイドレート抑制剤、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される成分を更に含む、項目6に記載の組成物。
(項目8)
前記成分が、過塩基性金属含有洗浄剤、ジチオリン酸亜鉛ジアルキル、またはこれらの混合物である、項目7に記載の組成物。
様々な好ましい特徴および実施形態は、非限定的例示として以下に説明する。
(発明の分野)
本発明は、4級アンモニウム塩、4級アンモニウム塩を含む燃料組成物、および該燃料組成物で内燃機関を運転する方法を包含する。本発明の組成物および方法は、機関内の堆積物形成を最小化し、削減し、制御し、これにより、燃料消費が削減され、操作性が向上し、車両整備が削減され、排出物が削減される結果、最適な機関運転が可能となる。
本発明の組成物は、室温で液体であり、機関に燃料供給するのに有用である燃料を含むことができる。この燃料は、普通、室温条件、例えば室温(20〜30℃)で液体である。この燃料は、炭化水素燃料、非炭化水素燃料、またはこれらの混合燃料であってもよい。炭化水素燃料は、ASTM規格D4814により定義されるガソリンまたはASTM規格D975により定義されるディーゼル燃料を含む石油蒸留液であってもよい。本発明のある実施形態では、燃料はガソリンであり、他の実施形態では、燃料は加鉛ガソリンであるか、または無鉛ガソリンである。本発明の別の実施形態では、燃料はディーゼル燃料である。炭化水素燃料は、例えば、フィッシャートロプシュ法などのプロセスにより調製される炭化水素を含む、GTL(gastoliquid)プロセスにより調製される炭
化水素であってもよい。非炭化水素燃料は、アルコール、エーテル、ケトン、カルボン酸のエステル、ニトロアルカン、またはこれらの混合物を含む、含酸素剤とよく称される酸素含有組成物であってもよい。非炭化水素燃料には、例えばメタノール、エタノール、メチル−t−ブチルエーテル、メチルエチルケトン、菜種メチルエステルおよび大豆メチルエステルなどの、植物および動物由来のエステル交換油および/または脂肪と、ニトロメタンを挙げることができる。炭化水素と非炭化水素燃料との混合物には、例えばガソリンとメタノールおよび/またはエタノール、ディーゼル燃料とエタノール、ならびにディーゼル燃料と菜種メチルエステルなどのエステル交換植物油を挙げることができる。本発明のある実施形態では、液体燃料は、炭化水素燃料、非炭化水素燃料、またはこれらの混合物中の水のエマルジョンである。本発明の幾つかの実施形態では、燃料は、重量ベースで5000ppm以下、1000ppm以下、300ppm以下、200ppm以下、30ppm以下、または10ppm以下の硫黄含量を有することができる。別の実施形態では、燃料は、重量ベースで1〜100ppmの硫黄含量を有し得る。一実施形態では、燃料は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属またはこれらの混合物を、約0ppm〜約1000ppm、約0〜約500ppm、約0〜約100ppm、約0〜約50ppm、約0〜約25ppm、約0〜約10ppm、または約0〜約5ppm含有する。別の実施形態では、燃料は、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属またはこれらの混合物の重量に対して1〜10ppm含有する。アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、遷移金属またはこれらの混合物を含有する燃料により、堆積物を形成する傾向が高くなり、したがってコモンレールインジェクターが汚染するかまたは詰まることは、当技術分野で周知である。本発明の燃料は、一般に重量で50%を超える主要量で燃料組成物中に存在し、他の実施形態では、90重量%より多く、95重量%より多く、99.5重量%より多く、または99.8重量%より多く存在する。
本発明の組成物は、(a)ヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤と、前記アシル化剤と縮合できる酸素原子または窒素原子を有し、3級アミノ基を更に有する化合物との反応物と、(b)3級アミノ基を4級窒素に変換するのに適する4級化剤との反応生成物を含み、該4級化剤が、硫酸ジアルキル、ハロゲン化ベンジル、ヒドロカルビル置換炭酸塩、酸と組み合わせたヒドロカルビルエポキシ化合物、またはこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される4級アンモニウム塩を含む。
本発明のヒドロカルビル置換アシル化剤は、長鎖炭化水素、一般に、(i)フマル酸、イタコン酸、マレイン酸などのα,β−一価不飽和C4〜C10ジカルボン酸、(ii)無水物などの(i)の誘導体または(i)のC1〜C5アルコール誘導モノもしくはジエステル、(iii)アクリル酸、メタクリル酸などのα,β−一価不飽和C3〜C10モノカルボン酸、(iv)(iii)のC1〜C5アルコール誘導エステルなどの(iii)の誘導体、などの一価不飽和カルボン酸反応物質で置換されたポリオレフィンと、式中、R1およびR2の各々は、独立に、水素または炭化水素ベースの基であり、R6、R7およびR8の各々は、独立に、水素または炭化水素ベースの基であり、少なくとも1つは、少なくとも20個の炭素原子を含有する炭化水素ベースの基であることが好ましい一般式
5(商標)で市販されている。
本発明の組成物は、アシル化剤と縮合できる酸素原子または窒素原子を有し、更に3級アミノ基を有する化合物を含有する。
本発明の組成物は、ジアルキル硫酸塩、ハロゲン化ベンジル、ヒドロカルビル置換炭酸塩、酸と組み合わせたヒドロカルビルエポキシ化合物、またはこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、3級アミノ基を4級窒素に変換するのに適する4級化剤を含有する。
本発明の組成物は、潤滑粘性油を含有することができる。潤滑粘性油には、天然もしくは合成の潤滑粘性油、水添分解法、水素添加、水素化精製から誘導される油、未精製、精製および再精製油、またはこれらの混合油が挙げられる。一実施形態では、潤滑粘性油は、分散剤および/または他性能の添加剤用の分散媒である。
。一実施形態では、潤滑粘性油は、APIグループI、II、III、IV、Vまたはこれらの混合油を含み、別の実施形態では、APIグループI、II、III、またはこれらの混合油を含む。
組成物は、1種または複数種の追加の性能の添加剤を場合により含む。他の性能の添加剤には、金属不活性剤、洗浄剤、分散剤、粘度調整剤、摩擦調整剤、分散粘度調整剤、極圧剤、耐磨耗剤、抗酸化剤、腐食防止剤、抑泡剤、乳化破壊剤、流動点降下剤、シール膨潤剤、ワックス調整ポリマー、スケール抑制剤、ガスハイドレート抑制剤、およびこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
1380)およびExxon Mineral Seal Oilが挙げられる。
一実施形態では、本発明は、内燃機関用液体燃料として有用である。内燃機関には、スパーク点火および圧縮点火機関と、2−ストロークまたは4−ストロークサイクルと、直接噴射を介して供給される液体燃料、間接噴射、ポート噴射および気化器と、コモンレールおよびユニットインジェクターシステム、軽量(例:乗用車)および運搬用(例:商用トラック)機関と、炭化水素および非炭化水素燃料で燃料供給される機関ならびにこれらの複合機関が挙げられる。これらの機関は、EGRシステム、三元触媒、酸化触媒、NOxアブソーバーおよびNOx触媒、燃料添加触媒を場合により採用する触媒および非触媒微粒子トラップを含む後処理、可変の弁開閉時期と、噴射時期および噴射率制御のような要素を組み入れた総合排出システムの一部であってもよい。
ル汚れ試験の結果を、表1および表2に明示する。
調製実施例Aは、窒素雰囲気下で110℃に攪拌加熱される、1000Mnポリイソブチレン(21425グラム)から調製される無水コハク酸と希釈油−試験品900(3781グラム)との混合物から調製する。ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン(DMAPA、2314グラム)を、115℃未満の浴温を維持しながら45分かけてゆっくり添加する。反応温度を150℃に上げ、更に3時間維持する。こうして生じる化合物は、DMAPAスクシンイミドである。
調製実施例Aの反応生成物、酸化スチレン(12.5グラム)、酢酸(6.25グラム)およびメタノール(43.4グラム)を、窒素雰囲気下で5時間攪拌しながら加熱して還流する(約80℃)。この反応物を蒸留精製し(30℃、−1bar)、無色透明の留出液が得られた。こうして生じた化合物は、酸化スチレン4級アンモニウム塩である。
調製実施例Aの反応生成物(373.4グラム)を、攪拌しながら90℃に加熱する。硫酸ジメチル(25.35g)を、反応容器に装填し、窒素ブランケット下で再度続けて攪拌(約300rpm)し、発熱により浴温は約100℃に上昇する。この反応物を100℃で3時間維持してから再冷却して静かに注ぐ。こうして生じた化合物は、硫酸ジメチル4級アンモニウム塩である。
調製実施例Aの反応生成物(1735.2グラム)を、窒素雰囲気下で攪拌しながら90℃に加熱する。塩化ベンジル(115.4グラム)を、反応温度を90℃に維持しながら滴下して添加する。この反応を90℃で5時間維持する。こうして生じた化合物は、塩化ベンジル4級アンモニウム塩である。
調製実施例Aの反応生成物(152.6グラム)、炭酸ジメチル(31グラム)およびメタノール(26.9グラム)を、圧力容器に装填する。次いで、この容器の漏れを耐圧試験し、これを2回窒素パージする。この容器を、約19psiに加圧力し、このバッチを攪拌(約210rpm)しながら90℃に加熱する。このバッチを、1時間温度維持してから、140℃に加熱し24時間温度維持する。室温に再冷却してすぐ、残圧を放出してから生成物を静かに注ぐ。この反応物を蒸留(100℃、−0.5bar)精製して、遊離炭酸ジメチルおよびメタノールを除去した。こうして生じた化合物は、炭酸ジメチル4級アンモニウム塩である。
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