JP2012096122A - 改良型エアウェイ装置 - Google Patents
改良型エアウェイ装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 本発明は、人間若しくは動物に使用するためのエアウェイ装置に関する。このエアウェイ装置は、遠位端部と近位端部を持つエアウェイチューブと、口腔安定器とを有する。口腔安定器は、その遠位端部は患者の咽頭注入口に解剖学的に適合するように構成される咽頭カフで囲まれ、咽頭カフとエアウェイチューブの近位端部の間のエアウェイチューブに接して若しくはその周囲に位置する。また、口腔安定器は、患者の舌の前側面と入れ子状に重なるように構成される。口腔安定器の大きさ、形状、軟らかさや構造は、安定性を提供し使用時のエアウェイチューブの回転の或いは左右の動きを防ぐように構成されている。例えば、喉頭カフの表面は、Aスケールのショア硬度が0から40の物質から形成されている。
【選択図】図2
Description
この発明は解剖学的に取り付けられる、簡易だが多用途な、改良型のエアウェイ装置に関する。この発明は、外科的処置の間、自発呼吸している患者への麻酔薬の投与に使用する装置に特に適用するが、それに限定されない。本発明は特に喉頭エアウェイ装置に関する。更に具体的には、本発明は、削減されたコストで使い捨て可能な喉頭エアウェイ装置、及びそのようなエアウェイ装置の製造方法に関する。
b) カフ付き経口咽頭チューブ
c) 喉頭マスク(LMA)、強化型LMA、挿管可能な喉頭マスク(Intubating LMA)、耳鼻咽喉科や歯科麻酔向けのアンタバン社(Intavent Ltd. )の改良型LMA
d) 気道管理器具
e) コンビチューブ
f) 自留鼻咽頭エアウェイ
g) カフ付き又はカフ無し気管内チューブ、R.A.E.気管内チューブ
h) 声門上口咽頭エアウェイ
i) 気管切開チューブ及び小型気管チューブ
j) 等々
ジャーナル オブ アナシジオロジー(European Journal of anaesthesiology)1991年追補版4、5から17ページ、A.I.J.ブレインによる再考に、記載されている。この再考の全文は、これより引用により開示され、この開示に不可欠な部分を形成することを目的としている。
cuff)により囲まれており、その装置は、喉頭カフとチューブの近位端部の間のエアウェイチューブに接して又はその周囲に位置する、口腔安定器を更に具備し、前記口腔安定器は患者の舌の前側面と入れ子状に重なるように構成されており、口腔安定器の大きさ、形状、柔らかさや構造は、安定性を提供し使用時のエアウェイチューブの回転の若しくは左右への動きを防ぐように、構成されていることを特徴とする。この口腔安定器はカフと同じ物質から、若しくは異なる物質から形成してもよく、使用時に装置の位置やその場所を維持するのを補助する。
Laryngeal Airway Device)という簡便な省略形で参照される。
(b) コネクター周囲に第一の部分を第二の部分へ結合する。
本発明の実施形態を、単なる例を用いて説明する。これらの例は、出願人が現在知っている、実行に移すのに最も良い方法を表しているが、それらは達成することができる唯一の方法というわけではない。
エチレン ブチレン スチレン(SEBS)等)や熱可塑性オレフィン混合物(TPO)のような熱可塑性エラストマ−、熱可塑性ポリウレタン(TPU)、共重合ポリエステル(COPE)、ポリエステルブロックアミド(PEBAS)や、必要に応じてそれらの発泡体が含まれるが、それらに限定されない。
物質の専門家と協力して解剖学/麻酔の分野における専門家により決定され指定される。カフは、管腔外圧力が一定に保たれるように、亜酸化窒素(麻酔ガス)がその物質を通じて拡散し、深刻な量にならないような物質から構成される。従って、カフは、充填された流動体と麻酔ガスに対して、実質的に不浸透性を有しなければならない。
は徐々に細くなって緩やかな先端であることである。これは先細の先端は喉頭と食道の注入口の間に位置するか又は押し込まれるように意図されている。
・予期しない又は/及び予想された困難な気管内挿管の取り扱いにおいて有用な道具であること。エアウェイを通じての気管内チューブによるものでも、計画的な光ファイバー挿管若しくは気管支鏡検査法によるものでも、有用であること。
麻酔状態、麻酔後の覚醒中、集中治療や蘇生診療において使用される、どんなガス供給システムとも接続するのに適している、15mmのISO国際標準規格のコネクター。
柔らかいゴムの、又は予め形成され、適当な液体若しくは柔らかい物質で予め膨らませた又は充填したカップは、22mmHg以上の管腔外圧力を喉頭注入口や隣接臓器の粘膜に与えないことを目標としたので、連続した途切れのない周辺組織の毛細血管を通る血流を確保して、咽頭喉頭の粘膜への圧迫や剪断力を避け、従ってそれと接触する構造物へ血液が途切れなく供給されることを確保する。解剖学的に適合する喉頭カップは、それと接触している構造物を変形させることなく、喉頭注入口を密封しながら囲んでいる。
1から2は新生児及び乳児用(体重3−20kg)
3は小児用 (体重21−50kg)
4から5は青年用 (体重51−90kg)
6から7は大人用 (体重90kg以上)
食道構成要素の追加は、麻酔をかけられている胃スタティス(gastric statis)の疑いのある患者に、集中治療室に、そしてエアウェイに特に過敏で人工呼吸器を外す際の良く知られ広く広まっている問題を起こす患者に、使用することを目的としている。そのような患者はほぼ確実に、取り外しが容易なように上部の過敏なエアウェイにバイパスをつけるための、器官開口術で終わるのである。慢性の閉塞性/拘束性気道疾患のある患者、喘息患者、そしてヘビースモーカーは、取り外しの際の問題を起こす可能性が高い患者である。
予期していた又は/及び予想していなかった困難な挿管を伴った患者の罹患率又は死亡率は、麻酔治療の良く知られた観点であり、その状況に直面したどんな麻酔医にとっても挑戦的な悪夢である。NLAの前部に予め形成された縦の隙間を伴ったNLAの改良版は、気管内チューブを伴ったNLAを通じて、ブージー、クックのエアウェイ又はファイバースコープの助けで、容易に挿管することを補助する。
NLAのそれぞれの構成要素の形状、設計や操作構造への幾つかの改良が、NLAの改良された性能又は美的外観のどちらに必要なのかが、予想される。
1b 舌骨
1c 甲状舌骨膜
1d 小角軟骨
1e 甲状軟骨(のど仏)
1f 披裂軟骨
1g 輪状甲状靱帯
1h 輪状軟骨
1i 輪状気管靱帯
1k 甲状腺
1m 副甲状腺(4)
1n 気管
1o 気管軟骨
1p 喉頭蓋
1q 舌骨
1r 甲状舌骨膜
1s 甲状舌骨膜
1t 楔状軟骨
1u 脂肪体
1w 小角軟骨
1x 室ひだ(仮声帯)
1y 披裂軟骨
1z 甲状軟骨
2a 声帯(真声帯)
2b 輪状軟骨
ac 輪状甲状靱帯
2d 気管軟骨
2e 輪状気管靱帯
Claims (1)
- 人間若しくは動物に使用するためのエアウェイ装置(10,30,110)であって、
当該エアウェイ装置は、
(i)遠位端部(13,149,249)と、近位端部(12,147,248)を持つエアウェイチューブ(11,83,63,101,111)であって、
前記エアウェイチューブの遠位端部が、喉頭カフ(14,34,94,113,121,131)で囲まれており、
遠位端部と、近位端部とを持つエアウェイチューブと、
(ii)前記喉頭カフと前記エアウェイチューブの近位端部の間において前記エアウェイチューブに接して若しくはその周囲に位置する口腔安定器(20,40,50,90,100,122)であって、
前記口腔安定器は、前記患者の舌の前側面又は前面と入れ子状に重なるように構成されるとともに、前記患者の対応組織に合わせて構成されることで、安定性を提供し、それにより、使用時のエアウェイチューブの回転の又は左右の動きを防ぐ、
口腔安定器と、
(iii)前記喉頭カフの前記表面(32)を組み込む、前側、腹側部分(136,146,246)と、
後側、背面部分(135,145,245)と、
を具備し、
前記口腔安定器は、
当該口腔安定器と前記咽頭カフとが一体となるように、かつ、
前記口腔安定器が、同じ面で滑らかに、前記咽頭カフの前記後側、背面部分の近位端部を形成するように、
前記咽頭カフの近位端部から前記エアウェイチューブの遠位端部に向かって延長している、
エアウェイ装置。
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