JP2010523651A - 改善された心血管副作用プロフィールを呈する、ドーパミン受容体安定剤/調節剤のn−オキシド誘導体及び/又はジ−n−オキシド誘導体 - Google Patents
改善された心血管副作用プロフィールを呈する、ドーパミン受容体安定剤/調節剤のn−オキシド誘導体及び/又はジ−n−オキシド誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
特定のモルフィナン誘導体のN−オキシドは従来技術において知られており、例えばTiffanyは、米国特許第2,813,097号で、3−ヒドロキシ−N−メチル−モルフィナンN−オキシド及び鎮痛薬としてのその有用性を開示している。Tiffanyは米国特許第2,813,098号で、3−メトキシ−N−メチルモルフィナンN−オキシド及び鎮咳薬としてのその有用性を開示している。これらのN−オキシドは対応する第3級アミンより高い治療指数を有することが提示されているが、3−ヒドロキシ−N−メチルモルフィナンのN−オキシドが、親化合物と比較して改善された経口生物学的利用能を有し得ることは示唆されていない。
ドーパミンは脳内の神経伝達物質である。1950年に行われたこの発見以来、脳におけるドーパミンの機能が熱心に探究された。今日まで、運動機能、認知機能、感覚機能、情緒機能及び自律的(例えば、食欲、体温、睡眠の制御)機能を含めて、脳機能のいくつかの側面において、ドーパミンが不可欠であることが非常に確立されている。したがって、ドーパミン作動性機能の調節は、脳機能に影響を与える広範囲の障害の治療において有益であり得る。実際、神経性障害及び精神障害の両方が、脳内のドーパミン系及びドーパミン受容体との相互作用に基づいた薬物療法で治療されている。
(式中、Aは、
からなる群から選択され、一般式(1)
の化合物及び一般式(2)
の化合物をそれぞれ形成し、
R1は、CF3、OSO2CF3、OSO2CH3、SOR4、SO2R4、COR4、CN、OR4、NO2、CONHR4、3−チオフェン、2−チオフェン、3−フラン、2−フラン、F、Cl、Br及びIからなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、ここでR4は下記で定義した通りであり、
R2は、フェニルの2位、4位、5位又は6位における、H、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、CF3、CH3、OCH3、OH、NH2、SOmCF3、O(CH2)mCF3、SO2N(R4)2、CH=NOR4、COCOOR4、COCOON(R4)2、(C1〜C8)アルキル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、CH2OR4、CH2(R4)2、NR4SO2CF3、NO2からなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、ここでx及びR4は下記で定義した通りであり、
R3は、水素、CF3、CH2CF3、(C1〜C8)アルキル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(C4〜C9)シクロアルキルメチル、(C2〜C8)アルケニル、(C2〜C8)アルキニル、3,3,3−トリ−フルオロプロピル、4,4,4−トリフルオロブチル、CH2SCH3、CH2CH2OCH3、CH2CH2CH2F、CH2CF3、フェニルエチル、2−チオフェンエチル及び3−チオフェンエチルからなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、
R4は、CF3、CH2CF3、(C1〜C8)アルキル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(C4〜C9)シクロアルキル−メチル、(C2〜C8)アルケニル、(C2〜C8)アルキニル、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル、4,4,4−トリフルオロブチル、2−テトラヒドロフラン及び3−テトラヒドロフランからなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、
Xは、N及びsp3−ハイブリッドCからなる群から選択され、
Yは、O、及びR3がHを表す場合OHからなる群から選択され、
Zは、Xがsp3−ハイブリッドCである場合、H及びOHからなる群から選択され、又はZは、XがNである場合、O若しくは孤立電子対を表し、
点線は、Xがsp2−ハイブリッドCである場合、結合を表し、又はXがNである場合は存在しない。
mは、整数1又は2であり、
nは整数1〜3であり、
ただし、式1におけるnは2であり、R1はSO2CH3であり、R2はHであり、R3はn−プロピルを表さない)
を有する、ドーパミン受容体安定剤/調節剤のN−オキシド誘導体及び/又はジ−N−オキシド誘導体に関する。
N−酸化のための出発原料として使用される中間体(N−オキシドがない式1及び式2の化合物)の合成は、特許国際出願第92/18475号及び米国特許出願第2003/0004169 A1号に記載されている。
一般
IRスペクトルは、ATI−マットソン、ジェネシスシリーズFTIR分光計で得た。NMRスペクトルは、バリアンのジェミニ300分光計で得た。化学シフトは、δ値(ppm)で報告している。質量スペクトル(ES)は、PEサイエックスAPI 3000LCMS/MSシステム質量分析計で記録した。質量スペクトル(EI)は、島津のGC−17A GCMS−QP50000 CP−Sil 5−CB 低ブリード/MS 15m/0.25mm ID/0.10μm GC−MSシステム、オートサンプラー/インジェクター AOS−20で記録した。ガスクロマトグラフィーは、HP 5890シリーズII CP−Sil 5−CBクロムパック 15m/0.25mm ID/0.10μmのガスクロマトグラフで行った。水素ガス圧力での接触還元は、ゲルハルトのParr装置で行った。旋光度は、パーキンエルマーの241旋光計で行った。HPLCは、ウォーターズのキラルPAK ADカラムで行った。
3−ブロモアニソール(14.824g、79.26mmol)を、Na上で乾燥させたジエチルエーテル160mLに溶解した。3−ブロモアニソールの乾燥ジエチルエーテル溶液のおよそ10%を、乾燥した500mL三つ口フラスコ中のマグネシウム(1.927g、79.27mmol)及び数個のヨウ素結晶に、撹拌しながら窒素雰囲気中で添加した。ほぼ瞬時に、H2ガスが見られた。褐色混合物が無色に変わった。3−ブロモアニソールの乾燥ジエチルエーテル残留溶液を、滴下により添加した。この間及びこの後で、ガス形成が認められた。1時間後、多量の白色沈殿物が認められた。1−ベンジル−3−ピペリドン(5.000g、26.42mmol)を、乾燥ジエチルエーテル120mL中に溶解し、反応混合物に30℃で滴下により添加した。きれいな白色/黄色の沈殿物が、より粗くなり茶色がかった。撹拌を室温で1時間続けた。次いで、懸濁液を三角フラスコ中に注ぎ、飽和NH4Cl溶液150mLを添加した。酢酸エチル約50mLを添加して、三つ口フラスコを洗浄した。懸濁液を5分間撹拌した。有機層を分離し、水層をジエチルエーテルで3回抽出した。有機層を回収し、ブラインで洗浄し、終夜NaSO4上で乾燥した。溶液をろ過し、溶媒を蒸発させた。残渣(約12.000g)をエーテルで1回抽出し、溶媒を蒸発させた。収量:7.6g(32%)。
3−ベンジル−1−(3−メトキシ−フェニル)−シクロヘキサノール(8)(7.640g、25.72mmol)を、50mLフラスコ中のTFA 20mL中に、撹拌しながら窒素雰囲気中で溶解した。3時間、反応混合物を撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物を終夜加熱還流した。その後、反応を停止させ、TFAを除去した。残留油を、50%に希釈した飽和NaHCO3溶液で塩基性化し、CH2Cl2で2回抽出した。有機層を回収し、Na2SO4上で乾燥させ、溶媒を蒸発させた。ダーク油を、勾配カラムクロマトグラフィー(SiO2、CH2Cl2、CH2Cl2:MeOH 1:1)によって精製した。画分23〜27が所望の生成物を含有していた。収量:4.9g(64%)。
(4580mg、16.42mmol)を、窒素雰囲気中で、エタノール100mL及びPd/C 300mgとともにParrフラスコに入れた。該フラスコをParr還元装置に取り付け、1と3/4時間3バールのH2圧力で振盪したままにした。反応混合物を次いでろ過し、溶媒をロタベーパー上にて真空中で蒸発させた。次いで、(−)−ジベンゾイル−L−酒石酸一水和物(5750mg、15.28mmol)及びメタノール60mLを添加した。反応混合物を、1/2時間撹拌しながら還流した。一部のメタノールを加熱することによって蒸発させ、ジエチルエーテル数mLを添加した。反応混合物を放置冷却し、5夜にわたって放置した。白色結晶が橙色溶液中に現れた。懸濁液をデカントした。結晶を、氷上の冷やしたメタノール中で撹拌した。懸濁液をろ過し、乾燥させた。残留橙色溶液を、(+)−ジベンゾイル−D−酒石酸一水和物(5370mg、14.99mmol)を使用してもう一度結晶化した。現れた白色析出物を、そのエナンチオマーと同じ方法で処理した。収量(+):2.8g(60%)。収量(−):2.7g(59%)。α=−44;
3−メチルスルファニルブロモベンゼンのグリニャール試薬を少量(約50mg)生成し、n−プロピル−3−ピペリドンと反応させ、4−(3−メチルスルファニル−フェニル)−1−プロピル−ピペリジン−4−オールを形成し、これを還流しているTFA中で脱水し、その後mCPBAで酸化した。約10mLのCH2Cl2、10mLのCH2Cl2:MeOH(40:1)及び最後に10mLのCH2Cl2:MeOH(20:1)で溶出する、中性Al2O3を充填したパスツールピペットの先端部に、反応混合物を塗った。ほぼ純粋な(>90%)4−(3−メタンスルホニル−フェニル)−1−プロピル−1,2,3,6−テトラヒドロ−ピリジン−N−オキシドを含有する画分(14,MS API直接注入)は、M+1=296を示した。
ラット線条体標準微小透析実験における微小透析を、自由に行動しているラットにおいてオンラインで行った。線条体をリンゲル液及びドーパミンで灌流し、DOPAC及び5−HIAAを電気化学的検出HPLCによって定量化した。
最初に、50μmol/kgを経口投与した結果、約45分後にドーパミン(DA)濃度がかなり上昇し、3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル酢酸(DO−PAC)濃度が僅かに上昇した。180分(3時間)100μmol/kg ACR16 N−オキシドを経口投与した。ほとんど直後に、ドーパミンの濃度が、240分(4時間)後に対照の250%より高い最大高さでピークまで上昇する。3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル酢酸(DOPAC)濃度も上がる。
対照化合物の試験結果
(−)−3−PPP トリフレートをここに示す:経口投与した(−)−3−PPP トリフレートは100μmol/kgであった。ほとんど直後に、ドーパミン(DA)及び3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル酢酸(DOPAC)濃度の上昇が、約150分(2.5時間)後、最大約175%まで認められる。5−ヒドロキシインドール酢酸(HIAA)の濃度は約100%であった。約195分(3.25時間)後に、ドーパミン及び3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル酢酸(DOPAC)の両濃度が減少する。
S−3−PPP トリフレート−N−オキシドの試験結果をここに示す:経口投与したS−3−PPP トリフレート−N−オキシドは100μmol/kgであった。ほとんど直後に、ドーパミン(DA)及び3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル−酢酸(DOPAC)濃度の上昇が、それぞれ約120分(2時間)後、最大約230%及び150%まで認められる。これらの濃度は、実験(6時間)全体にわたり一定であった。5−ヒドロキシインドール酢酸(HIAA)の濃度は約100%であった。
この特定ラットの線条体から薬物試料を回収できるように、ホスパルの膜プローブと比較して、「反対側の」線条体中に挿入した「中空繊維」膜の微小透析プローブもラットに与えた(上記を参照のこと)。
Claims (39)
- 次の一般式を有する化合物、及び医薬として許容できるその塩
(式中、Aは、
からなる群から選択され、一般式(1)
の化合物及び一般式(2)
の化合物をそれぞれ形成し、
R1は、CF3、OSO2CF3、OSO2CH3、SOR4、SO2R4、COR4、CN、OR4、NO2、CONHR4、3−チオフェン、2−チオフェン、3−フラン、2−フラン、F、Cl、Br及びIからなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、ここでR4は下記で定義した通りであり、
R2は、フェニルの2位、4位、5位又は6位における、H、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、CF3、CH3、OCH3、OH、NH2、SOmCF3、O(CH2)mCF3、SO2N(R4)2、CH=NOR4、COCOOR4、COCOON(R4)2、(C1〜C8)アルキル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、CH2OR4、CH2(R4)2、NR4SO2CF3、NO2からなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、ここでx及びR4は下記で定義した通りであり、
R3は、水素、CF3、CH2CF3、(C1〜C8)アルキル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(C4〜C9)シクロアルキルメチル、(C2〜C8)アルケニル、(C2〜C8)アルキニル、3,3,3−トリ−フルオロプロピル、4,4,4−トリフルオロブチル、CH2SCH3、CH2CH2OCH3、CH2CH2CH2F、CH2CF3、フェニルエチル、2−チオフェンエチル及び3−チオフェンエチルからなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、
R4は、CF3、CH2CF3、(C1〜C8)アルキル、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキル、(C4〜C9)シクロアルキル−メチル、(C2〜C8)アルケニル、(C2〜C8)アルキニル、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル、4,4,4−トリフルオロブチル、2−テトラヒドロフラン及び3−テトラヒドロフランからなる群から選択されるメンバーであり、
Xは、N及びsp3−ハイブリッドCからなる群から選択され、
Yは、O、及びR3がHを表す場合OHからなる群から選択され、
Zは、Xがsp3−ハイブリッドCである場合H及びOHからなる群から選択され、又はZは、XがNである場合O若しくは孤立電子対を表し、
点線は、Xがsp2−ハイブリッドCである場合結合を表し、又はXがNである場合存在せず、
mは、整数1又は2であり、
nは整数1〜3であり、
ただし、式1におけるnは2であり、R1はSO2CH3であり、R2はHであり、R3はn−プロピルを表さない)。 - R1が、CN、SO2CH3又はOSO2CF3を表す、請求項1に記載の式(1)の化合物。
- ZがOを表す、請求項2に記載の式(1)の化合物。
- Xがsp3−ハイブリッドCである、請求項1に記載の式(2)の化合物。
- R1がSO2CH3である、請求項1又は請求項4に記載の式(2)の化合物。
- YがOを表す、請求項5に記載の式(2)の化合物。
- R2が、CH3、F及びClからなる群から選択される、請求項1又は4から6までのいずれか一項に記載の式(2)の化合物。
- R3がn−プロピル及びエチルからなる群から選択される、請求項1及び4から7までのいずれか一項に記載の式(2)の化合物。
- 活性成分として、請求項1から8までのいずれか一項において定義した通りの化合物又は医薬として許容できるその塩を、医薬として許容できる担体又は希釈剤と一緒に含む医薬製剤。
- 中枢神経系における障害の治療における使用のための、請求項9に記載の医薬製剤。
- ドーパミン媒介障害の治療における使用のための、請求項9又は10に記載の医薬製剤。
- 医原性及び非医原性のパーキンソニズム、ジスキネジー及びジストニア、チック、振戦、トゥレット病、吃音並びに他の会話障害などの運動障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療における使用のための、請求項9に記載の医薬製剤。
- 統合失調症及び統合失調症様障害を含む、医原性及び非医原性の精神病及び幻覚症からなる群から選択される状態の治療における使用のための、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- マノうつ病、うつ病及び強迫疾患を含む、気分障害及び不安障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療における使用のための、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 注意欠陥障害、自閉障害、動作緩慢及び思考緩慢、並びに認知機能障害を含む、神経発達障害及び加齢性障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療における使用のための、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 睡眠障害、性的障害、摂食障害、肥満、並びに頭痛及び他の疼痛からなる群から選択される状態の治療における使用のための、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 神経変性障害及び発達障害における運動機能、認知機能及び関連情緒障害の改善における、並びに外傷性、中毒性、炎症性、感染性、腫瘍性、血管、低酸素性又は代謝性原因によって誘発される脳傷害後の統合失調症及び統合失調症様障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療における使用のための、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 化学物質関連障害の治療における使用のための、請求項9に記載の医薬組成物。
- 中枢神経系における障害の治療用医薬組成物の製造のための、請求項1から8までのいずれか一項において定義した通りの式(1)若しくは式(2)の化合物又は医薬として許容できるその塩の使用。
- 前記医薬組成物がドーパミン媒介障害の治療用である、請求項19に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬組成物が、医原性及び非医原性のパーキンソニズム、ジスキネジー及びジストニア、チック、振戦、トゥレット症候群、吃音並びに他の会話障害などの運動障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療用である、請求項19又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬組成物が、統合失調症及び統合失調症様障害を含む、医原性及び非医原性の精神病及び幻覚症からなる群から選択される状態の治療用である、請求項19又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬組成物が、マノうつ病、うつ病及び強迫疾患を含む、気分障害及び不安障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療用である、請求項19又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬組成物が、注意欠陥障害、自閉障害、動作緩慢及び思考緩慢、並びに認知機能障害を含む、神経発達障害及び加齢性障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療用である、請求項19又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬組成物が、睡眠障害、性的障害、摂食障害、肥満、並びに頭痛、及び他の疼痛からなる群から選択される状態の治療用である、請求項19又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬組成物が、神経変性障害及び発達障害における運動機能、認知機能及び関連情緒障害の改善用、並びに外傷性、中毒性、炎症性、感染性、腫瘍性、血管、低酸素性又は代謝性原因によって誘発される脳傷害後の統合失調症及び統合失調症様障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療用である、請求項19又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬組成物が化学物質関連障害の治療用である、請求項19に記載の使用。
- 前記化合物が、R1がSO2CH3を表し、R2がHを表し、R3がnプロピルを表し、及びnが2を表す、請求項1において定義した通りの式(1)の化合物である、請求項19又は請求項20に記載の使用。
- 患者の中枢神経系における障害を治療する方法であって、請求項1から8までのいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は医薬として許容できるその塩の医薬として活性な量が前記患者に投与される方法。
- ドーパミン媒介障害の治療のための、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 医原性及び非医原性のパーキンソニズム、ジスキネジー及びジストニア、チック、振戦、トゥレット症候群、吃音並びに他の会話障害などの運動障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療のための、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
- 統合失調症及び統合失調症様障害を含む、医原性及び非医原性の精神病及び幻覚症からなる群から選択される状態の治療のための、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
- マノうつ病、うつ病及び強迫疾患を含む、気分障害及び不安障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療のための、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
- 注意欠陥障害、自閉障害、動作緩慢及び思考緩慢、並びに認知機能障害を含む、神経発達障害及び加齢性障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療のための、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
- 睡眠障害、性的障害、摂食障害、肥満、並びに頭痛及び他の疼痛からなる群から選択される状態の治療のための、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
- 神経変性障害及び発達障害における運動機能、認知機能及び関連情緒障害の改善のための、並びに外傷性、中毒性、炎症性、感染性、腫瘍性、血管、低酸素性又は代謝性原因によって誘発される脳傷害後の統合失調症及び統合失調症様障害からなる群から選択される状態の治療のための、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
- 化学物質関連障害の治療のための、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、経口で50〜500mg/70kg、又は非経口で0.5から50mg/70kgの治療有効量で患者に投与される、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記化合物が、R1がSO2CH3を表し、R2がHを表し、R3がn−プロピルを表し、及びnが2を表す、請求項1に記載の式(1)の化合物である、請求項29又は請求項30に記載の方法。
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PCT/SE2008/050414 WO2008127188A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 | 2008-04-11 | N-oxide and/or di-n-oxide derivatives of dopamine receptor stabilizers/modulators displaying improved cardiovascular side-effects profiles |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2013544838A (ja) * | 2010-12-03 | 2013-12-19 | アラーガン インコーポレイテッド | 網膜の疾患を治療するための方法 |
JP2017519839A (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-07-20 | テバ ファーマシューティカル インダストリーズ リミティド | プリドピジンの類似体、それらの製造および使用 |
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WO2011107583A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2011-09-09 | Nsab, Filial Af Neurosearch Sweden Ab, Sverige | Substituted 4-phenyl-n-alkyl-piperidines for preventing onset or slowing progression of neurodegenerative disorders |
US20130197031A1 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2013-08-01 | IVAX International GmbH | Deuterated analogs of pridopidine useful as dopaminergic stabilizers |
BR112014005389A8 (pt) | 2011-09-07 | 2018-04-03 | Ivax Int Gmbh | Sal cloridrato de 4- (3-metanossulfonil-fenil) -1- propil-piperidina em uma forma cristalina, composição farmacêutica compreendendo o mesmo e usos do dito sal |
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CA3050700C (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2023-10-03 | Prilenia Neurotherapeutics Ltd. | Use of pridopidine for the treatment of fragile x syndrome |
ES2938546T3 (es) | 2017-08-14 | 2023-04-12 | Prilenia Neurotherapeutics Ltd | Método de tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica con pridopidina |
CN111278431A (zh) | 2017-08-30 | 2020-06-12 | 普瑞尼亚神经治疗有限公司 | 普利多匹定的高浓度剂型 |
AU2018329628B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2021-04-22 | Prilenia Neurotherapeutics Ltd. | Pridopidine for treating drug induced dyskinesias |
US12036213B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2024-07-16 | Prilenia Neurotherapeutics Ltd. | Pridopidine for treating drug induced dyskinesias |
CN116472043A (zh) * | 2020-10-20 | 2023-07-21 | 普瑞尼亚神经治疗有限公司 | 普利多匹定和类似物用于治疗焦虑和抑郁的用途 |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2013544838A (ja) * | 2010-12-03 | 2013-12-19 | アラーガン インコーポレイテッド | 網膜の疾患を治療するための方法 |
JP2017519839A (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-07-20 | テバ ファーマシューティカル インダストリーズ リミティド | プリドピジンの類似体、それらの製造および使用 |
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RU2470013C2 (ru) | 2012-12-20 |
EP2146961B1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
SI2146961T1 (sl) | 2014-08-29 |
NZ580856A (en) | 2011-11-25 |
RU2009141300A (ru) | 2011-05-20 |
IL201401A0 (en) | 2010-05-31 |
ES2458592T3 (es) | 2014-05-06 |
AU2008239841A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
CY1115337T1 (el) | 2017-01-04 |
PL2146961T3 (pl) | 2014-09-30 |
US9139525B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
CN101711236A (zh) | 2010-05-19 |
EP2146961A4 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
PT2146961E (pt) | 2014-04-30 |
CN101711236B (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
AU2008239841B2 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
JP5393654B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2146961A1 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
CA2683719A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
US20100105736A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
DK2146961T3 (da) | 2014-04-28 |
HRP20140380T1 (hr) | 2014-08-15 |
CA2683719C (en) | 2015-07-14 |
MX2009011020A (es) | 2009-10-30 |
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LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |