JP2005535397A - 改良型エアウェイ装置 - Google Patents
改良型エアウェイ装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 遠位端部と近位端部を持つエアウェイチューブを有し、その遠位端部は患者のラリンジアル注入口に解剖学的に適合するように構成されるラリンジラルカフで囲まれ、ラリンジアルカフとエアウェイチューブの近位端部の間のエアウェイチューブに接して若しくはその周囲に位置する口腔安定器を更に有することを特徴とし、前記口腔安定器は患者の舌の前側面と入れ子状に重なるように構成され、口腔安定器の大きさ、形状、軟らかさや構造は安定性を提供し使用時のエアウェイチューブの回転の或いは左右の動きを防ぐように構成されている、人間若しくは動物に使用するためのエアウェイ装置。
Description
b) カフ付き経口咽頭チューブ
c) 喉頭マスク(LMA)、強化型LMA、挿管可能な喉頭マスク(Intubating LMA)、耳鼻咽喉科や歯科麻酔向けのアンタバン社(Intavent Ltd. )の改良型LMA
d) 気道管理器具
e) コンビチューブ
f) 自留鼻咽頭エアウェイ
g) カフ付き又はカフ無し気管内チューブ、R.A.E.気管内チューブ
h) 声門上口咽頭エアウェイ
i) 気管切開チューブ及び小型気管チューブ
j) 等々
(b) コネクター周囲に第一の部分を第二の部分へ結合する。
は徐々に細くなって緩やかな先端であることである。これは先細の先端は喉頭と食道の注入口の間に位置するか又は押し込まれるように意図されている。
・予期しない又は/及び予想された困難な気管内挿管の取り扱いにおいて有用な道具であること。エアウェイを通じての気管内チューブによるものでも、計画的な光ファイバー挿管若しくは気管支鏡検査法によるものでも、有用であること。
麻酔状態、麻酔後の覚醒中、集中治療や蘇生診療において使用される、どんなガス供給システムとも接続するのに適している、15mmのISO国際標準規格のコネクター。
1から2は新生児及び乳児用(体重3−20kg)
3は小児用 (体重21−50kg)
4から5は青年用 (体重51−90kg)
6から7は大人用 (体重90kg以上)
食道構成要素の追加は、麻酔をかけられている胃スタティス(gastri statis)の疑いのある患者に、集中治療室に、そしてエアウェイに特に過敏で人工呼吸器を外す際の良く知られ広く広まっている問題を起こす患者に、使用することを目的としている。そのような患者はほぼ確実に、取り外しが容易なように上部の過敏なエアウェイにバイパスをつけるための、器官開口術で終わるのである。慢性の閉塞性/拘束性気道疾患のある患者、喘息患者、そしてヘビースモーカーは、取り外しの際の問題を起こす可能性が高い患者である。
予期していた又は/及び予想していなかった困難な挿管を伴った患者の罹患率又は死亡率は、麻酔治療の良く知られた観点であり、その状況に直面したどんな麻酔医にとっても挑戦的な悪夢である。NLAの前部に予め形成された縦の隙間を伴ったNLAの改良版は、気管内チューブを伴ったNLAを通じて、ブージー、クックのエアウェイ又はファイバースコープの助けで、容易に挿管することを補助する。
NLAのそれぞれの構成要素の形状、設計や操作構造への幾つかの改良が、NLAの改良された性能又は美的外観のどちらに必要なのかが、予想される。
1b 舌骨
1c 甲状舌骨膜
1d 小角軟骨
1e 甲状軟骨(のど仏)
1f 披裂軟骨
1g 輪状甲状靱帯
1h 輪状軟骨
1i 輪状気管靱帯
1k 甲状腺
1m 副甲状腺(4)
1n 気管
1o 気管軟骨
1p 喉頭蓋
1q 舌骨
1r 甲状舌骨膜
1s 甲状舌骨膜
1t 楔状軟骨
1u 脂肪体
1w 小角軟骨
1x 室ひだ(仮声帯)
1y 披裂軟骨
1z 甲状軟骨
2a 声帯(真声帯)
2b 輪状軟骨
ac 輪状甲状靱帯
2d 気管軟骨
2e 輪状気管靱帯
Claims (36)
- 遠位端部と近位端部を持つエアウェイチューブを具備し、前記遠位端部は患者の喉頭喉頭注入口に解剖学的に適合するように構成される喉頭カフで囲まれ、人間若しくは動物に使用するためのエアウェイ装置であって、
前記喉頭カフと前記エアウェイチューブの近位端部の間に位置するエアウェイチューブに接して若しくはその周囲に位置する口腔安定器を更に具備し、前記口腔安定器は前記患者の舌の前側面と入れ子状に重なるように構成され、口腔安定器の大きさ、形状、軟らかさや構造は安定性を提供し使用時のエアウェイチューブの回転の又は左右の動きを防ぐように構成されることを特徴とするエアウェイ装置。 - 前記カフは、膨張可能ではなく、患者の喉頭注入口に解剖学的に適合するように構成された形状に予め形成されている、請求項1に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 前記喉頭カフは空気で予め膨らませられるか、若しくは適当な流体を予め充填させている、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記患者の喉頭注入口に解剖学的に適合するように構成された、喉頭カフの表面は、患者の喉頭注入口の梨状陥凹や披裂喉頭蓋ひだで良く密封されるよう設計された突起を組み込む、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記患者の喉頭注入口に解剖学的に適合するように構成された、喉頭カフの表面は、蓋谷、喉頭蓋、披裂喉頭蓋ひだ、梨状陥凹そして甲状及び輪状軟骨の前面の周りでよく密封されるように設計された、突起を組み込む、請求項4に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 前記患者の喉頭構造に解剖学的に適合するように構成された、喉頭カフの表面は、喉頭構造に分布している極めて重要な動脈、静脈、そして神経が通過できるように設計された、溝を組み込んでいる、前記何れかの請求項に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 前記喉頭カップの遠位先端は、使用時に上部食道括約筋の上位に留まるような、大きさと形をしている、前記何れかの請求項に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 前記喉頭カップの遠位先端は、実質的に凹型である、請求項7に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 前記ラリジアルカップは、水/粘液/血液若しくは同様の物体を吸収して、喉頭注入口の解剖学的な粘膜軟骨の構造に一致するように膨らむのに適する物質、例えばタンパックス(登録商標)(タンポン)又はコンプレストジェルフォーム5に使用されるCRM(綿レーヨン混紡)のような物質といった液体から、予め形成される、請求項1から3の何れかにおいて請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器は、前記喉頭カフの開放面と実質的に同一の面にある、第一の腹側面を持ち、口腔安定器の第一の面は実質的に凹型である、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器は、前記喉頭カフと口腔安定器が一体の構造であるように、前記喉頭カフの近位端部から前記エアウェイチューブの近位端部まで伸びている、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器は、その幅Wが均一ではなく、前記喉頭カフと前記エアウェイチューブの近位端部の中間地点に位置する幅の広い地点がある、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器の幅の広い地点は、前記エアウェイチューブの近位端部よりも前記喉頭カフにより近い、請求項12に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器の最も幅の広い地点での幅Wの、同じ地点における口腔安定器の高さHに対する比率は、2.7±10%である、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記患者の舌と接触する口腔安定器の表面は、使用時に安定器と舌との抵抗を増すために、粗くなっている、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器は、大きさが調節可能である、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器は、一つのユニットから形成され、少なくともその一部は前記エアウェイチューブに対してスライド可能に組み込まれている、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器は、前記エアウェイチューブの一部として形成される、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記口腔安定器、前記エアウェイチューブ、及び前記喉頭カフは一体となったユニットとして形成される、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記喉頭カフは、Aスケールのショア硬度が40以下の物質から形成される、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 前記喉頭カフは、Aスケールのショア硬度が0から20の間の物質から形成される、請求項20に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 喉頭カフは、Aスケールのショア硬度が4から12の間の物質から形成される、請求項21に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 前記喉頭カフと前記口腔安定器の前側、腹側部分は、実質的に同じショア硬度の物質から形成される、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 装置の後ろ若しくは背面部分と装置の前側若しくは腹側部分は、異なったショア硬度の物質で形成される、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 装置の後ろ若しくは背面部分は、Aスケールのショア硬度が60未満の物質から形成される、請求項24に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 装置の後ろ若しくは背面部分は、Aスケールのショア硬度が25から45、好ましくは30から40の間の物質から形成される、請求項25に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 前記喉頭カフは膨張可能である、請求項1及び4から26の何れかの請求項に記載のエアウェイ装置。
- 装置は、更に、カフの縁から装置の近位端部まで伸びている胃管通路を組み込んでいる、前記何れかの請求項において請求されたエアウェイ装置。
- 図2から18の何れかに準拠及び図示されて、実質的に本願の書類に記載されたような、エアウェイ装置。
- エアウェイ装置の製造方法であって、(a)装置の第一の部分と第ニの部分の鋳型を形成し、
(b)コネクター周囲に第一の部分を第二の部分へ結合する、
という工程を含む、エアウェイ装置の製造方法。 - 前記第一の部分は喉頭カフの表面を組み込んでいる装置の前側、腹側部分であり、
前記第二の部分は、後側、背面部分である、請求項30に記載の方法。 - 前記第一及び前記第二の部分は、異なったショア硬度の物質から形成される、請求項30又は請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記エアウェイチューブ、前記喉頭カフ及び前記口腔安定器を有し、一個構成プラスチック成形物として装置を形成することを有する、エアウェイ装置の製造方法。
- 装置は射出成形の技術により形成される、請求項33において請求されたエアウェイ装置の製造方法。
- 請求項1から29の何れかに記載の装置の製造へ適用するような、請求項30から34の何れかに記載の製造方法。
- 実質的に本件出願書類に記載されたような製造方法。
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