WO2003064393A1 - Thio-carbostyril derivative, its n-oxides and the n-oxides of aripiprazole - Google Patents

Thio-carbostyril derivative, its n-oxides and the n-oxides of aripiprazole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003064393A1
WO2003064393A1 PCT/SE2003/000164 SE0300164W WO03064393A1 WO 2003064393 A1 WO2003064393 A1 WO 2003064393A1 SE 0300164 W SE0300164 W SE 0300164W WO 03064393 A1 WO03064393 A1 WO 03064393A1
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oxides
aripiprazole
thio
carbostyril derivative
pharmaceutical composition
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PCT/SE2003/000164
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French (fr)
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Håkan WIKSTRÖM
Durk Dijkstra
Yi Liao
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Axon Biochemicals B.V.
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Publication of WO2003064393A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003064393A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
    • C07D215/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4
    • C07D215/227—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4 only one oxygen atom which is attached in position 2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/36—Sulfur atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6581—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6584—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms having one phosphorus atom as ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/65842—Cyclic amide derivatives of acids of phosphorus, in which one nitrogen atom belongs to the ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole. More particularly, the invention relates to a novel thio- carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof, processes for preparing said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions for treating e.g. schizophrenia containing, as the active ingredient, said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole or salts thereof.
  • Schizophrenia is the most common type of psychosis caused by an excessive neurotransmission activity of the dopaminergic nervous system in the central nervous system. [Cf. "Hypothesis of Excessive Dopamine” by Michio Tohru : TAISHA (Metabo- lism) , Vol. 22, pp. 49, (1985); and Pharmacia Review, No. 10, "KOKORO-TO-KUSURI (Mind and Drugs) " edited by Pharmaceutical Society of Japan] .
  • a number of drugs having the ability to block the neuro- transmission of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system, have been developed.
  • examples of said drugs are phe- nothiazine-type compounds such as Chlorpromazine; butyrophe- none-type compounds such as Haloperidol ; and benzamide-type compounds such as Sulpiride.
  • phe- nothiazine-type compounds such as Chlorpromazine
  • butyrophe- none-type compounds such as Haloperidol
  • benzamide-type compounds such as Sulpiride.
  • Drugs known in the prior art for treating schizophrenia induce a number of side-effects.
  • side-effects are those induced by phenothiazine-type drugs, i.e. the or- thostatic hypotension and hypersedation on the basis of strong alpha-blocking activity; and in the case of drugs hav- ing strong activity for blocking neurotransmission of dopa- minergic receptor, the side-effects are so-called extrapyra- midal side-effects such as catalepsy, akathisia, dystonia and the like caused by blocking the neurotransmission of dopamine receptors in the striatum.
  • carbostyril derivatives for therapeutical use has also been disclosed.
  • carbostyril derivatives known in prior art are those disclosed in: EP-A-0367141 , Publication date: 1990-05-09, Applicant (s) : OTSUKA PHARMA CO LTD (JP) , Priority Number (s) : JP19880276953 19881031.
  • JP Applicant
  • Priority Number s
  • JP19880276953 JP19880276953 19881031.
  • the "3 rd generation anti-psychotic" Aripiprazole emanates from that patent application.
  • carbostyril derivatives disclosed in US-A- 4,234,585 and EP-A-226,441 have chemical structural formula similar to that of Aripiprazole.
  • carbostyril derivatives disclosed in US-A-4 , 234 , 584 have chemical structural formula similar to that of Aripiprazole and also have pharmacological activities similar to those shown by Aripiprazole.
  • Carbostyril derivatives are also disclosed in Australian Patent No. 50252/85, Japanese Patent Kokai (Laid-open) Nos. 58- 43952 (1983), 56-49359 (1981), 56-49360 (1981) and 56-49361 (1981) .
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide proc- esses for preparing said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N- oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia, Huntington's disease and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for treating erectile dysfunction.
  • a novel thio-carbostyril derivative which were surprisingly found to exhibit strong activity for influencing neurotransmission of dopamine receptors and being devoid of the side-effects induced by known drugs for treating schizophrenia, said derivative being 7- ⁇ 4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) -piperazin-1-yl] - butoxy ⁇ -3 , 4-dihydro-lH-quinoline-2-thione, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole, having the Formulas 1-7:
  • Formula 1 thio-ari Formula 2 thio-ari n-ox (basic N) Formula 3 thio-ari n-ox (anilinic N) Formula 4 thio-ari di-n-ox Formula 5 ari n-ox (basic N) Formula 6 ari n-ox (anilinic N) Formula 7 ari di-n-ox CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF ARIPIPRAZOLE AND THE NEW COMPOUNDS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N- oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient optionally together with at least one member selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents and excipients.
  • the present invention further provides processes for the preparation of the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of the present invention and salts thereof.
  • the present invention provides the use of the thio- carbo-styril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of the present invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in mammals including man.
  • CNS central nervous system
  • the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N- oxides of Aripiprazole of Formulas 1-7 display a favorable atypical anti-psychotic pharmacological profile.
  • the thio- carbostyril derivative of Formula 1 surprisingly displays a receptor binding selectivity profile, which is more favorable than that of Aripiprazole.
  • the thio-carbostyril derivative of Formula 1 (thio-Aripiprazole) was, surprisingly, shown to form Aripiprazole in vivo after the administration of 100 ⁇ mol/kg i.p. In the brain sample there was more Aripiprazole than thio-Aripi- prazole. This was also true, at lower absolute concentrations, in the blood sample. This means that thio-Aripiprazole has both pharmacological effects in its own and it also forms Aripiprazole via bio-activation. Thus, thio-Aripiprazole works both as a drug and as a pro-drug.
  • the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N- oxides of Aripiprazole represented by the Formulas 1-7 of the present invention can easily be converted into their acid- addition salts by reacting them with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.
  • examples of such acids include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid and the like; organic acids such as oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid and the like.
  • a thio-carbostyril derivative, represented by the Formula 1 of the present invention, which has an acidic -NH- thio-amide group, can eas- ily be converted into its salts by reacting with basic compounds.
  • basic compounds include sodium-amide and LDA.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient optionally together with at least one member selected from the group consisting of carriers, diluents and excipi- ents.
  • the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole represented by the Formulas 1-7 can be used in the form of usual pharmaceutical compositions, which are prepared by using at least one member selected from the group consisting of carriers, diluents and excipients such as fillers, bulking agents, binders, wetting agents, disintegrating agents, surface active agents, lubricants and the like.
  • compositions various types of administration unit forms can be selected depending on the therapeutic purposes, and the examples of pharmaceutical compositions are tablets, pills, powders, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, granules, capsules, suppositories, injection preparations (solutions and suspensions) , bio-degradable polymers and the like.
  • any excipients which are known and used widely in this field can also be used, for example carriers such as lactose, white sugar, sodium chloride, glucose, urea, starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, crystalline cellulose, silicic acid and the like; binders such as water, ethanol, propanol , simple sirup, glucose solutions, starch solutions, gelatin solutions, carboxymethyl cellulose, she- lac, methyl cellulose, potassium phosphate, polyvinylpyrroli- done and the like; disintegrating agents such as dried starch, sodium alginate, agar powder, laminalia powder, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, sodium laurylsulfate, monoglyc- eride of stearic acid, starch, lactose and the like; disintegration inhibitors such as white sugar, stearin, coconut butter, hydrogenated oils; absorption accelerators such as
  • any excipients which are known and widely used in this field can also be used, for example, carriers such as lactose, starch, coconut butter, hardened vegetable oils, kaolin, talc and the like; binders such as gum arabi powder, tragacanth gum powder, gelatin, ethanol and the like; disintegrating agents such as agar, laminalia and the like.
  • carriers such as lactose, starch, coconut butter, hardened vegetable oils, kaolin, talc and the like
  • binders such as gum arabi powder, tragacanth gum powder, gelatin, ethanol and the like
  • disintegrating agents such as agar, laminalia and the like.
  • any excipients which are known and widely used in this field can also be used, for example polyethylene glycols, coconut butter, higher alcohols, esters of higher alcohols, gelatin, semi-synthesized glycerides and the like.
  • solutions and suspensions are sterilized and are preferably made isotonic to blood.
  • any carriers which are usually used in this field can also be used, for example, water, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxylated isostearyl alcohol, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan.
  • adequate amounts of sodium chloride, glucose or glycerin can be added to the desired injection preparations to make them isotonic.
  • usual dissolving agents, buffer agents, analgesic agents may be added.
  • coloring agents, preservatives, perfumes, seasoning agents, sweetening agents and other medicines may also be added to the desired preparations during the treatment of schizophrenia.
  • the amount of the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of Formulas 1-7 or salt thereof to be contained in a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia according to the present invention is not specifically restricted and can suitably be selected from a wide range, usually it is contained 1 to 70%, preferably 1 to 30% by weight of the whole composition.
  • Administration methods of a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia of the present invention are not specifically restricted, and the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of the present invention can be administered in various forms of preparations depending on the age of the patient, distinction of sex, other conditions, as well as conditions of the symptoms.
  • tablets, pills, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules and capsules are orally administered; and injection preparations are administered singly or mixed with injection transfusions such as glucose solutions and amino acid solutions intravenously; and if necessary, the injection preparations are administered singly intramuscularly, in- tracutaneously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally.
  • Suppositories are administered into the rectum.
  • Bio-degradable polymers are implanted under the skin or used orally.
  • the dosage of a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia according to the present invention is suitably selected according to the method of use, the age of the patient, distinction of sex, other conditions, as well as con- ditions of the symptoms, usually about 0.1 to 10 mg/kg of the body weight/day of the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N- oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of Formulas 1-7 as the active ingredient may be administered. Usually, 1 to 200 mg of the active ingredient may be contained in an admini- stration unit form.
  • a process for the preparation of the thio-carbostyril derivative of the present invention which process comprises reacting aripiprazole with Lawesson's reagent (2,4-bis(4- methoxyphenyl) -1,3,2, 4-dithiadiphosphetane 2, 4-di-sulfide) or phosphorous pentasulphide at appropriate temperatures.
  • a process for the preparation of N-oxides of the thio-carbostyril deriva- tive of Formula 1 or of aripiprazole which process comprises reacting the thio-carbostyril derivative of Formula 1 and aripiprazole, respectively, with m-chloroperbenzoic acid.
  • the use of the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of the present invention for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of central nervous system CNS disorders in mammals, including man.
  • said pharmaceutical composition is suited for treating dopa- mine receptor related central nervous neuro-psychiatric diseases and/or for treating circulatory disorders.
  • dopamine receptor related central nervous neuro-psychiatric diseases and circulatory disorders are schizophrenia; dyskinesias by Parkinson's disease, e.g. dy- skinesias caused by long-term L-dopa; and Huntington's disease .
  • said pharmaceutical composition is suited for treating drug abuse, in particular alcohol and/or cocaine abuse.
  • said pharmaceutical composition is suited for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
  • a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition characterized in that the compounds of Formulas 1 according to the invention or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof is incorporated in one or more inert carriers and/or diluents by a non-chemical method.
  • Example 1 Aripiprazole (OPC-14597, CAS RN 129722-12-9; 1.00 g, 2.23 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (25 mL) . To this solution was added Lawesson's reagent (1.08 g, 2.68 mmol) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for one hour. TLC was best run on silica pretreated with ammonia (NH 3 (g) ) and with EtOAc as eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the orange residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (50 mL) and washed with 10 % Na 2 C0 3 (2 x 15 mL) .
  • Aripiprazole (Mw 447, 25 mg, 56 ⁇ mol) was dissolved in about 1 mL methylene chloride. To this solution was added (dropwise at room temperature) m- chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA, Mw 173, 19 mg, 112 ⁇ mol).
  • MCPBA m- chloroperbenzoic acid
  • a TLC alumina eluting with methylene chloride/methanol 20/1
  • Aripiprazole (Mw 447, 100 mg, 224 ⁇ mol) was dissolved in about 5 mL methylene chloride. To this solution was added (at room temperature) m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA, Mw 173, 200 mg, 1160 ⁇ mol).
  • MCPBA m-chloroperbenzoic acid
  • a TLC alumina eluting with methyl- ene chloride/methanol 20/1
  • the same eluent was used when chromatographing in a Pasteur pipette (alumina).
  • TLC was checked after night in room temperature but showed no further reaction, which indicates that the oxidation had stopped halfway due to the addition of too little MCPBA to convert all the starting material to N-oxidized products.
  • Two rats were treated with either Aripiprazole (100 ⁇ mol/kg i.p.) or thio-Aripiprazole (100 ⁇ mol/kg i.p.). After 2 hours, the animals were killed and blood was collected via heart puntation. The brains were removed and homogenized. The biological sample were centrifuged at 10,000 r.p.m. and the supernatant was transferred to test tubes with a pipett and were stored until further workup and analysis. Samples were spiked with the standard mono-pivaloyl-apomorphine .
  • Rat with aripiperazol injected Brain: 4.7 ⁇ M Aripiprazole Blood: 660 nM Aripiprazole (no thio-aripiperazole was detected in these samples)
  • Aripiprazole-mono-N-oxide (100 ⁇ mol/kg) was difficult to dissolve (10 microliters acetic acid, water, PEG and DMSO, totally about 1 mL) and was administered orally to a rat weighing about 300 g. No dramatic behavioural the effects were seen, but the rat showed no signs of catalepsy behavior. After two hours, the rat was anesthetized (isoflurane) and was killed by heart puncture. Blood was col- lected and the brain was taken out to be homogenized in 60 percent
  • Aripiprazole is generated from both Aripiprazole-mono-N-oxide and from thio-Aripiprazole.
  • the compound of the present invention may be evaluated in rats unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) (Ungerstedt and Arbuthnott, Brain Res. 1970, 24, 485-493) .
  • 6-hydroxydopamine 6-hydroxydopamine
  • the DA neurons of one side (left or right) of the nigrostriatal DA system are selectively and completely degen- erated by intracebral injection of the neurotoxin 6-OH-DA.
  • Haloperidol was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) to the rats at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight.
  • Apomorphine was administered subcutaneously to the rats in doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight ("Apomorphine 0.05", etc. in the Ta- bles below).
  • Aripriprazol and 7- (4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) - piperazin-1-yl] -butoxy ⁇ -3 , 4 -dihydro-lH-quinoline-2 -thione ( "thio-aripriprazole” ) were each administered intraperito- neally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 mg/kg.
  • Catalepsy was observed by placing the animals on an inclined grid 60 degrees for a maximum of 2.25 min, in a lit room. The animals were allowed 30 s of adaptation on the grid, at every measuring occasion, before the observation (stop watch) was started. The catalepsy was expressed as a score from 0 to 5, according to the time, square root transformation the rat re- mained immobile, min : 0 s 0.00-0.08; 1 s 0.09-0.35; 2 s
  • mice Male Wistar rats (from Harlan, Zeist, The Netherlands) weighing 280-320 g were used, and housed as described for the lo- comotor activity experiments. On line brain microdialysis in freely moving animals was essentially performed as described previously (Westerink, Trends in Anal. Chem. 1992, 11, 176- 182) . Briefly, rats were anesthetized with choral hydrate (400 mg/kg ip) and 10% lidocaine locally applied. The rats were then mounted into a stereotaxic frame (Kopf) . The incisor bar was placed in position so that the scull was held in a horizontal position. The skull was exposed and burr holes were drilled.
  • Kopf stereotaxic frame
  • the dialysis tube (ID: 0.22 mm; OD : 0.31 mm) was prepared from polyacryloni- trile methalys sulfonate copolymer (AN 69, Hospal, Bologna, Italy) .
  • the dialysis membrane was implanted in the Striatum with coordinates which were calculated relative to bregma: A + 1 , L 3, D 6 according to the brain atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1982) .
  • the dura was removed with a sharp needle. Two anchor screws were positioned in different bone plates nearby.
  • the dialysis probes were perfused with successively ultra pure water, methanol, ultra pure water and Ringer solution (1.2 mM Ca 2+ ) .
  • the dialysis probe was positioned in the burr hole under stereotaxic guidance.
  • the probe was cemented in this position with phosphatine dental cement (Associated dental products LTD, Kemdent Works, Purdon, Swinden, Wiltshire SN 5 9 HT) .
  • the experiments were performed in conscious rats 17-56 h after implantation of the cannula.
  • the striatum was perfused with a Ringer solution (147 mM NaCl , 4 mM KCl , 1.2 mM CaCl 2 , 1.1 M MgCl 2 ) at 2 1/min (CMA/102 microdialysis pump).
  • a Ringer solution 147 mM NaCl , 4 mM KCl , 1.2 mM CaCl 2 , 1.1 M MgCl 2
  • CMA/102 microdialysis pump 2 1/min
  • Dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-HIAA were quantitated by HPLC with electrochemical detection.
  • An HPLC pump (LKB, Pharmacia) was used in conjugation with an EC- detector (Antec, Leiden) working at 625 mV versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
  • the analytical column was a Supelco Su- pelcosil LC-18 Column (15 cm, 4.6 mm, 3 ⁇ m) .

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Abstract

The novel thio-carbostyril derivative 7-{4-[4-(2,3-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-butoxy}-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinoline-2-thione, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof are useful agents for treating schizophrenia, Huntington's disease and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.

Description

THIO-CARBOSTYRI DERIVATIVE, ITS N-OXIDES AND THE N-OXIDES OF ARIPIPRAZOLE
DESCRIPTION
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a novel thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole. More particularly, the invention relates to a novel thio- carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof, processes for preparing said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions for treating e.g. schizophrenia containing, as the active ingredient, said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole or salts thereof.
Background of the invention
Schizophrenia is the most common type of psychosis caused by an excessive neurotransmission activity of the dopaminergic nervous system in the central nervous system. [Cf. "Hypothesis of Excessive Dopamine" by Michio Tohru : TAISHA (Metabo- lism) , Vol. 22, pp. 49, (1985); and Pharmacia Review, No. 10, "KOKORO-TO-KUSURI (Mind and Drugs) " edited by Pharmaceutical Society of Japan] . For a recent review on schizophrenia, see: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MONOAMINES, G UTAMATE, AND GABA IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: New Evidence, by Arvid Carlsson, Nicholas Waters, Susanna Holm-Waters, Joakim Tedroff, Marie Nilsson, and Maria L. Carlsson, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol . 2001, 41:237-60.
A number of drugs, having the ability to block the neuro- transmission of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system, have been developed. Examples of said drugs are phe- nothiazine-type compounds such as Chlorpromazine; butyrophe- none-type compounds such as Haloperidol ; and benzamide-type compounds such as Sulpiride. These known drugs are now used widely for the purpose of improving so-called positive symptoms in the acute period of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions and excitations and the like.
However, many of these drugs are considered as not effective for improving the so-called negative symptoms, which are observed in the chronic period of schizophrenia such as apathy, emotional depression, hypopsychosis and the like. In addition to the above, these drugs give severe side-effects such as akathisia, dystonia, Parkinsonism dyskinesia and late (tardive) dyskinesia and the like, which are caused by blocking the neurotransmission of dopamine receptors in the stria- turn. Furthermore, other side-effects such as hyperprolactine- mia are seen with these drugs. [Cf . G. M. Simpson, E. H. Pi, and J. J. Sramek, Jr.: Drugs, Vol. 21, pp. 138 (1981).]
Under these circumstances, development of drugs for treating schizophrenia, having safety and clinical effectiveness against both positive and negative symptoms, is still needed. In particular, so-called "dopamine stabilizers" are thought to be valuable drugs against both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (see Carlsson et al . above).
Drugs known in the prior art for treating schizophrenia induce a number of side-effects. Example of such side-effects are those induced by phenothiazine-type drugs, i.e. the or- thostatic hypotension and hypersedation on the basis of strong alpha-blocking activity; and in the case of drugs hav- ing strong activity for blocking neurotransmission of dopa- minergic receptor, the side-effects are so-called extrapyra- midal side-effects such as catalepsy, akathisia, dystonia and the like caused by blocking the neurotransmission of dopamine receptors in the striatum.
A number of carbostyril derivatives for therapeutical use has also been disclosed. Among carbostyril derivatives known in prior art are those disclosed in: EP-A-0367141 , Publication date: 1990-05-09, Applicant (s) : OTSUKA PHARMA CO LTD (JP) , Priority Number (s) : JP19880276953 19881031. The "3rd generation anti-psychotic" Aripiprazole emanates from that patent application.
Figure imgf000004_0001
U. S. Patent No. 4,734,416; Canadian Patent No. 1,117,110; British Patent No. 2,017,701; German Patents Nos . 2,911,108, 1,912,105 and 2,953,723; Japanese Patent Kokai (Laid-open) Nos. 54-130,587 (1979), 55-127,371, (1980) and 62-149,664 (1987) are having chemical structural formulas related to Aripiprazole .
Furthermore, carbostyril derivatives disclosed in US-A- 4,234,585 and EP-A-226,441 have chemical structural formula similar to that of Aripiprazole.
In addition to the above, the carbostyril derivatives disclosed in US-A-4 , 234 , 584 have chemical structural formula similar to that of Aripiprazole and also have pharmacological activities similar to those shown by Aripiprazole.
Carbostyril derivatives are also disclosed in Australian Patent No. 50252/85, Japanese Patent Kokai (Laid-open) Nos. 58- 43952 (1983), 56-49359 (1981), 56-49360 (1981) and 56-49361 (1981) .
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof, which are devoid of the side- effects induced by known drugs for treating schizophrenia.
A further object of the present invention is to provide proc- esses for preparing said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N- oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia, Huntington's disease and dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for treating erectile dysfunction.
Summary of the invention
According to the present invention there is provided a novel thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof, which were surprisingly found to exhibit strong activity for influencing neurotransmission of dopamine receptors and being devoid of the side-effects induced by known drugs for treating schizophrenia, said derivative being 7- {4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) -piperazin-1-yl] - butoxy} -3 , 4-dihydro-lH-quinoline-2-thione, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole, having the Formulas 1-7:
Formula 1 thio-ari Formula 2 thio-ari n-ox (basic N) Formula 3 thio-ari n-ox (anilinic N) Formula 4 thio-ari di-n-ox Formula 5 ari n-ox (basic N) Formula 6 ari n-ox (anilinic N) Formula 7 ari di-n-ox CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF ARIPIPRAZOLE AND THE NEW COMPOUNDS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0002
Figure imgf000006_0004
Even though the chemical structures of the thio-carbostyril derivative of the present invention and Aripiprazole (see above) and other carbostyril derivatives of the prior art are very similar, their corresponding pharmacological profiles are distinct. In addition, the thio-carbostyril group of Formula 8 below is not part of any known chemical structure to date :
Formula 8
Figure imgf000007_0001
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N- oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient optionally together with at least one member selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents and excipients.
The present invention further provides processes for the preparation of the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of the present invention and salts thereof.
Further, the present invention provides the use of the thio- carbo-styril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of the present invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in mammals including man.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided the novel thio-carbostyril derivative 7- {4- [4- (2 , 3- dichloro-phenyl) -piperazin-1-yl] -butoxy} -3 , 4-dihydro-lH- quinoline-2-thione represented by the formula (1):
Figure imgf000008_0001
, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof (see Formulas 1-7 above) .
The thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N- oxides of Aripiprazole and salts thereof, represented by the Formulas 1-7, possess strong activity for inhibiting the neurotransmission at dopamine receptors. Surprisingly we found that the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N- oxides of Aripiprazole of Formulas 1-7 display a favorable atypical anti-psychotic pharmacological profile. The thio- carbostyril derivative of Formula 1 surprisingly displays a receptor binding selectivity profile, which is more favorable than that of Aripiprazole.
The thio-carbostyril derivative of Formula 1 (thio-Aripiprazole) was, surprisingly, shown to form Aripiprazole in vivo after the administration of 100 μmol/kg i.p. In the brain sample there was more Aripiprazole than thio-Aripi- prazole. This was also true, at lower absolute concentrations, in the blood sample. This means that thio-Aripiprazole has both pharmacological effects in its own and it also forms Aripiprazole via bio-activation. Thus, thio-Aripiprazole works both as a drug and as a pro-drug. These features of the Formula 1 compound of the present invention (thio- Aripiprazole) renders its unique properties as an atypical antipsychotic agent.
The thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N- oxides of Aripiprazole represented by the Formulas 1-7 of the present invention can easily be converted into their acid- addition salts by reacting them with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid. Examples of such acids include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid and the like; organic acids such as oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid and the like. A thio-carbostyril derivative, represented by the Formula 1 of the present invention, which has an acidic -NH- thio-amide group, can eas- ily be converted into its salts by reacting with basic compounds. Examples of such basic compounds include sodium-amide and LDA.
According to another aspect the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising said thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient optionally together with at least one member selected from the group consisting of carriers, diluents and excipi- ents.
Thus, in accordance with this aspect of the invention the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole represented by the Formulas 1-7 can be used in the form of usual pharmaceutical compositions, which are prepared by using at least one member selected from the group consisting of carriers, diluents and excipients such as fillers, bulking agents, binders, wetting agents, disintegrating agents, surface active agents, lubricants and the like. As to the pharmaceutical compositions, various types of administration unit forms can be selected depending on the therapeutic purposes, and the examples of pharmaceutical compositions are tablets, pills, powders, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, granules, capsules, suppositories, injection preparations (solutions and suspensions) , bio-degradable polymers and the like. For the purpose of shaping the pharmaceutical composition in the form of tablets, any excipients which are known and used widely in this field can also be used, for example carriers such as lactose, white sugar, sodium chloride, glucose, urea, starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, crystalline cellulose, silicic acid and the like; binders such as water, ethanol, propanol , simple sirup, glucose solutions, starch solutions, gelatin solutions, carboxymethyl cellulose, she- lac, methyl cellulose, potassium phosphate, polyvinylpyrroli- done and the like; disintegrating agents such as dried starch, sodium alginate, agar powder, laminalia powder, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, sodium laurylsulfate, monoglyc- eride of stearic acid, starch, lactose and the like; disintegration inhibitors such as white sugar, stearin, coconut butter, hydrogenated oils; absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium base, sodium laurylsulfate and the like; wetting agents such as glycerin, starch and the like; adsorbing agents such as starch, lactose, kaolin, bentonite, colloidal silicic acid and the like; and lubricants such as purified talc, stearates, boric acid powder, polyethylene glycol and the like. If tablets are desired, they can be further coated with the usual coating materials to make the tablets as sugar coated tablets, gelatin film coated tablets, tablets coated with enteric coatings, tablets coated with films, double layered tablets and multi-layered tablets.
For the purpose of shaping the pharmaceutical composition in the form of pills, any excipients which are known and widely used in this field can also be used, for example, carriers such as lactose, starch, coconut butter, hardened vegetable oils, kaolin, talc and the like; binders such as gum arabi powder, tragacanth gum powder, gelatin, ethanol and the like; disintegrating agents such as agar, laminalia and the like. For the purpose of shaping the pharmaceutical composition in the form of suppositories, any excipients which are known and widely used in this field can also be used, for example polyethylene glycols, coconut butter, higher alcohols, esters of higher alcohols, gelatin, semi-synthesized glycerides and the like.
For the purpose of shaping the pharmaceutical composition in the form of injection preparations, solutions and suspensions are sterilized and are preferably made isotonic to blood. In making injection preparations, any carriers which are usually used in this field can also be used, for example, water, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxylated isostearyl alcohol, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan. In these instances, adequate amounts of sodium chloride, glucose or glycerin can be added to the desired injection preparations to make them isotonic. Furthermore, usual dissolving agents, buffer agents, analgesic agents may be added. Yet further, if necessary, coloring agents, preservatives, perfumes, seasoning agents, sweetening agents and other medicines may also be added to the desired preparations during the treatment of schizophrenia.
The amount of the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of Formulas 1-7 or salt thereof to be contained in a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia according to the present invention is not specifically restricted and can suitably be selected from a wide range, usually it is contained 1 to 70%, preferably 1 to 30% by weight of the whole composition.
Administration methods of a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia of the present invention are not specifically restricted, and the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of the present invention can be administered in various forms of preparations depending on the age of the patient, distinction of sex, other conditions, as well as conditions of the symptoms. For example, tablets, pills, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules and capsules are orally administered; and injection preparations are administered singly or mixed with injection transfusions such as glucose solutions and amino acid solutions intravenously; and if necessary, the injection preparations are administered singly intramuscularly, in- tracutaneously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Suppositories are administered into the rectum. Bio-degradable polymers are implanted under the skin or used orally.
The dosage of a pharmaceutical composition for treating schizophrenia according to the present invention is suitably selected according to the method of use, the age of the patient, distinction of sex, other conditions, as well as con- ditions of the symptoms, usually about 0.1 to 10 mg/kg of the body weight/day of the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N- oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of Formulas 1-7 as the active ingredient may be administered. Usually, 1 to 200 mg of the active ingredient may be contained in an admini- stration unit form.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of the thio-carbostyril derivative of the present invention which process comprises reacting aripiprazole with Lawesson's reagent (2,4-bis(4- methoxyphenyl) -1,3,2, 4-dithiadiphosphetane 2, 4-di-sulfide) or phosphorous pentasulphide at appropriate temperatures.
The principles of this reaction are known per se from litera- ture (vide e.g. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 87, 223, 229, 299, 525 (1978) ) .
According to this aspect there is also provided a process for the preparation of N-oxides of the thio-carbostyril deriva- tive of Formula 1 or of aripiprazole, which process comprises reacting the thio-carbostyril derivative of Formula 1 and aripiprazole, respectively, with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of the present invention for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of central nervous system CNS disorders in mammals, including man.
According to one embodiment of this aspect of the invention said pharmaceutical composition is suited for treating dopa- mine receptor related central nervous neuro-psychiatric diseases and/or for treating circulatory disorders. Important examples of such dopamine receptor related central nervous neuro-psychiatric diseases and circulatory disorders are schizophrenia; dyskinesias by Parkinson's disease, e.g. dy- skinesias caused by long-term L-dopa; and Huntington's disease .
According to another embodiment of this aspect of the invention said pharmaceutical composition is suited for treating drug abuse, in particular alcohol and/or cocaine abuse.
According to a further embodiment of this aspect said pharmaceutical composition is suited for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that the compounds of Formulas 1 according to the invention or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof is incorporated in one or more inert carriers and/or diluents by a non-chemical method.
The invention will now be further described by means of a number of examples which are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1 Aripiprazole (OPC-14597, CAS RN 129722-12-9; 1.00 g, 2.23 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (25 mL) . To this solution was added Lawesson's reagent (1.08 g, 2.68 mmol) and the reaction mixture was refluxed for one hour. TLC was best run on silica pretreated with ammonia (NH3 (g) ) and with EtOAc as eluent. The solvent was evaporated and the orange residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (50 mL) and washed with 10 % Na2C03 (2 x 15 mL) . The organic layer was dried (Na2S04) , filtered and the solvent was a evaporated under reduced pres- sure, leaving 1.4 g of crude product. This product was first dissolved in methylene chloride and applied on top of a silica column, eluting with a mixture of methylene chloride and methanol (20:1) . By this procedure, two products were seen on TLC, eluting with a mixture of methylene chloride and metha- nol (10:1). The fractions containing the two products were pooled and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, leaving about 1 g of product mixture. To this mixture was sequentially added ethanol (50 mL-40 mL-20 mL) and the mixture was heated to reflux, the hot solvent was decanted and the next portion of ethanol was added. Crystals precipitated as crops 1-3, of which only crop 1 contained the pure product. Now switching to TLC in EtOAc on glass plates pretreated with ammonia, it was obvious that there was very little of the wanted product in crops 2 and 3, while their corresponding mother liquors contained much of the product. The mother liquors from crops 1-3 were pooled and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, leaving about 0.5 g, which was dissolved in methylene chloride and applied on top of an ammonia pretreated silica column, and eluting with EtOAC. In fractions 1-5 about 20 mL were collected and the bulk of the pure product appeared in fractions 2-4. These fractions were pooled and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, yielding 300 mg, which was pooled with crop 1 (400 mg) and was recrystallized in about 5 mL refluxing 100% EtOH. Crys- tals were filtered and dried, yielding white to light yellow crystals (600 mg) melting at 139-140°C. API MS (SCIEX) showed M + 1 = 464 and an isotope pattern of 2 Cl atoms.
Figure imgf000015_0001
7-{4-[4-(2,3-Dichloro-phenyl)-piperazin-l-yl]-butoxy}-3,4-dihydro-lH-qumoline-2-thione
C23Η27Cl2N3OS
Exact Mass: 463.13
Mol. Wt.: 464.45
C, 59.48; H, 5.86; Cl, 15.27; N, 9.05; O, 3.44; S, 6.9<
In order to find out which byproduct had been formed, crystals from crop 3 were dissolved in acetic acid (these crystals do neither dissolve in methylene chloride nor in ethanol) , a droplet was taken out and dissolved in methanol and perfused into the ion spray SCIEX MS/MS mass spectrometer. The M+1 peak at 632, containing two chloro atoms, is likely to be :
Figure imgf000015_0002
Mol. Wt.: 632.61
C, 56.96; H, 5.10; Cl, 11.21; N, 6.64; O, 5.06; P, 4.90; S, 10.14 Example 2
Conversion of Aripiprazole ( 10 mg) to thio-Aripiprazole with Lawesson ' s reagent ( 0 . 6 equivalents ) in toluene ( 1 mL) at 100°C for 30 min . 10% NaHC03 ( 1 mL) was added and the covered vial was vortexed and the organic layer was diluted with EtOAc ( 1 mL) before pipetting it off , applying it on top of a Pasteur pipette f illed with NH3 (g) pre-treated Si02 . Eluting with EtOAc ( 0 . 5 mL/fraction) gave the product in fractions 7 - 12 . Fractions 8 - 10 were pooled, the solvent was evaporated and the crystalline remains were recrystallized from refluxing 100% EtOH, yielding 4 . 9 mg white crystals melting at 139-140°C .
Example 3 Synthesis of the N-oxides of Aripiprazole
Synthesis of aripiprazole-N(basic N)-mono-oxide (formula 5)
Aripiprazole (Mw 447, 25 mg, 56 μmol) was dissolved in about 1 mL methylene chloride. To this solution was added (dropwise at room temperature) m- chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA, Mw 173, 19 mg, 112 μmol). A TLC (alumina eluting with methylene chloride/methanol 20/1 ) was run after about one hour and showed no starting material and a new spot, with a Rf value of about 0.4. The same eluent was used when chromatographing in a Pasteur pipette (alumina). About 1 mL fractions were collected and the product was isolated and the solvents were removed by evaporation, leaving a solid foam (27 mg), which was identified by API MS (M+1 = 464, showing an isotope relation indicating two Cl atoms).
Example 4 Synthesis of aripiprazole-N2 ,N4a-di-oxide
Aripiprazole (Mw 447, 100 mg, 224 μmol) was dissolved in about 5 mL methylene chloride. To this solution was added (at room temperature) m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA, Mw 173, 200 mg, 1160 μmol). A TLC (alumina eluting with methyl- ene chloride/methanol 20/1 ) was run after about one hour and showed no starting material and a new spot, with a Rf value of about 0.2. The same eluent was used when chromatographing in a Pasteur pipette (alumina). About 1 mL fractions were collected and the product was isolated and the solvents were removed by evaporation, leaving a solid (50 mg), which was identified by API MS (M+1 = 480, show- ing an isotope relation indicating two Cl atoms).
Example 5
Synthesis of the N-oxides of thio-Aripiprazole (formula 2)
An analytical sample of about 1 mg of thio-Aripiprazole (base) was dissolved in 0.5 mL of methylene chloride and a few drops from a Pasteur pipette of a solution of about 10 mg MCPBA in 1 mL methylene chloride were added at room temperature. After five minutes TLC was run on alumina (AI2O3) eluting with methylene chloride: methanol (20:1 ). This TLC showed thio-Aripiprazole at Rt = 0.97, a new spot at Rt = 0.86 (likely to be mono-N-oxide at the basic nitrogen atom of the piperazine ring) and another new spot at Rt = 0.46 (likely to be di-N-oxide, i.e. both nitrogen atoms of the piperazine ring have been oxidized). TLC was checked after night in room temperature but showed no further reaction, which indicates that the oxidation had stopped halfway due to the addition of too little MCPBA to convert all the starting material to N-oxidized products.
In order to identify the spots, HPLC/MS/MS was performed as described elsewhere in this patent application with a reversed phase column, eluting with a CH3CN/water gradient running from 15% to 95% CH3CN. The following peaks were registered (all showing the isotope Relationship of two Cl atoms):
Retention time = 11.2 minutes (small amount of Aripiprazole formed; M + 1 = 448; 7.7 e5 cps; MS/MS 448/285 is Aripiprazole/di-CI-phpip-CH2CH2CH2CH2)
Retention time = 11.3 minutes (thio-Aripiprazole-N-oxide; M + 1 = 480; 4.0e6 cps; MS/MS 480/243 is thio-Aripiprazole-N-oxide/di-CI-phpip-CH2)
Retention time = 11.5 minutes (thio-Aripiprazole-di-N-oxide; M + 1 = 496; 3.0e6 cps; MS/MS 496/243 is thio-Aripiprazole-di-N-oxide/di-CI-phpip-CH2)
Retention time = 12.4 minutes (thio-Aripiprazole; M + 1 = 464; 4.5e6 cps; MS/MS 464/285 is thio-Aripiprazole/di-CI-phpip-CH2CH2CH2CH2) Example 6
Pharmacokinetic experiment with Aripiprazole and thio-Aripiprazole
Analysis of drug levels in brain and blood
Two rats were treated with either Aripiprazole (100 μmol/kg i.p.) or thio-Aripiprazole (100 μmol/kg i.p.). After 2 hours, the animals were killed and blood was collected via heart punktion. The brains were removed and homogenized. The biological sample were centrifuged at 10,000 r.p.m. and the supernatant was transferred to test tubes with a pipett and were stored until further workup and analysis. Samples were spiked with the standard mono-pivaloyl-apomorphine .
Proteins were precipitated with CH3CN/water (60 %) and cen- trifugation and decanting gave a clear solution, which was concentrated by blowing nitrogen gas at room temperature. The remaining material was re-dissolved in the HPLC starting elu- ent CH3CN/water (15 %) and was analyzed by HPLC/MS/MS, utilizing a gradient system and a SCIEX MS/MS mass spectrometer.
Results
Rat with thio-aripiperazole injected:
Brain: 160 nM thio-aripiprazole, 1.4 μM Aripiprazole Blood: 60 nM thio-aripiprazole, 160 nM Aripiprazole
Rat with aripiperazol injected: Brain: 4.7 μM Aripiprazole Blood: 660 nM Aripiprazole (no thio-aripiperazole was detected in these samples)
The calibration curve was not linear, and the standard also varied between the samples. The concentrations must therefore not be regarded as absolute values . Example 7
Pharmacokinetic experiment with Aripiprazole-mono-N-oxide, a comparison with thio-Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole-mono-N-oxide (100 μmol/kg) was difficult to dissolve (10 microliters acetic acid, water, PEG and DMSO, totally about 1 mL) and was administered orally to a rat weighing about 300 g. No dramatic behavioural the effects were seen, but the rat showed no signs of catalepsy behavior. After two hours, the rat was anesthetized (isoflurane) and was killed by heart puncture. Blood was col- lected and the brain was taken out to be homogenized in 60 percent
CH3CN/water, containing also small amounts of HCOOH and HSCH2CH2OH.
About half of the amount of plasma and brain extract was evaporated (normally this is not 4 mL out of 8 mL but rather 0.5 mL. Thus, to compare the data from a former experiment we have to consider a factor of eight to compensate for this difference).
HPLC/MS/MS
The usual CH3CN/ water gradient system was used without an internal standard.
Aripiprazole-mono-N-oxide has a retention time = 11.31 minutes (464/243)
Aripiprazole has a retention time = 11.14 (448/285)
Comparison table:
Drug administered ARI-N-OX cps ARI cps blood brain blood brain
THIO-ARI - 28,600 2,920
ARI-N-OX 47,400 2,070 195,000 126,000 (1/8 5,925 259 24,375 15,750)
Surprisingly, Aripiprazole is generated from both Aripiprazole-mono-N-oxide and from thio-Aripiprazole. Example 8
Pharmaceutical preparation
By using usual procedures tablets each weighing 200 mg were prepared from the following ingredients in the proportions indicated
Ingredient Amount [mg]
7- {4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) -piperazin-1-yl] - butoxy} -3 , 4-dihydro-lH-quinoline-2-thione 5 mg Starch 132 mg
Magnesium stearate 18 mg
Lactose 45 mg
Total 200 mg
Example 9
Pharmaceutical preparation
An injection solution was prepared from the following components :
Component Amount
7-{4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) -piperazin-1-yl] - butoxy} -3 , 4-dihydro-lH-quinoline-2 -thione 500 mg
Polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: 4,000) 0,3 g Sodium chloride 0,9 g
Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate 0,4 g
Sodium metabisulfite 0,1 g
Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0,18 g
Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0,02 g Distilled water for injection 100 ml
The above-mentioned methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl p- hydroxybenzoate, sodium metabisulfite and sodium chloride were dissolved in distilled water for injection at 80°C with stirring. The resulting solution was cooled to 40°C, then 7- {4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) -piperazin-1-yl] -butoxy} -3,4- dihydro-lH-quinoline-2 -thione, polyethylene glycol and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooelate were dissolved in the above- mentioned solution in this order, then the predetermined volume of the injection solution was adjusted by adding the distilled water for injection, and was sterilized by filtration by using a suitable filter paper, then 1 ml each of the de- sired injection solution was filled in an ampoule.
Pharmacological Tests
Contralateral turning in 6-0H-DA lesioned rats
The compound of the present invention may be evaluated in rats unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) (Ungerstedt and Arbuthnott, Brain Res. 1970, 24, 485-493) . In this model, the DA neurons of one side (left or right) of the nigrostriatal DA system are selectively and completely degen- erated by intracebral injection of the neurotoxin 6-OH-DA.
This causes a postsynaptic supersensitivity to develop on the lesioned side. Upon systemic administration of a DA agonist, the rat will start to turn contralaterally, i.e. towards the non-lesioned side. The evoked turning behavior is a measure of the DA (Dl and/or D2) agonist properties of a compound and can be inhibited by DA partial agonists and antagonists.
a) Anti-apomorphine activity in 6-OH-DA lesioned rats (the Ungerstedt model)
Haloperidol was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) to the rats at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. Apomorphine was administered subcutaneously to the rats in doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg body weight ("Apomorphine 0.05", etc. in the Ta- bles below). Aripriprazol and 7- (4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) - piperazin-1-yl] -butoxy} -3 , 4 -dihydro-lH-quinoline-2 -thione ( "thio-aripriprazole" ) were each administered intraperito- neally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 mg/kg.
The results are given in Tables 1 to 3 below. Table 1
Figure imgf000022_0001
Table 2
Figure imgf000022_0002
Table 3
Figure imgf000022_0003
b) Catalepsy measurements
Catalepsy was observed by placing the animals on an inclined grid 60 degrees for a maximum of 2.25 min, in a lit room. The animals were allowed 30 s of adaptation on the grid, at every measuring occasion, before the observation (stop watch) was started. The catalepsy was expressed as a score from 0 to 5, according to the time, square root transformation the rat re- mained immobile, min : 0 s 0.00-0.08; 1 s 0.09-0.35; 2 s
0.36-0.80; 3 s 0.81-1.42; 4 s 1.43-2.24; 5 s )2.25 min, i.e., if the rat remained immobile for 0.08 min, it was scored as 0, etc. (see Ahlenius and Hillegaart, 1986, Pharmacol. Bio- chem. Behav. 24, 1409-1415.)
No catalepsy was registered for neither Aripiprazole nor thio-Aripiprazole (formula 1) at the i.p. dose 100 μmol/kg.
Microdialysis in rat striatum
Male Wistar rats (from Harlan, Zeist, The Netherlands) weighing 280-320 g were used, and housed as described for the lo- comotor activity experiments. On line brain microdialysis in freely moving animals was essentially performed as described previously (Westerink, Trends in Anal. Chem. 1992, 11, 176- 182) . Briefly, rats were anesthetized with choral hydrate (400 mg/kg ip) and 10% lidocaine locally applied. The rats were then mounted into a stereotaxic frame (Kopf) . The incisor bar was placed in position so that the scull was held in a horizontal position. The skull was exposed and burr holes were drilled. An Y-shaped cannula was used for the experiments, with an exposed tip length of 3 mm. The dialysis tube (ID: 0.22 mm; OD : 0.31 mm) was prepared from polyacryloni- trile methalys sulfonate copolymer (AN 69, Hospal, Bologna, Italy) . The dialysis membrane was implanted in the Striatum with coordinates which were calculated relative to bregma: A + 1 , L 3, D 6 according to the brain atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1982) . The dura was removed with a sharp needle. Two anchor screws were positioned in different bone plates nearby. Before insertion into the brain the dialysis probes were perfused with successively ultra pure water, methanol, ultra pure water and Ringer solution (1.2 mM Ca2+) . The dialysis probe was positioned in the burr hole under stereotaxic guidance. The probe was cemented in this position with phosphatine dental cement (Associated dental products LTD, Kemdent Works, Purdon, Swinden, Wiltshire SN 5 9 HT) .
The experiments were performed in conscious rats 17-56 h after implantation of the cannula. The striatum was perfused with a Ringer solution (147 mM NaCl , 4 mM KCl , 1.2 mM CaCl2, 1.1 M MgCl2) at 2 1/min (CMA/102 microdialysis pump). After the experiments the rats were sacrificed and the brains were removed. After removal the brains were kept in 4 % parafor- maldehyde solution until they were sectioned to control the location of the dialysis probes.
Dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-HIAA were quantitated by HPLC with electrochemical detection. An HPLC pump (LKB, Pharmacia) was used in conjugation with an EC- detector (Antec, Leiden) working at 625 mV versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The analytical column was a Supelco Su- pelcosil LC-18 Column (15 cm, 4.6 mm, 3 μm) . The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 4.1 g/1 sodium acetate (Merck), 85 mg/1 octane sulphonic acid (Aldrich) , 50 mg/1 EDTA (Merck) , 8.5 % methanol (Labscan) and ultra pure water (pH=4.1 with glacial acetic acid) .
Statistics: The microdialysis data were analyzed using Fried- man Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance on Ranks with as post -hoc test Dunnetts Method.
Microdialysis results
Aripiprazole and 7- {4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) -piperazin-1- yl] -butoxy} -3 , 4-dihydro-lH-quinoline-2-thione ("thio- aripriprazole" ) (10 mg/kg i.p. of both compounds) were dissolved in 0.1 mL EtOH, 0.3 mL PEG and 0.6 mL water and were injected i.p. in the test animals.
During this experiment there was a maximum increase in DOPAC of from 160 % to 200 % relative to the control in case of the dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. of aripiprazole and a maximum increase in DOPAC of from 160 % to 210 % relative to the control in case of the dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. of thio-aripiprazole. Behavioral experiment with Thio-Aripiprazole.
Two rats were first injected subcutaneously with 1 mg/kg of the test compound. Weak dopaminergic stimulation was observed, including penile licking. 15 minutes later, 10 mg/kg subcutaneously was injected. The animals were calm. However, after about 10 minutes both animals intensely were grooming their penis (penile grooming) . This behavior was more intense than that seen after apomorphine itself.

Claims

1. The thio-carbostyril derivative 7- { 4- [4- (2, 3-dichloro- phenyl) -piperazin-1-yl] -butoxy} -3, -dihydro-lW-quinoline-2- thione, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole, represented by Formulas 1-7:
Figure imgf000026_0001
Figure imgf000026_0002
Figure imgf000026_0003
Figure imgf000026_0004
and their salts.
2. The thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N- oxides of Aripiprazole according to claim 1, wherein the salts thereof are physiologically acceptable acid addition salts with inorganic or organic acids.
3. Pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient the thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole of claim 1 or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof optionally together with at least one member selected from the group consisting of carriers, diluents and excipients.
4. Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein said physiologically acceptable salt is an acid addition salt.
5. Process for the preparation of a thio-carbostyril derivative as identified in claim 1, which process comprises reacting aripiprazole with Lawesson's reagent or phosphorous pen- tasulphide.
6. Process for the preparation of N-oxides of the thio- carbostyril derivative of Formula 1 or of aripiprazole, which process comprises reacting the thio-carbostyril derivative of Formula 1 and aripiprazole, respectively, with m- chloroperbenzoic acid.
7. Use of a thio-carbostyril derivative, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole as identified in claim 1, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in mammals, including man.
8. Use according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutical com- position is for the treatment of dopamine receptor related central nervous neuro-psychiatric diseases and/or for treating circulatory disorders.
9. Use according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is for the treatment of schizophrenia.
10. Use according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutical com- position is for the treatment of dyskinesias by Parkinson's disease .
11. Use according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is for the treatment of Huntington's disease.
12. Use according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is for the treatment of drug abuse.
13. Use according to claim 7, wherein the pharmaceutical com- position is for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
14. Process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition characterized in that 7- {4- [4- (2 , 3-dichloro-phenyl) - piperazin-1-yl] -butoxy} -3 , 4 -dihydro-lH-quinoline-2 -thione, its N-oxides and the N-oxides of Aripiprazole or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof is incorporated in one or more inert carriers and/or diluents by a non-chemical method.
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