JP2011256173A - 4’−c−置換−2−ハロアデノシン誘導体 - Google Patents
4’−c−置換−2−ハロアデノシン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011256173A JP2011256173A JP2011142793A JP2011142793A JP2011256173A JP 2011256173 A JP2011256173 A JP 2011256173A JP 2011142793 A JP2011142793 A JP 2011142793A JP 2011142793 A JP2011142793 A JP 2011142793A JP 2011256173 A JP2011256173 A JP 2011256173A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052801 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 nitrite ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 71
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 24
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RMFWVOLULURGJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-7h-purine Chemical class ClC1=NC(Cl)=C2NC=NC2=N1 RMFWVOLULURGJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CVDGCLGCVLHJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-difluoro-7h-purine Chemical class FC1=NC(F)=C2NC=NC2=N1 CVDGCLGCVLHJMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 101710169336 5'-deoxyadenosine deaminase Proteins 0.000 description 11
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- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 10
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- CEWGLEQAOGZESJ-WGDKSQQYSA-N (2r,3s,5r)-5-(6-amino-2-fluoropurin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC(F)=NC=2N1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@](CO)(C#N)O1 CEWGLEQAOGZESJ-WGDKSQQYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 0 C[C@@](CO)([C@@]1O)OCC1[n]1c(nc(*)nc2N)c2nc1 Chemical compound C[C@@](CO)([C@@]1O)OCC1[n]1c(nc(*)nc2N)c2nc1 0.000 description 7
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- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
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- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は、上記4’−C−置換−2−ハロアデノシン誘導体又はそれを含む医薬組成物をヒトを含む動物に投与することを特徴とするエイズの治療方法に関するものである。
このように、本発明化合物は、優れた抗HIV作用、特にAZT、DDI、DDC、D4T、3TCなどの抗HIV剤の複数の薬剤に耐性を有する多剤耐性HIV株にも有効で、細胞毒性も低く、アデノシンデアミナーゼによる不活性化に対する耐性も付与されていることから、医薬品、特にエイズ治療薬として有用である。
本発明化合物は、前記式[I]、[II]又は[III]で表されるものである。上記式中、R2のリン酸又はその誘導体残基としては、リン酸残基、ジリン酸残基、トリリン酸残基、ホスホン酸残基、及びこれらのジエステル、トリエステル等のポリエステル、モノアミデート、ジアミデート等のアミデート、チオエート、セレノエート、ボラノエート等を例示することができる。また、Xのハロゲン原子としては、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子、フッ素原子又は塩素原子を例示することができる。
2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン、4’−C−シアノ−2’−デオキシ−2−フルオロアデノシン、2−クロロ−2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニルアデノシン又は2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン5’−H−ホスホネート
2’,3’−ジデヒドロ−2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン、2’,3’−ジデヒドロ−2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−シアノ−2−フルオロアデノシン、2’,3’−ジデヒドロ−2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−クロロアデノシン又は2’,3’−ジデヒドロ−2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン5’−H−ホスホネート
2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン、2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−シアノ−2−フルオロアデノシン、2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−クロロアデノシン又は2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン5’−H−ホスホネート
また、水和物又は溶媒和物としては、本発明の化合物又はその塩1分子に対し、0.1〜3.0分子の水又は溶媒が付着したものを例示することができる。更に、本発明の化合物には、互変異性体などの各種異性体も包含されうる。
本発明化合物[I]は、以下に説明する工程により製造することができる。
第1工程;
第1工程は式[IV]で表される化合物の3’位水酸基及び5’位水酸基を保護し、式[V]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
Pで表される3’,5’位水酸基の保護基としては、水酸基の保護基として常用されているものであればよく、たとえばエーテル系保護基、アシル系保護基、シリル系保護基、アセタール系保護基などを例示することができる。より具体的には、エーテル系保護基としては、メチルエーテル、第3級ブチルエーテル、ベンジルエーテル、メトキシベンジルエーテル、トリチルエーテルなどを、アシル系保護基としてはアセチル、ベンゾイル、ピバロイルなどを、シリル系保護基としてはt−ブチルジメチルシリル、t−ブチルジフェニルシリル、トリメチルシリル、トリエチルシリルなどを、アセタール系保護基としてはイソプロピリデン、エチリデン、メチリデン、ベンジリデン、テトラヒドロピラニル、メトキシメチルなどをそれぞれ使用することができる。
第2工程は、式[V]で表される化合物の2位アミノ基をハロゲン原子へと変換し、式[VI]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
保護基の除去は、使用した保護基に応じ、酸性加水分解、アルカリ性加水分解、フッ化テトラブチルアンモニウム処理、接触還元などの通常の処理方法から適宜選択して行えばよい。
第1工程;
第1工程は式[I]で表され、R2が水素である化合物の5’位水酸基を選択的に保護し、式[VIII]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
第2工程は、式[VIII]で表される化合物の3’位水酸基を脱水し、2’,3’−2重結合とし、化合物式[VIV]とする工程である。
化合物[VIII]の3’位水酸基を脱水し、化合物[VIV]とするには、化合物[VIII]の3’位水酸基をハロゲン原子、又は、メタンスルホン酸、クロロメタンスルホン酸、トルエンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸エステルのような脱離能を有する官能基へと変換後、これを塩基処理により脱離させることで実施できる。
物を得、必要に応じてリン酸化して本発明化合物を得る。
第1工程;
第1工程は、式[X]で表される化合物の4位のヒドロキシメチル基を酸化してアルデヒド化合物とし、更にトリエチルシリルエチニル化合物、又はシアノ化合物へと変換することにより式[XI]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
第2工程は、式[XI]で表される化合物の3,5位の水酸基を保護するメトキシベンジリデン基を除去し、式[XII]で表される化合物とする工程である。
第3工程は式[XII]で表される化合物の5位水酸基を選択的に保護し、式[XIII]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
保護基の導入反応は、前記と同様の方法にて実施できる。
第4工程は式[XIII]で表される化合物の3位水酸基を還元し、式[XIV]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
第5工程は式[XIV]で表される化合物の1,2位イソプロピリデン基を除去後、生じた水酸基をアセチル化し、式[XV]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
第6工程は式[XV]で表される化合物を、2,6−ジアミノプリンと縮合し、式[XVI]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
第7工程は、式[XVI]で表される化合物の2位アミノ基をフッ素又は塩素へと変換し、式[XVII]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
第8工程は、式[XVII]で表される化合物の2’位水酸基を保護するアセチル基を除去し、式[XVIII]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
第9工程は、式[XVIII]で表される化合物の2’位水酸基を還元し、式[XIX]で表される化合物を得る工程である。
また、R2がリン酸又はその誘導体残基を示す化合物は、前記式[I]化合物と同様の方法で合成することができる。
本発明化合物は、後述の試験例に示すようにレトロウイルスに対して優れた抗ウイルス作用を有することから、これらを有効成分とする本発明組成物は医薬としての使用、具体的にはレトロウイルスの感染症の処置、特にヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)感染に起因するエイズの治療に有用である。
投与方法は、経口、非経口、経腸、局所投与などのいずれの経路でもよい。
析出した結晶をろ取、乾燥し、化合物2(0.40g、1.07mmol、93.9%)を得た。
粗製の化合物11(0.38g)をジクロロメタン(10.0mL)に溶解し、−10℃で無水トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(0.14mL,0.83mmol)、ピリジン(0.14g、1.71mmol)を加え、同温度で2時間撹拌した。反応液に飽和重曹水を加えた後、クロロホルムで抽出した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥後、減圧下濃縮し、得られた粗トリフラートを精製することなく、次の反応に用いた。
得られた粗製の化合物12をテトラヒドロフラン(10.0mL)に溶解し、1M フッ化テトラブチルアンモニウム−テトラヒドロフラン溶液(0.59mL、0.59mmol)を加え、室温で30分間撹拌した。反応液を減圧下濃縮後、クロロホルム:メタノール(10:1)を加え、析出した結晶をろ取した。化合物13(52.0mg、0.19mmol、20.0% from 化合物4)を得た。
粗アルデヒドをジクロロメタン(40.0mL)に溶解し、0℃で四臭化炭素(2.08g、6.27mmol)、トリフェニルホスフィン(3.28g、12.5mmol)を加えた後、室温で1時間撹拌した。反応液にトリエチルアミン(2.60mL、18.7mmol)を加えた後、クロロホルムで希釈し、有機層を水洗した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥後、減圧下濃縮し、残さをシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル 100mL、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=3:1)で精製した。粗ジブロモエテン(1.42g)を得た。
粗アルキンを酢酸(80.0mL)に溶解し、水(20.0mL)を加え、室温で終夜撹拌した。反応液を減圧下濃縮し、得られた残さをトルエンで共沸した。残さをシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル 50mL、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=3:1)で精製し、化合物16(0.70g、2.13mmol、64.4%)を得た。
粗チオ炭酸エステルをトルエンで3回共沸した後、トルエン(30.0mL)に溶解し、減圧脱気した。この溶液をアルゴン雰囲気下、80℃で水素化トリブチルスズ(2.61mL、9.70mmol)、少量のアゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)を加え、同条件で1時間撹拌した。反応液を減圧下濃縮後、残さをシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル 100mL、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=10:1)で精製し、化合物18(1.07g、1.94mmol、quant.)を得た。
粗チオ炭酸エステルをトルエンで3回共沸した後、トルエン(1.00mL)に溶解し、減圧脱気した。この溶液をアルゴン雰囲気下、80℃でトリス(トリメチルシリル)シラン(94.6μl、0.306mmol)、少量のアゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)を加え、同条件で1時間撹拌した。反応液を減圧下濃縮後、残さをシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル 10mL、クロロホルム:メタノール=200:1〜100:1)で精製し、化合物22(26.1mg、0.0516mmol、84.6%)を得た。
),2.83(1H,m,H−2’a),2.54(1H,m,H−3’a),2.37(1H,m,H−2’b),2.11(1H,m,H−3’b),1.00(9H,t,Et,J=8.00),0.93(9H,s,t−Bu),0.62(6H,q,Et,J=8.00),0.13(6H,s,Me).
本発明化合物 30.0mg
微粉末セルロース 25.0mg
乳糖 39.5mg
スターチ 40.0mg
タルク 5.0mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 0.5mg
上記組成から常法によって錠剤を調製する。
本発明化合物 30.0mg
乳糖 40.0mg
スターチ 15.0mg
タルク 5.0mg
上記組成から常法によってカプセル剤を調製する。
本発明化合物 30.0mg
グルコース 100.0mg
上記組成を注射用精製水に溶解して注射剤を調製する。
本発明化合物:
化合物4: 2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン
化合物8: 4’−C−シアノ−2’−デオキシ−2−フルオロアデノシン
化合物9: 2−クロロ−2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−アデノシン
化合物10:2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン5’−H−ホスホネート
化合物13:2’,3’−ジデヒドロ−2’,3’−ジデオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン
公知化合物:
AZT:アジドチミジン
EdAdo:2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニルアデノシン
EdDAP:9−(4−C−エチニル−2−デオキシ−リボペントフラノシル)−2,6−ジアミノプリン
ddAdo:2’,3’−ジデオキシアデノシン
<方法>抗ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)活性
1)MT−4細胞を用いたMTT法
1.96ウエルプレートを用いて被験薬剤を希釈する(100μl)。ここに1ウエルあたり10000個になるようにHIV−1(IIIbstrain;100TCID50)感染及び非感染MT−4細胞を加えて、37℃で5日間培養する。
2.MTT(20μl、7.5mg/mL)を加えて更に2〜3時間培養する。
3.培養終了後、120μlをとり、MTT停止液(Triton X−100 4%、HCl 0.04Nを加えたイソプロパノール(Isopropanol))を加え、撹拌して生成したホルマザン(formazam)を溶解し、540nmにおける吸光度を測定する。この測定値は生細胞数に比例するため、感染MT−4細胞を用いた試験の測定値が50%になった被験薬剤の濃度をEC50、また非感染MT−4細胞を用いた試験の測定値が50%になった被験薬剤の濃度をCC50とする。
1.HeLa CD4/LTR−beta−Gal細胞を1ウエルあたり10000個の割合で96ウエルに加える。12〜24時間後に培養液を捨て、希釈した被験薬剤(100μl)を加える。
2.各種HIV株(野生株:WT、耐性株:MDR、M184V;各50TCID50相当)を加えて48時間培養する。
3.培養終了後、1%ホルムアルデヒド(formaldehyde)、0.2%グルタールアルデヒド(glutaraldehyde)を加えたPBSで細胞を5分間固定する。
4.PBSで3回洗浄後、0.4mg/mL X−Galで1時間染色し、青く染色された細胞の数を透過型実体顕微鏡下で各ウエルのプラーク数を数え、青染された細胞を50%減少させる被験薬剤の濃度をEC50とする。
1)MT−4細胞を用いたMTT法
<方法>化合物4のアデノシンデアミナーゼに対する安定性
0.5mMの化合物4(50mM Tris−HCl緩衝液溶液(pH7.5))0.5mLに子ウシ腸管由来アデノシンデアミナーゼ 0.01unitを加え、25℃でインキュベートする。
15分ごとに反応液5μlを取り、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)により分析する。反応時間0分のときの被験薬剤のピーク面積を100%として、その経時変化を観察する。なお、HPLC分析は、以下の条件で行った。
カラム:YMC−Pack ODS−A(250×6.0mm)
溶出液:15% MeCN−50mM TEAA
流速: 1mL/min
温度: 30℃
検出: 260nm
その結果、図1に示すように、従来の2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニルアデノシン(EdAdo)は脱アミノされるに対し、本発明化合物の2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン(化合物4)は全く脱アミノされず、アデノシンデアミナーゼに対し、抵抗性を有することが明らかとなった。
<方法>化合物4の酸性条件下における安定性
化合物4(2.9mg)もしくは2’,3’−ジデオキシアデノシン(ddAdo:2.4mg)を予め37℃に暖めた試験液(塩化ナトリウム2.0gに塩酸7.0mL及び水を加えて溶かし1000mLとしたもの)10mLに溶解し、同温度でインキュベートする。
反応液100μlを取り、0.1規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で中和後、5μlをHPLCにより分析する。なお、HPLC分析条件は、試験例2と同じである。
その結果、従来のddAdoは本条件下5分ほどで約98%が分解されるのに対し(図3)、本発明化合物の2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン(化合物4)の分解は非常に遅く、酸性条件下比較的安定であることが明らかとなった(図2)。
<方法>化合物4のin vivoにおける急性毒性試験
6週齢、雄性、ICRマウスに被検薬剤(化合物4:生理食塩水に溶解又は懸濁)を一群8匹ずつ、100mg/kgまで経口あるいは静脈内投与し、7日間マウスの生死、体重を測定した。
化合物4は、単回投与では経口、静脈内いずれの投与経路でも100mg/kgまでマウスの死亡は認められなかった(下記表3)。また、図4に示すように体重減少は見られず、下痢のような症状も観察されなかったことから、本発明化合物の2’−デオキシ−4’−C−エチニル−2−フルオロアデノシン(化合物4)はマウスにおいて急性毒性を示さないことが明らかになった。
Claims (5)
- Pで示される保護基が、エーテル系保護基、アシル系保護基、シリル系保護基又はアセタール系保護基である請求項1記載の製造法。
- 化合物[V]の2位アミノ基をフッ素原子又は塩素原子に変換する手段が、亜硝酸誘導体で処理後、フッ素化試薬又は塩素化試薬を反応させる手段か、あるいは2,6位のアミノ基を亜硝酸誘導体で処理して2,6−ジフルオロプリン誘導体又は2,6−ジクロロプリン誘導体とした後、アンモニア処理により塩基部6位のフッ素原子又は塩素原子をアミノ基へとする手段である請求項1又は2記載の製造法。
- 化合物[V]の2位のアミノ基をフッ素原子又は塩素原子に変換する手段が、亜硝酸誘導体で処理後、フッ素化試薬又は塩素化試薬を反応させる手段である請求項1又は2記載の製造法。
- 化合物[V]の2位アミノ基をフッ素原子又は塩素原子に変換する手段が、テトラフルオロホウ酸中の亜硝酸ナトリウム、フッ化水素ピリジン中の亜硝酸エステル、有機溶媒中の三塩化アンチモン−亜硝酸t−ブチル、又は有機溶媒中の塩化アセチル−亜硝酸ベンジルトリエチルアンモニウムを反応させる手段である請求項4記載の製造法。
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US20090234110A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
JPWO2005090349A1 (ja) | 2008-01-31 |
US20050215512A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
US20080153774A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
DE602005005240D1 (de) | 2008-04-24 |
CA2502109A1 (en) | 2005-09-24 |
DE602005005240T2 (de) | 2009-03-12 |
EP1589026B1 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
EP1589026A1 (en) | 2005-10-26 |
CA2502109C (en) | 2010-02-23 |
JP4253342B2 (ja) | 2009-04-08 |
WO2005090349A1 (ja) | 2005-09-29 |
ATE388958T1 (de) | 2008-03-15 |
US7625877B2 (en) | 2009-12-01 |
US7339053B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 |
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ES2300892T3 (es) | 2008-06-16 |
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