JP2010136409A - チャネル状態情報を利用する多元入力−多元出力(mimo)通信システムにおけるデータを処理するための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
チャネル状態情報を利用する多元入力−多元出力(mimo)通信システムにおけるデータを処理するための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】連続相殺受信器技術が受信信号を処理するために使用され、復号データ・ストリームを提供するためにいくつかの反復を実行する。各反復について、反復のための入力(例えば、受信)信号が一以上のシンボルを提供するために処理される。シンボル・ストリームの一つが復号データ・ストリームを提供するために選択され、且つ処理される。復号データ・ストリームによる干渉は次の反復に提供される入力信号から取除かれる(即ち、相殺される)。チャネル特性が評価され、送信器システムの元に通報され、送信前のデータの処理(例えば、符号化、変調等)を調整する(即ち、適応させる)。
【選択図】図5
Description
図2はMIMO送信器システム110aの実施例のブロック図で、それはOFDMを利用しないが、(例えば、受信器システム150によって通報されたように)送信器システムに利用可能なCSIに基づいてその処理を調整することが可能である。送信器システム110aは図1におけるシステム110の送信器部分の一実施例である。システム110aは(1)変調シンボルを供給するため情報ビットを受信し、且つ処理するTXデータ・プロセッサ114a、及び(2)NT個の送信アンテナについて変調シンボルを逆多重化するTX MIMOプロセッサ120aを含む。
図3はOFDMを利用し、利用可能なCSIに基づいてその処理を調整することが可能なMIMO送信器システム110Cの実施例のブロック図である。TXデータ・プロセッサ114c内で、送信される情報ビットはいくつか(最大NL)の周波数サブチャネル・データ・ストリーム中に、即ちデータ送信に使用される各周波数サブチャネルについて1ストリーム中に逆多重化される。各周波数サブチャネル・データ・ストリームはそれぞれの周波数サブチャネル・データ・プロセッサ310に供給される。
本発明の形態は、(1)送信データを復元するため連続相殺受信器処理手法に基づいてMIMOシステムにおける受信器システムで受信信号を処理し、(2)MIMOチャネルの評価特性に基づいて送信器システムでデータ処理を調整する技術を提供する。ある形態では、連続相殺受信器処理技術(以下で記述される)は受信信号を処理するために使用される。別の形態では、チャネル特性は受信器システムで評価され、送信器システムに返報され、送信器システムはデータ処理(例えば、符号化、変調等 ) を調整(即ち、適応)するためにその情報を使用する。連続相殺受信器処理技術及び適応送信器処理技術を組合せて使用して、高動作性能がMIMOシステムのために達成される。
容量=2・log2(1+λi/σ2)
で表され、ここでλi/σ2はi番目の固有モードの受信信号電力と熱雑音との比である。このように、この例のMIMOチャンネルに関する完全なCSI処理手法の容量は二つの並列の付加白色ガウス雑音(AWGN)チャネルの容量と同一で、各々はλi/σ2によって与えられるSNRを有する。
異なる受信及び(多分)送信処理手法はMIMOチャネル特性に応じて使用され、それは分散或いは非分散の何れかで特徴付けられる。非分散MIMOチャネルは平坦なフェージング(即ち、周波数非選択性フェージング)を受け、それはシステム帯域幅が狭いとき、さらに起こりうる。分散MIMOチャネルは周波数非選択性フェージング(例えば、システム帯域幅の中で異なる減衰量)を受け、それはシステム帯域幅がある動作条件及び環境について広いとき、さらに起こりうる。連続相殺受信器処理技術は非分散及び分散MIMOチャネルの両方について使用すると有利になりうる。
図5は本発明の様々な形態及び実施例を実施することが可能な受信器システム150aのブロック図である。受信器システム150aは送信信号を受信し、且つ復元するために連続相殺受信器処理技術を実施する。(最大)NT個の送信アンテナからの送信信号はNR個のアンテナ152a〜152rの各々によって受信され、それぞれの復調器(DEMOD)154(それはまたフロント・エンド・プロセッサと云われる)に送られる。例えば、受信アンテナ152aはいくつかのアンテナからいくつかの送信信号を受信し、受信アンテナ152rは同様に多数の送信信号を受信する。各復調器154はそれぞれの受信信号を調整(例えば、濾波及び増幅)し、調整された信号を中間周波数またはベースバンドにダウンコンバートし、標本を供給するためにダウンコンバート信号をディジタル化する。各復調器154は受信変調シンボルのストリームを生成するため受信パイロットと共に標本を復調し、それはRX MIMO/データ・プロセッサに供給される。
上で述べたように、 いくつかの線形空間処理技術は他の送信信号ストリームによって引起こされる干渉から各送信信号ストリームを復元するため非分散チャネルを経由して受信される信号を処理するために使用される。これらの技術はCCMI、MMSE、及び恐らくは他の技術を含む。線形空間処理はNR個の入力信号に関して各チャネルMIMO/データ・プロセッサ520内で行われる。最初の受信器処理段510aについて、入力信号は受信アンテナからのNR個の受信信号である。そして、続く各段については、上述のように、入力信号は前の段の干渉相殺器からのNR個の修正信号である。明確にするために、CCMI及びMMSE技術は最初の段について記述される。しかしながら、続く各段の処理は入力信号を適切に代用して同様の方法で行われる。特に、続く各段では、前の段で検出された信号が相殺されると仮定され、従って、以下に記述されるように、チャネル係数行列の次元は各段で低減される。
上で述べたように、いくつかの空間−時間処理技術は時間分散チャネルを経由して受信される信号を処理するために使用される。これらの技術は非分散チャネルについて上で記述された空間処理技術に関連してMMSE−LE、DFE、MLSE、及び恐らくは他の技術といった時間領域チャネル等化技術の使用を含む。空間−時間処理は各チャネルMIMO/データ・プロセッサ520の中でNR個の入力信号について行われる。
時間分散の存在のもとでは、チャネル係数行列Hは遅延次元上にとり、行列Hの各要素は係数ではなくて一次伝達関数として振舞う。この場合には、チャネル係数行列Hはチャネル伝達関数行列H(τ)の形式で書くことができ、それは
H(τ)={hij(τ)} 但し、1≦i≦NR 及び 1≦j≦NT 式(21)
で表すことができ、ここでhij(τ)はj番目の送信アンテナからi番目の受信アンテナへの一次伝達関数である。一次伝達関数hij(τ)の結果として、受信信号ベクトルr(t)はチャネル伝達関数行列H(τ)の送信信号ベクトルx(t) との畳込みであり、それは
φzz(k)=E{z(λ−k)zH(λ)} 式(31)
で表すことができる。白色(時間的に相関のない)雑音については、φzz(k)=φzzδ(k)で、この場合のφzz は空間相関行列のみを表す。等しい電力をもつ空間的及び時間的に相関のない雑音については、φzz(k)=σ2Iδ(k)である。
図6CはDFE空間−時間等化技術を実施することが可能なチャネルMIMO/データ・プロセッサ520zの実施例のブロック図である。チャネルMIMO/データ・プロセッサ520zはDFE処理を行い、RXデータ・プロセッサ620に接続された空間−時間プロセッサ610zを含む。
図8は干渉相殺器530xのブロック図で、それは図5における干渉相殺器530の一実施例である。干渉相殺器530x内では、同じ段の中のチャネルMIMO/データ・プロセッサ520からの復号データ・ストリームはMIMO処理前の送信器の変調シンボル及びチャネルの歪みの評価値である、再変調シンボルを提供するためチャネル・データ・プロセッサ210yによって再符号化され、インタリーブされ、且つ再変調される。チャネル・データ・プロセッサ210yはデータ・ストリームについて送信器で行われたのと同じ処理(例えば、符号化、インタリーブ、及び変調)を行う。そして、再変調されたシンボルはチャネル・シミュレータ810に供給され、それは復号データ・ストリームによる干渉の評価値を提供するため評価チャネル応答によってシンボルを処理する。
簡単にするため、本発明の様々な形態及び実施例はどこでCSIがSNRを含むかを上で述べてきた。一般に、CSIは通信回線の特性を表しているあらゆる型の情報を含む。様々な型の情報はCSIとして提供され、そのいくつかの例は以下に記述される。
・米国特許第5,903,554号「スペクトラム拡散通信システムにおける回線品質を測定する方法及び装置(METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING LINK QUALITY IN A SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM)」(1999年5月11日発行)、
・米国特許第5,056,109号及び第5,265,119号 「CDMAセルラ携帯電話システムにおいて送信電力を制御する方法及び装置(METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION POWER IN A CDMA CELLULAR MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM)」(双方とも同じ名称で、1991年10月8日及び1993年11月23日にそれぞれ発行)、及び
・米国特許第6,097,972号「CDMA携帯電話システムにおいて電力制御信号を処理する方法及び装置(METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING POWER CONTROL SIGNALS IN CDMA MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM)」(2000年8月1日発行)。
様々な動作手法がここに記載される適応送信器処理(利用可能なCSIに依存する)及び連続相殺受信器処理技術を使用するMIMOシステムのために実施される。これらいくつかの動作手法は以下に詳述される。
システム動作性能の改善は利用可能なCSIに基づいて連続相殺受信器処理技術及び適応送信器処理技術を用いて実現される。CSIフィードバックによるシステムの処理能力は計算されて、完全CSIフィードバックによる処理能力に対して比較される。システム処理能力は、
Claims (57)
- 多元入力−多元出力(MIMO)通信システムの受信器ユニットでデータを処理するための方法であって:
1つ以上のシンボル・ストリームの中の1つのための復号されたデータ・ストリームを提供するために1つ以上のデータ・ストリームに対応する1つ以上のシンボル・ストリームを含んだ複数の入力信号を処理すること;
前記入力信号に基づいて複数の修正信号を導出し、復号されたデータ・ストリームによる成分がほぼ取り除かれること;
前記処理することを実行し、1つ以上の反復各々のために前記導出を選択的に実行すること、なお、復号されるべき各データ・ストリームに対して1つの反復であり、最初の反復の後の各反復のための前記入力信号は、前の反復からの前記修正信号である;
前記データ・ストリームを送信するために使用されるMIMOチャネルの特性を表すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を決定すること、なお、前記データ・ストリームは、前記CSIの一部分に基づいて送信器ユニットで適応的に処理される、
を含むデータ処理方法。 - 導出は最後の反復について省略される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記処理することは、
前記1つ以上のシンボル・ストリームを供給するために特定の受信処理スキームに従って前記入力信号を処理すること、及び
前記復号データ・ストリームを供給するために前記1つ以上のシンボル・ストリームの中の選択された1つを処理すること、
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 各反復は、
前記入力信号に含まれる1つ以上の未処理シンボル・ストリーム各々の品質を評価すること;
前記1つ以上の未処理シンボル・ストリームのために評価された品質に基づいて処理のために1つの未処理シンボル・ストリームを選択すること、
をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 各未処理シンボル・ストリームの品質は信号対雑音プラス干渉比(SNR)に基づいて評価される、請求項4記載の方法。
- 最良の評価品質を有する未処理シンボル・ストリームが処理のために選択される、請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記受信処理スキームは、前記入力信号で線型空間処理を実行する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 受信処理手法はチャネル相関行列反転(CCMI)技術を実施する、請求項7記載の方法。
- 受信処理手法は最小二乗平均誤差(MMSE)技術を実施する、請求項7記載の方法。
- 受信処理スキームは、完全CSI処理技術を実施する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記受信処理スキームは、前記入力信号で空間−時間処理を実行する、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 受信処理手法は最小二乗平均誤差線形空間−時間等化器(MMSE−LE)を実施する、請求項11記載の方法。
- 受信処理手法は判断フィードバック空間−時間等化器(DFE)を実施する、請求項11記載の方法。
- 受信処理手法は最大尤度系列評価器(MLSE)を実施する、請求項11記載の方法。
- 導出は
復号データ・ストリームに基づいて再変調シンボル・ストリームを生成すること;
再変調シンボル・ストリームに基づいて複数の干渉信号を形成すること;及び
連続する反復について、入力信号として役立つ修正信号を導出するために入力信号から干渉信号を除去することを含む、請求項1記載の方法。 - 干渉信号がMIMOチャネルの特性を表すチャネル係数行列Hに基づいて形成される、請求項15記載の方法。
- さらに受信器ユニットから送信器ユニットへCSIを送信することを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIがMIMOチャネルを構成する一以上の送信チャネルについての信号対雑音プラス干渉比(SNR)を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIがMIMOチャネルを構成する一以上の送信チャネルについての特徴付けを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIがデータ送信のために使用される一以上の各送信チャネルによって支援される特定のデータ率の指示を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIが一以上の各送信チャネルのために使用されるべき特定の処理手法を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIが一以上の送信チャネルについて信号測定及び雑音プラス干渉測定を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIが一以上の送信チャネルについて信号測定、雑音測定、及び干渉測定を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIが一以上の送信チャネルについて信号対雑音測定及び干渉測定を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIが一以上の送信チャネルについて信号成分及び雑音プラス干渉成分を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIが一以上の送信チャネルの特性における変化の指示を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIが受信器ユニットで決定され、送信器ユニットに通報される、請求項1記載の方法。
- CSIが受信器ユニットによって送信される一以上の信号に基づいて送信器ユニットに通報される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 各データ・ストリームは、前記データ・ストリームを送信するために使用される前記送信チャネルの前記CSIに基づいて選択された符号化スキームに従って前記送信器ユニットで符号化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 各データ・ストリームは、データ・ストリームを送信するために使用される送信チャネルのCSIに基づいて選択された符号化スキームに従って独立に符号化される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 各データ・ストリームは、前記データ・ストリームを送信するために使用される前記送信チャネルの前記CSIに基づいて選択された変調スキームに従ってさらに変調される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 符号化及び変調手法がCSIに基づいて送信器ユニットで選択される、請求項31記載の方法。
- 符号化及び変調手法がCSIによって指示される、請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記選択されたシンボル・ストリームの前記処理することは、
復調シンボルを供給するために前記シンボル・ストリームを復調すること、及び
前記復号データ・ストリームを供給するために前記復調シンボルを復号すること、
を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記選択されたシンボル・ストリームの前記処理することは、
前記復調シンボルを逆インタリーブすることを含み、なお、前記復号は、前記復号データ・ストリームを供給するために前記逆インタリーブ上で実行される、請求項34に記載の方法。 - MIMOシステムが直交周波数分割変調(OFDM)を実施する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 受信器ユニットにおける処理が複数の各周波数サブチャネルについて独立して実行される、請求項36記載の方法。
- 多元入力−多元出力(MIMO)通信システムの受信器ユニットでデータを処理する方法であって:
複数の受信アンテナを介して複数の信号を受信すること;
複数の送信データ・ストリームに対応する複数のシンボル・ストリームを供給するために特定の受信処理スキームに従って前記受信信号を処理すること;
復号データ・ストリームを供給するために前記複数のシンボル・ストリームの中の選択された1つを処理すること;
前記復号データ・ストリームに基づいて複数の干渉信号を形成すること;
前記受信信号及び前記干渉信号に基づいて複数の修正信号を導出すること;
前記受信信号及び前記選択された1つのシンボル・ストリームの処理を実行し、1つ以上の反復に対して前記形成及び導出を実行すること、なお、復号されるべき各送信データ・ストリームに対して1回の反復である、最初の反復は、前記受信信号で実行され、その後の各反復は、前の反復からの前記修正信号で実行される;及び
前記データ・ストリームを送信するために使用されるMIMOチャネルの特性を表すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を決定すること、なお、前記データ・ストリームは、前記CSIの一部分に基づいて送信器ユニットで適応的に処理される、
を含む、データを処理する方法。 - 多元入力−多元出力(MIMO)通信システムの送信器ユニットから受信器ユニットにデータを通信するための方法であって:
前記受信器ユニットでは、
複数のアンテナを介して複数の信号を受信すること、なお、各受信信号は、前記送信器ユニットから送信される1つ以上の信号の組合せを含む、
前記送信器ユニットから送信される複数の復号データ・ストリームを供給するために連続相殺受信器処理技術に従って前記受信信号を処理すること、
前記データ・ストリームを送信するために使用されるMIMOチャネルの特性を表すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を決定すること、
前記CSIを送信器ユニットに送信し返すこと;及び
前記送信器ユニットでは、
前記受信したCSIに従って前記MIMOチャネルを通じて送信前に各データ・ストリームを適応的に処理すること、
を含む、方法。 - 前記連続相殺受信器処理スキームは、復号データ・ストリームを供給するために複数の反復を実行すること、なお、各復号されたデータ・ストリームに対して1回の反復である、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 各反復は、
1つ以上のシンボル・ストリームを供給するために特定の線形又は非線形処理スキームに従って複数の入力信号を処理すること、
復号データ・ストリームを供給するために前記1つ以上のシンボル・ストリームの中の選択された1つを処理すること、及び
前記入力信号に基づいて複数の修正信号を導出し、前記復号されたデータ・ストリームによる成分がほぼ取り除かれること、
最初の反復のための前記入力信号は、前記受信信号であり、その後の各反復は前の反復からの前記修正信号であること、
を含む、請求項40に記載の方法。 - CSIがMIMOチャネルを構成する一以上の送信チャネルの各々についての信号対雑音プラス干渉比(SNR)を含む、請求項39記載の方法。
- CSIがMIMOチャネルを構成する一以上の送信チャネルの各々によって支援される特定のデータ率の指示を含む、請求項39記載の方法。
- CSIがMIMOチャネルを構成する一以上の送信チャネルの各々のために使用される特定の処理手法の指示を含む、請求項39記載の方法。
- 前記送信器ユニットで適応的に処理することは、
前記データ・ストリームに関連する前記CSIに基づいて選択された特定の符号化スキームに従って前記データ・ストリームを符号化することを含む、請求項39記載の方法。 - 送信器ユニットにおける適応処理はさらに
データ・ストリームに関連するCSIに基づいて選択される特定の変調手法に従って符号化データ・ストリームを変調することを含む、請求項39記載の方法。 - 多元入力−多元出力(MIMO)通信システムであって:
受信器ユニット及び送信器ユニットを具備し、
前記受信器ユニットは、
複数のシンボル・ストリームを供給するために複数の受信信号を処理するように構成された複数のフロント・エンド・プロセッサ、
前記フロント・エンド・プロセッサとカップルし、複数の復号データ・ストリームを供給するために連続相殺受信器処理手法に従って前記シンボル・ストリームを処理し、さらにデータ・ストリームを送信するために使用されるMIMOチャネルの特性を表すチャネル状態情報(CSI)を導出するように構成された少なくとも一つの受信プロセッサ、及び
前記受信プロセッサと適切に作用するようカップルし、前記送信器ユニットに前記CISを送信し返して処理するように構成された送信データ・プロセッサ、
を具備する;及び
前記送信器ユニットは、
前記送信されたCSIを復元するために受信器ユニットからの1つ以上の信号を受信し、処理するように構成された少なくとも一つの復調器、及び
前記復元されたCSIに基づいて前記受信器ユニットにデータを適応的に処理するように構成された送信データ・プロセッサ、
を具備する、
多元入力−多元出力(MIMO)通信システム。 - 多元入力−多元出力(MIMO)通信システムにおける受信器ユニットであって:
複数の受信シンボル・ストリームを供給するために複数の受信信号を処理するように構成された複数のフロント・エンド・プロセッサ;
前記フロント・エンド・プロセッサとカップルし、複数の復号データ・ストリームを供給するために前記受信シンボル・ストリームを処理するように構成された少なくとも1つの受信プロセッサ、なお、各受信プロセッサは、複数の処理段階を含み、各段階は、復号データ・ストリームそれぞれ及び前記復号データ・ストリームに関連するチャネル状態情報(CSI)を供給するために入力シンボル・ストリームを処理し、次の段階のための修正シンボル・ストリームを選択的に供給するように構成され、各段階の前記入力シンボル・ストリームは、前の段階からの前記受信シンボル・ストリームかまたは前記修正シンボル・ストリームかである;及び
前記受信器ユニットから送信のための前記復号データ・ストリームに関連する前記CSI情報を受信し、処理するように構成された送信プロセッサ、なお、前記データ・ストリームは、前記CSIの一部分に基づいて送信前に適応的に処理される、
を含む、受信器ユニット。 - 最後の段階を除く各段階は、
復号データ・ストリームを供給するために前記入力シンボル・ストリームを処理するように構成されたチャネル・プロセッサ、及び
前記復号データ・ストリーム及び前記入力シンボル・ストリームに基づいて前記修正シンボル・ストリームを導出するように構成された干渉相殺器を含む、請求項48に記載の受信器ユニット。 - 各チャネル・プロセッサは、
復元シンボル・ストリームを供給するために前記入力シンボル・ストリームを処理するように構成された入力プロセッサ、及び
前記復号データ・ストリームを供給するために前記復元シンボル・ストリームを処理するように構成されたデータ・プロセッサを含む、請求項48に記載の受信器ユニット。 - 各入力プロセッサは、
前記復元シンボル・ストリームを供給するために線形又は非線形受信処理スキームに従って前記入力シンボル・ストリームを処理するように構成された第1のプロセッサ、及び
前記復元シンボル・ストリームの品質を評価するように構成されたチャネル品質評価器を含む、請求項50に記載の受信器ユニット。 - 評価品質が信号対雑音プラス干渉比(SNR)を含む、請求項51記載の受信器ユニット。
- チャネル品質評価器がさらに品質評価に基づいて復元シンボル・ストリームについて支援されるデータ率の指示を提供するように構成される、請求項51記載の受信器ユニット。
- 前記チャネル品質評価器は、前記品質評価に基づいて前記復元シンボル・ストリームのための送信器ユニットで使用される特定の処理スキームの指示を提供するように更に構成される、請求項51に記載の受信器ユニット。
- 評価品質が受信器ユニットの出力で検出される雑音プラス干渉レベルを表す誤差信号を含む、請求項51記載の受信器ユニット。
- 第一のプロセッサが入力シンボル・ストリームに線形空間処理を実行する、請求項51記載の受信器ユニット。
- 第一のプロセッサが入力シンボル・ストリームに空間−時間処理を実行する、請求項51記載の受信器ユニット。
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WO1998009381A1 (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-03-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | High capacity wireless communication using spatial subchannels |
EP0951091A2 (en) * | 1998-04-15 | 1999-10-20 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Wireless communications system having a space-time architecture employing multi-element antennas at both the transmitter and receiver |
JPH11355373A (ja) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-24 | Fujitsu Ltd | 適応変調方式 |
JP2002152228A (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-24 | Sony Corp | 情報処理装置および情報処理方法、記録媒体、並びに通信システムおよび通信方法 |
Cited By (1)
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JP2011091791A (ja) * | 2009-09-24 | 2011-05-06 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | 移動体用電力線通信方法 |
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