JP2011168486A - アンモニアに基づく水素発生装置及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
アンモニアに基づく水素発生装置及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011168486A JP2011168486A JP2011084935A JP2011084935A JP2011168486A JP 2011168486 A JP2011168486 A JP 2011168486A JP 2011084935 A JP2011084935 A JP 2011084935A JP 2011084935 A JP2011084935 A JP 2011084935A JP 2011168486 A JP2011168486 A JP 2011168486A
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- hydrogen
- adsorbent
- reactor
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 534
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 265
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 222
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title abstract description 221
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 212
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 147
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 104
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 97
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 53
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 174
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 86
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 55
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 46
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 34
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 34
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001119 inconels 625 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002543 FeCrAlY Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- SPVXKVOXSXTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N selane Chemical compound [SeH2] SPVXKVOXSXTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000058 selane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylthiol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)S WMXCDAVJEZZYLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
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- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
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- B01J2219/00155—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
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- B01J2219/2461—Heat exchange aspects
- B01J2219/2462—Heat exchange aspects the reactants being in indirect heat exchange with a non reacting heat exchange medium
- B01J2219/2464—Independent temperature control in various sections of the reactor
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- B01J2219/2465—Two reactions in indirect heat exchange with each other
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- B01J2219/2466—The same reactant stream undergoing different reactions, endothermic or exothermic
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- B01J2219/2461—Heat exchange aspects
- B01J2219/2467—Additional heat exchange means, e.g. electric resistance heaters, coils
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Abstract
【解決手段】典型的な方法および装置は、触媒によって覆した担体を含んでいる反応室、および触媒によって被覆した担体を含んでいる燃焼室を備える熱触媒水素発生器からなる。典型的な触媒によって被覆した担体としては、特に限定されるものではないが、金属フォーム、モノリス、セラミックフォームまたはセラミックモノリスが挙げられる。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は、米国陸軍研究所との契約(契約番号:DAAD19−01−C−0002)の下になされたものであり、米国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
本発明は概して化学技術に関する。より詳細には、本発明はアンモニア源からのアンモニアの分解により水素ガスを発生させる装置及び方法に関する。
2NH3+エネルギー → N2+3H2
(項目1)
アンモニア供給源;
燃焼室と、これと熱交換関係にある反応室とを含む熱触媒水素発生反応器;
アンモニアをアンモニア供給源から反応室に輸送するためのアンモニア供給ライン;
水素を反応室から輸送するための反応生成物供給ライン;
可燃性流体を燃焼室に輸送するための燃焼流体供給ライン;
燃焼副生成物を燃焼室から輸送するための燃焼室副生成物排気ライン;
上記反応器に操作上接続した熱源を備え、
上記水素発生反応器が頂板、底板並びに頂板と底板の間に配置した第一及び第二の対向面を有する分離板とを備え、
上記頂板及び上記分離板の第一表面が一緒に上記反応器を画成し、
上記底板及び上記分離板の第二表面が一緒に上記燃焼室を画成し、
上記反応室又は燃焼室の少なくとも一つに複数のチャネルを設けることを特徴とするアンモニアに基づく水素発生装置。
(項目2)
上記分離板の第一表面に面する上記頂板の表面が、そこから上記反応室中の分離板の方に延在する相互に離隔したフィンの第一のセットを含み、該第一のセットのフィンが第一の複数の反応チャネルを画成し;並びに
上記分離板の第二表面に面する上記底板の表面が、そこから上記燃焼室中の分離板の第二表面の方に延在する相互に離隔したフィンの第二のセットを含み、該第二のセットのフィンが第二の複数の燃焼チャネルを画成する項目1に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目3)
上記チャネルの各セットが、上記熱触媒水素発生器の一端から該熱触媒水素発生器の対向端へのガス流路を作る項目2に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目4)
上記燃焼室及び上記反応室の少なくとも一つが触媒被覆基板を含む項目1に記載の水素発生器。
(項目5)
上記触媒被覆基板が、金属フォーム、モノリス、メッシュ、セラミックフォーム又はセラミックモノリス又はそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも一つである項目4に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目6)
上記触媒被覆基板が、約0.2mmから約3.0mmの近似孔径を有する流路を含む項目5に記載の水素発生器。
(項目7)
上記触媒被覆基板が約0.5mmから約2.0mmの近似孔径を有する項目5に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目8)
上記燃焼室の流路内に配置した燃焼触媒を更に備える項目2に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目9)
上記反応室の流路内に配置したアンモニア分解触媒を更に備える項目2に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目10)
複数の吸着剤供給源を、水素から残留アンモニアを除去するための反応生成物供給ラインと流体接続する項目1に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目11)
上記複数の吸着剤供給源が、少なくとも第一、第二及び第三の吸着剤供給源と、上記反応生成物供給ラインから上記第一、第二又は第三の吸着剤供給源又はそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも一つに選択的に流れを指向させるための第一、第二及び第三のバルブとを備える項目10に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目12)
上記第一、第二又は第三の吸着剤供給源の少なくとも一つがアンモニアを吸着している間に、該第一、第二又は第三の吸着剤供給源の少なくとも一つが再生されるように構成する項目11に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目13)
上記燃焼触媒が、少なくとも一つの貴金属を含む項目8に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目14)
上記アンモニア分解触媒が、少なくとも一つの貴金属を含む項目8に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目15)
上記吸着剤供給源の少なくとも一つが、モレキュラーシーブ吸着剤を含む項目10又は11に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目16)
上記反応生成物供給ラインと流体接続した膜ユニットを更に備え、該膜ユニットが反応生成物流からアンモニアを選択的に除去する項目1に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目17)
上記燃焼室への空気供給を上記膜ユニット下流側又は浸透側を通して行う項目16に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目18)
水素精製ユニットを上記反応生成物供給ラインと流体接続する項目1に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目19)
上記水素精製ユニットが、水素分離膜ユニットである項目18に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目20)
上記水素精製ユニットが、水素化物圧縮機である項目18に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目21)
上記水素精製ユニットが、圧力スイング吸着ユニットである項目18に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目22)
上記燃焼室中に配置した燃焼触媒を更に備え、該燃焼触媒が含貴金属燃焼触媒である項目10に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目23)
上記反応室内に配置したアンモニア分解触媒を更に備え、該アンモニア分解触媒が含貴金属分解触媒である項目10に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目24)
上記触媒被覆基板が透過性で、約0.2mmから約3.0mmの範囲の孔径を有する流路を備える項目4に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目25)
アンモニア供給源;
頂板、底板、頂板と底板との間に配置した反応室及び燃焼室を備え、上記燃焼室が触媒被覆基板を含み、また上記反応室が触媒被覆基板を含み、該基板が金属フォーム、モノリス、メッシュ、セラミックフォーム又はモノリスの少なくとも一つであり、かつ上記基板が約0.2から約3.0mmの近似孔径又は流径を有し、上記反応室内の基板が約600℃以下のライトオフ温度を有するアンモニア分解触媒を含み、上記燃焼室内の基板が約600℃以下のライトオフ温度を有する燃焼触媒を含むことからなる熱触媒水素発生器;
アンモニアをアンモニア供給源から反応室に輸送するためのアンモニア供給ライン;
水素を上記反応室から輸送するための反応生成物供給ライン;
可燃性流体を上記燃焼室に輸送するための燃焼流体供給ライン;
燃焼副生成物を上記燃焼室から輸送するための燃焼副生成物排気ライン;
上記熱触媒水素発生反応器と熱交換関係にある炭化水素燃焼器;
反応生成物供給ラインに接続した吸着剤供給源、
上記燃焼副生成物排気ライン及び空気供給ラインに操作上接続した熱交換器;
上記反応生成物供給ライン及び上記アンモニア供給ラインに操作上接続した熱交換器;並びに
陽極及び陰極を有し、上記反応生成物供給ラインと流体接続した燃料電池を備えることを特徴とするアンモニアに基づく水素発生装置。
(項目26)
複数の吸着剤供給源が上記反応生成物供給ラインと流体接続する項目25に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目27)
上記反応生成物供給ラインと流体接続した水素精製ユニットからの排気ガスを上記燃焼室に送る項目25に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目28)
上記吸着剤供給源がモレキュラーシーブ吸着剤供給源である項目25に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目29)
上記モレキュラーシーブ吸着剤供給ユニットの再生中に生成した排出ガスを上記燃焼室に送る項目25に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目30)
水素精製ユニットを吸着剤供給源と上記燃料電池の間に配置し、かつ操作上接続する項目25に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目31)
上記燃料電池の陽極側からの排気を上記燃焼室に送る項目25に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目32)
上記アンモニア供給源が、アンモニアを取り込み、その後放出することが可能な固形物を含む少なくとも一つのアンモニア貯蔵タンクである項目25に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目33)
上記水素精製ユニットが圧力スイング吸着ユニットである項目30に記載の水素発生装置。
(項目34)
アンモニアを熱触媒水素発生装置の反応室に導入し、ここで該反応器が頂板、底板、頂板と底板の間に反応室及び燃焼室を備え、該反応室及び燃焼室が互いに熱交換関係にあり、上記反応室が触媒被覆基板を含み、該触媒被覆基板が金属フォーム、モノリス、メッシュ、セラミックフォーム又はモノリス若しくはそれらの組み合わせの少なくとも一つで、かつ該基板が約0.2から約3.0mmの孔径及び流径を有し;
上記反応器に熱を供給し;
上記反応器中のアンモニアを約550℃から約650℃の間の温度に加熱して該アンモニアを水素及び窒素を含む反応生成物に分解し;並びに
上記反応生成物を上記反応器から除去することを備えることを特徴とする水素の発生方法。
(項目35)
上記反応生成物を精製して高純度の水素を得る工程を更に備える項目34に記載の方法。
(項目36)
上記反応器へのアンモニア導入前に該アンモニアを予熱すること更に備える項目34に記載の方法。
(項目37)
上記供給工程が、アンモニアを燃焼して上記反応器に熱を供給することを更に備える項目34に記載の方法。
(項目38)
上記供給工程が、炭化水素燃料を燃焼して上記反応器に熱を供給することを更に備える項目34に記載の方法。
(項目39)
上記炭化水素燃料を上記燃焼室に導入する前に、該炭化水素燃料を硫黄吸着体に流すことにより上記炭化水素燃料中の硫黄不純物を除去する項目38に記載の方法。
(項目40)
上記反応生成物を吸着剤供給源に通す工程を更に備え、ここで上記反応生成物が残留アンモニアを含み、該残留アンモニアを吸着剤供給源に上記反応生成物を通すことによって除去する項目34に記載の方法。
(項目41)
上記熱供給工程が、上記燃焼触媒の温度が200℃から300℃に達するまで水素を用いて該燃焼触媒を介して室温ライトオフを達成し、その後炭化水素燃料又はアンモニア燃料を燃焼することによって熱を供給することを備える項目34に記載の方法。
(項目42)
上記水素を少なくとも一つの水素化物貯蔵ユニットから供給する項目41に記載の方法。
(項目43)
上記少なくとも一つの水素化物貯蔵ユニットを上記水素精製ユニットを出る水素で再補給する工程を更に備える項目42に記載の方法。
(項目44)
上記高純度水素が99.99%超の水素である項目35に記載の方法。
(項目45)
上記高純度水素を燃料電池に利用する工程を更に備える項目44に記載の方法。
(項目46)
上記高純度水素を貯蔵する工程を更に備える項目35に記載の方法。
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US7867300B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
WO2006113451A2 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
JP4990267B2 (ja) | 2012-08-01 |
KR100964852B1 (ko) | 2010-06-24 |
EP1874680A2 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
US20060112636A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
JP5457395B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
KR20080016805A (ko) | 2008-02-22 |
EP1874680A4 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
JP2008536795A (ja) | 2008-09-11 |
WO2006113451A3 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
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