JP2007513081A - 細胞接着のモジュレーター - Google Patents
細胞接着のモジュレーター Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007513081A JP2007513081A JP2006539668A JP2006539668A JP2007513081A JP 2007513081 A JP2007513081 A JP 2007513081A JP 2006539668 A JP2006539668 A JP 2006539668A JP 2006539668 A JP2006539668 A JP 2006539668A JP 2007513081 A JP2007513081 A JP 2007513081A
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- Prior art keywords
- compound
- heteroaryl
- aryl
- moiety
- independently
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
- A61K31/4725—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願第60/560,517号(2004年4月8日出願)および米国仮特許出願第60/517,535号(2003年11月5日)への優先権を主張する。これら仮特許出願の内容全体は、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
最近10年間に行われた研究は、体内の細胞−細胞相互作用に伴う分子事象、特に免疫システムにおける細胞の動きおよび活性化に関連する事象を解明する手助けをしてきた。一般的な例として、非特許文献1を参照。したがって、細胞表面タンパク質、特にLFA−1、MAC−1およびgp150.95(以下、それぞれ、CD18/CD11a、CD18/CD11bおよびCD18/CD11cと言う)を始めとする細胞接着分子(「CAM」)および「白血球インテグリン」は、創傷部位への白血球溢出および白血球の異なる標的への動きの過程における関与を目標として持つ、医薬的研究および開発の主題である。たとえば、炎症応答の必須構成要件である白血球溢出の前に、恒常的に白血球上に発現するインテグリンの活性化が起こり、続いて、ICAM−1、ICAM−2、ICAM−3またはICAM−4と表され、血管内皮細胞表面および他の白血球上に発現する、インテグリン(たとえばLFA−1)と1個または数個の異なる細胞間接着分子(ICAM)との間の密接なリガンド/受容体相互作用が起こることが現在信じられている。CAMの白血球インテグリンとの相互作用は、免疫システムの正常な機能化の重要なステップである。抗原提供、T細胞介在細胞毒性および白血球溢出などの免疫過程では全て、白血球インテグリンと相互作用するICAMが介在する細胞接着を必要とすると信じられている。たとえば、非特許文献2および非特許文献3参照。
先に検討したように、CAMおよび白血球インテグリンの間の相互作用を調整することができる新規の治療法の開発に関する必要性が残っている。本発明は、本明細書中に一般的におよびその変形を記載するように、一般式(I):
本明細書で使用される用語「脂肪族」は、飽和および不飽和の両方を含み、直鎖(すなわち非分岐状)または分岐状脂肪族炭化水素であり、必要に応じて、1個以上の官能基で置換されている。当業者に理解されるように、本明細書では「脂肪族」としてアルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル部分が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。したがって本明細書で使用されるように、用語「アルキル」は直鎖および分岐状アルキル基が含まれる。同じ約束事が他の一般的用語、たとえば、「アルケニル」、「アルキニル」などにも適用される。さらに、本明細書で使用されるように、用語「アルキル」、「アルケニル」、「アルキニル」などは、置換された基および非置換基の両方を包含する。ある実施形態では、本明細書で使用されるように、「低級アルキル」は、約1〜6個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基(置換された、非置換の、分岐状または非分岐状)を示して使用される。
用語「ヘテロ脂肪族」は、本明細書で使用されるように、主鎖中の1個以上の炭素原子がヘテロ原子で置換されている脂肪族部分を言う。このように、ヘテロ脂肪族基は、たとえば、炭素原子の代わりに1個以上の酸素、イオウ、窒素、リンまたはケイ素原子を含む脂肪族鎖を言う。ヘテロ脂肪族部分は、直鎖または分岐状で、飽和または不飽和であってもよい。ある実施形態では、ヘテロ脂肪族部分は、1個以上の水素原子が、以下に示す部分の1個以上による独立した置換えによって置換されてもよい。前記部分として、脂肪族;脂環式;ヘテロ脂肪族;複素環式;芳香族;ヘテロ芳香族;アリール;ヘテロアリール;アルキルアリール;アルキルヘテロアリール;アルコキシ;アリールオキシ;ヘテロアルコキシ;ヘテロアリールオキシ;アルキルチオ;アリールチオ;ヘテロアルキルチオ;ヘテロアリールチオ;F;Cl;Br;I;−OH;−NO2;−CN;−CF3;−CH2CF3;−CHCl2;CH2OH;−CH2CH2OH;−CH2NH2;−CH2SO2CH3;−C(O)Rx;−CO2(Rx);−CON(Rx)2;−OC(O)Rx;−OCO2Rx;−OCON(Rx)2;N(Rx)2;−S(O)2Rx;−NRx(CO)Rx(式中、Rxは、それぞれ独立して、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族、ヘテロ芳香族、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール、ヘテロアルキルアリールまたはヘテロアルキルヘテロアリールが挙げられ、前記のおよび本明細書で記載される脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール置換基のいかなるものも、置換もしくは非置換の、分岐状または非分岐状の、飽和または不飽和であってよく、および前記のおよび本明細書で記載される芳香族、ヘテロ芳香族、アリールまたはヘテロアリール置換基のいかなるものも、置換されまたは非置換であってもよいが、これらに限定されない)が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。一般的に適用しうる置換基のさらなる例示として、本明細書で記載される実施例中に示される特定の実施形態が例示される。
本発明は、細胞間接着分子(たとえば、ICAM−1、ICAM−2およびICAM−3)と、受容体の白血球インテグリンファミリーとの間の相互作用を調整する化合物を提供する。ある実施形態では、本発明の化合物は拮抗物であり、CD11/CD18介在障害の治療に有用である。特定の関心事のある実施形態では、本発明の化合物は、Mac−1およびLFA−1介在障害の治療に有用である。さらにまた別の実施形態では、該化合物は、2、3例を挙げると、たとえば、炎症性障害および自己免疫障害のようなLFA−1介在障害の治療に有用である。
本発明の化合物は、以下に規定する一般式(I):
式中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、水素、アミノ酸側鎖、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分であり、R1およびR2は一緒になって脂環式または複素環式部分を、または一緒になって
R3は、−C(=O)OR3A、−C(=O)H、−CH2OR3A、−CH2O−C(=O)−アルキル、−C(=O)NH(R3A)または−CH2X0;(式中、各R3Aは独立して、水素、保護基、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分であり、またはR3AはR1またはR2と一緒になって複素環式部分を形成する);(式中、X0はF、Cl、BrまたはIから選択されるハロゲン)であり;
R4は、それぞれ独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分であり、または−GRG1(式中、Gは−O−、−S−、−NRG2−、−CO−、−SO−、−SO2−、−C(=O)O−、−C(=O)NRG2−、−OC(=O)−、−NRG2C(=O)−または−SO2NRG2−、およびRG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分)であり;
nは0〜3の整数であり;
AR1は、芳香族、ヘテロ芳香族、脂環式または複素環式部分であり;
A、B、DおよびEは、原子価が合うように単結合または二重結合によって結合され、A、B、DおよびEはそれぞれ独立して、C=O、CRiRii、NRi、CRi、N、O、S、S(=O)またはSO2(式中、各Riは、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分、または−GRG1(式中、Gは−O−、−S−、−NRG2−、−CO−、−SO−、−SO2−、−C(=O)O−、−C(=O)NRG2−、−OC(=O)−、−NRG2C(=O)−または−SO2NRG2−であり、RG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分であり、Riの任意の2個の隣り合う基は一緒になって脂環式、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分を示す)である)であり;
pは0〜4の整数であり;および
Lは存在しない、またはV−W−X−Y−Z(式中、各V、W、X、YおよびZは独立して、存在しないか、C=O、NRL1、−O−、−C(RL1)=、=C(RL1)−、−C(RL1)(RL2)、C(=N−O−RL1)、C(=N−RL1)、−N=、S(O)0−2;置換もしくは非置換のC1−6アルキリデンまたはC2−6アルケニリデン鎖であり、2個までの隣り合わないメチレン単位は、独立して、必要に応じて、−C(=O)−、−CO2−、−C(=O)C(=O)−、−C(=O)NRL3−、−OC(=O)−、−OC(=O)NRL3−、−NRL3NRL4−、−NRL3NRL4C(=O)−、−NRL3C(=O)−、−NRL3CO2−、−NRL3C(=O)NRL4−、−S(=O)−、−SO2−、−NRL3SO2−、−SO2NRL3−、−NRL3SO2NRL4−、−O−、−S−または−NRL3−で置き換えられており;各RL3およびRL4は独立して、水素、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、芳香族、ヘテロ芳香族またはアシルであり;または脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分であり;および各RL1およびRL2は独立して、水素、ヒドロキシル、保護されたヒドロキシル、アミノ、保護されたアミノ、チオ、保護されたチオ、ハロゲン、シアノ、イソシアネート、カルボキシ、カルボキシアルキル、フォルミル、フォルミルオキシ、アジド、ニトロ、ウレイド、チオウレイド、チオシアネート、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、メルカプト、スルホンアミド、ベンズアミド、トシル、または脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分であり、1以上のRL1およびRL2が一緒になって、あるいはV、W、X、YまたはZの1つと一緒になって、脂環式または複素環式部分または芳香族またはヘテロ芳香族部分を形成する。
Y1、Y2およびY3はそれぞれ独立して、CR4またはNであり;
ただし、ARが構造:
xi)前記サブセットx)の式中のC(=O)NHCH(CO2R3A)CH(Rs)Ar2が以下の立体化学を持つ化合物。
xiii)−C(=O)NHCH(CO2R3A)CH2NHC(=O)R1Aが以下の立体化学を持つ前記サブセットxii)の化合物。
xv)−C(=O)NHCH(CO2R3A)CH2N(R2A)Ar2が以下の立体化学を持つ前記サブセットxiv)の化合物
xix)C(=O)NHCH(CO2R3A)CH2N(R2A)C(=NR2C)R2Dが以下の構造を持つ前記サブセットxvii)の化合物。
xx)C(=O)NHCH(CO2R3A)CH2N(R2A)C(=NR2C)R2Dが以下の構造を持つ前記サブセットxvii)の化合物。
xxi)C(=O)NHCH(CO2R3A)CH2N(R2A)C(=NR2C)R2Dが以下の構造を持つ前記サブセットxvii)の化合物。
xxvi)R2D、またはR2EおよびR2Fが、これらが結合する窒素原子と一緒になって以下の構造の1つを持つ部分を形成する前記サブセットxxv)の化合物。
xxvii)R2D、またはR2EおよびR2Fが、これらが結合する窒素原子と一緒になって以下の構造の1つを持つ部分を形成する前記サブセットxxvi)の化合物。
xxix)R2DがAr2であり、Ar2が以下の構造の1つである、サブセットx)〜xii)、xiv)〜xv)およびxxviii)の化合物およびサブセットxvi)の化合物。
xxx)Ar2が以下の構造の1つである前記サブセットxxix)の化合物。
xxxi)前記サブセットxxx)の化合物であって、各RP1は独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−P(=O)(YRP5)2、低級アルキルまたはヘテロアルキル部分、またはGRG1(式中、Gは、−O−、−S−、−NRG2−または−SO2−であり、RG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、低級アルキルまたはアリールである)であり;各Yは独立して、結合手またはOであり;各RP5は独立して、低級アルキル、またはYがOのときRP5は水素でもよく;各RP2は独立して、水素、低級アルキルまたは窒素保護基であり;隣り合う任意の2個のRP1およびRP2は一緒になってシクロアルキル、複素環式、アリールまたはヘテロアリール部分を形成してもよい化合物。
xxxiii)sが0である前記サブセットxxix)、xxx)およびxxxii)の化合物。
xxxvii)Ar2が以下の構造の1つである前記サブセットx)およびxi)の化合物。
xl)RSが水素、ヒドロキシルまたは低級アルコキシであり、Ar2が以下の構造の1つである、前記サブセットx)およびxi)の化合物。
xli)R1Aが、アルキルまたは−NR1BR1Cであり、R1BおよびR1Cが独立して、水素または低級アルキルである、前記サブセットxii)およびxiii)の化合物。
xliii)R1Aが−NH2または以下の構造を持つ部分である前記サブセットxii)およびxiii)化合物。
xlv)サブセットxliv)の化合物であって、sは0と2との間の整数であり;各RP1は独立して、低級アルキルまたは−GRG1(式中、Gは、−O−または−NRG2−であり、RG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、複素環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり;各RP2は独立して、水素、低級アルキル、アリールまたはヘテロアリールである)である化合物。
xlvii)R1Aが下記構造の1つを持つ部分である前記サブセットxlvi)の化合物。
xlviii)R3が−C(=O)OR3A(式中、R3Aは前記サブセットii)〜ix)の任意の1つに規定された通り)であり、−C(=O)NHC(R1)(R2)R3が以下の構造を持つ部分である。
sは0〜5の整数であり;各RP1は独立して、水素、ハロゲン、CN、NO2、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、複素環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分、または−GRG1(式中、Gは、−O−、−S−、−NRG2−、−CO−、−SO−、−SO2−、−C(=O)O−、−C(=O)NRG2−、−OC(=O)−、−NRG2C(=O)−または−SO2NRG2−であり、RG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、複素環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり;RP3は、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリールまたはヘテロアリールである)である。)
l)sが0である前記サブセットxlix)の化合物。
lviii)バイオアイソスターが以下の構造の1つを持つ前記サブセットlvii)の化合物。
lx)−C(=O)NHC(=CHAr2)CO2R3Aが以下の構造を持つサブセットxxviii)の化合物。
lxi)R3が、−C(=O)OR3A(式中、R3Aは、前記サブセットii)〜ix)の任意の1つに規定された通りであり、−C(=O)NHC(R1)(R2)R3は、構造:C(=O)NHC(=C(RS)Ar2)CO2R3A(式中、R3AおよびRSは一緒になって置換もしくは非置換の複素環式部分を形成する)である。
lxiii)−C(=O)NHC(=C(RS)Ar2)CO2R3Aが、以下の構造の1つを持つサブセットlxi)の化合物。
lxiv)Lは、存在しない、−C(=O)、−CH2C(=O)NH−、−CH2NH−C(=O)−、−O−CH2−C(=O)−、−CH2−CH2−C(=O)−、−CH=CH−C(=O)NH−CH2−、−CH(OH)−CH2−O−、−CH(OH)−CH2−N(CH3)−、−CH(OH)−CH2−CH2−、−CH2−CH2−CH(OH)−、−O−CH2−CH(OH)−、−O−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−、−O−CH2−CH2−CH(OH)−、O−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH2−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−O、−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH−(CH3)−NH−C(=O)−、−CH2−NH−SO2−、−NH−SO2−CH2−、−CH2−SO2−NH−、−SO2NH−CH2−、−C(=O)−NH−C(=O)−、−NH−C(=O)−NH−、−NH−C(=O)−NH−CH2−、−CH2−NH−C(=O)−NH−、−C(=O)−NH−CH2−C(=O)−NH、−NH−C(=O)−O−、−O−C(=O)−NH−;または置換もしくは非置換のC1−6アルキリデンまたはC2−6アルケニリデン鎖(鎖中、2個までの隣り合わないメチレン単位は独立して、必要に応じて、−C(=O)−、−CO2−、−C(=O)C(=O)−、−C(=O)NRL3−、−OC(=O)−、−OC(=O)NRL3−、−NRL3NRL4−、NRL3NRL4C(=O)−、NRL3C(=O)−、NRL3CO2−、NRL3C(=O)NRL4−、−S(=O)−、−SO2−、−NRL3SO2−、SO2NRL3−、NRL3SO2NRL4−、−O−、−S−または−NRL3−で置き換えられる)であり;各RL3およびRL4は独立して、水素、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリールまたはアシルである。
lxxii)Lは構造:
lxxiv)AR1は以下の構造の1つである。
lxxv)AR1は以下の構造の1つである。
lxxvi)AR1は以下の構造の1つである。
lxxvii)AR1は以下の構造の1つである。
xc)−C(=O)NHC(R1)(R2)R3が構造:
上記したおよび本明細書に記載される各クラスおよびサブクラスに関し、1以上の任意の脂肪族またはヘテロ脂肪族は独立して、置換もしくは非置換の、環状または非環状の、直鎖または分岐状であってもよく、1以上の任意のアリール、ヘテロアリール、シクロ脂肪族、シクロヘテロ脂肪族は置換されても、また非置換であってもよいことは理解されるであろう。
R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素、アミノ酸側鎖、−(CH2)mOH、−(CH2)mアリール、−(CH2)mヘテロアリール(式中mは0〜6)、−CH(R1A)(OR1B)、−CH(R1A)(NHR1B)、U−T−Q、または必要に応じてU−T−Qで置換される脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族またはヘテロ脂環式部分(式中、Uは存在しない、−O−、−S(O)0−2−、−SO2N(R1A)、−N(R1A)−、−N(R1A)C(=O)−、−N(R1A)C(=O)−O−、−N(R1A)C(=O)−N(R1B)−、−N(R1A)−SO2−、−C(=O)−、−C(=O)−O−、−O−C(=O)−、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール、−C(=O)−N(R1A)−、−O−C(=O)−N(R1A)−、−C(=N−R1E)−、−C(=N−R1E)−O−、−C(=N−R1E)−N(R1A)−、−O−C(=N−R1E)−N(R1A)−、−N(R1A)C(=N−R1E)−、−N(R1A)C(=N−R1E)−O−、−N(R1A)C(=N−R1E)−N(R1B)−、−P(=O)(OR1A)−O−または−P(=O)(R1A)−O−であり;Tは、存在しない、脂肪族、ヘテロ脂肪族、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり;Qは、水素、ハロゲン、シアノ、イソシアネート、−OR1B、−SR1B、N(R1B)2、−NHC(=O)OR1B、−NHC(=O)N(R1B)2、−NHC(=O)R1B、−NHSO2R1B、−NHSO2N(R1B)2、−NHSO2NHC(=O)OR1B、−NHC(=O)NHSO2R1B、−C(=O)NHC(=O)OR1B、−C(=O)NHC(=O)R1B、−C(=O)NHC(=O)N(R1B)2、−C(=O)NHSO2R1B、−C(=O)NHSO2N(R1B)2、−C(=S)N(R1B)2、−SO2R1B、−SO2−O−R1B、−SO2−N(R1B)2、−SO2−NHC(=O)OR1B、−SO2NHC(=O)−N(R1B)2、−SO2NHC(=O)R1B、−O−C(=O)N(R1B)2、−O−C(=O)R1B、−O−C(=O)NHC(=O)R1B、−O−C(=O)NH−SO2R1B、−O−SO2R1B、または脂肪族ヘテロ脂肪族、アリールまたはヘテロアリール部分である);また、R1およびR2は一緒になって、脂環式または複素環式部分または
R3は、−C(=O)OR3A、−C(=O)H、−CH2OR3A、−CH2O−C(=O)−アルキル、−C(=O)NH(R3A)、−CH2X0(式中、各R3Aは独立して、水素、保護基、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール、ヘテロアルキルアリールまたはヘテロアルキルヘテロアリール部分、またはR3AはR1またはR2と一緒になって複素環式部分を形成し;X0はF、Cl、BrまたはIから選択されるハロゲンである)であり;
各R4は独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分、またはGRG1(式中、Gは、−O−、−S−、NRG2−、−CO−、−SO−、−SO2−、−C(=O)O−、−C(=O)NRG2−、−OC(=O)−、−NRG2C(=O)−または−SO2NRG2−であり、RG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり;
AR1は、単環式または多環式のアリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール、脂環式または複素環式部分であり;
A、B、DおよびEは、原子価が合うように単結合または二重結合によって結合され;A、B、DおよびEはそれぞれ独立して、C=O、CRiRii、NRi、CRi、N、O、S、S(=O)またはSO2(式中、各Riは、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分、または−GRG1(式中、Gは−O−、−S−、−NRG2−、−CO−、−SO−、−SO2−、−C(=O)O−、−C(=O)NRG2−、−OC(=O)−、−NRG2C(=O)−または−SO2NRG2−であり、RG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり、任意の2個の隣り合う基Riは一緒になって脂環式、ヘテロ脂環式、アリールまたはヘテロアリール族部分を示す)である)であり;
Lは存在しない、またはV−W−X−Y−Z(式中、各V、W、X、YおよびZは独立して、存在しないか、C=O、NRL1、−O−、−C(RL1)=、=C(RL1)−、−C(RL1)(RL2)、C(=N−O−RL1)、C(=N−RL1)、−N=、S(O)0−2;置換もしくは非置換のC1−6アルキリデンまたはC2−6アルケニリデン鎖であり、2個までの隣り合わないメチレン単位は、独立して、必要に応じて、−C(=O)−、−CO2−、−C(=O)C(=O)−、−C(=O)NRL3−、−OC(=O)−、−OC(=O)NRL3−、−NRL3NRL4−、−NRL3NRL4C(=O)−、−NRL3C(=O)−、−NRL3CO2−、−NRL3C(=O)NRL4−、−S(=O)−、−SO2−、−NRL3SO2−、−SO2NRL3−、−NRL3SO2NRL4−、−O−、−S−または−NRL3−で置き換えられており;各RL3およびRL4は独立して、水素、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリールまたはアシルであり;または脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり;および各RL1およびRL2は独立して、水素、ヒドロキシル、保護されたヒドロキシル、アミノ、保護されたアミノ、チオ、保護されたチオ、ハロゲン、シアノ、イソシアネート、カルボキシ、カルボキシアルキル、フォルミル、フォルミルオキシ、アジド、ニトロ、ウレイド、チオウレイド、チオシアネート、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、メルカプト、スルホンアミド、ベンズアミド、トシル、または脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール部分であり、1以上のRL1およびRL2が一緒になって、あるいはV、W、X、YまたはZの1つと一緒になって、脂環式もしくは複素環式部分またはアリールもしくはヘテロアリール部分を形成する。
AR1−L−が以下の構造の1つを持つ部分であり、
ある実施形態では、R2AおよびR3Aはそれぞれ水素である。
先に検討したように、この発明は、Mac−1およびLFA−1介在障害の治療のために、生物学的に有用な新規な化合物を提供する。
研究用用途
本発明によれば、本発明の化合物は、細胞間接着分子と受容体の白血球インテグリンファミリーとの間の接着を調整する、白血球に関連するCD11/CD18受容体と拮抗するおよび/またはMac−1および/またはLFA−1と拮抗する能力を持つ化合物を同定するために、当技術分野で知られた入手しうる任意のアッセイで分析してもよい。たとえば、該アッセイは、細胞内または細胞外、インビボまたはインビトロ、高処理または低処理フォーマットである。
・細胞間接着分子(たとえばICAM−l、−2および−3)と受容体の白血球インテグリンファミリーとの間の接着を調整する;
・白血球に関連するCD11/CD18受容体に拮抗する能力;
・Mac−1および/またはLFA−1に拮抗する能力を発揮する;および
・LFA−1介在障害の治療のために有用な化合物である。
先に検討したように、ある化合物は、本明細書に記載されるように、一般的に細胞間接着分子の間の接着の調整剤としての活性を発揮する。更に詳しくは、本発明の化合物は、白血球に関連するCD11/CD18受容体を拮抗する能力を示し、ある実施形態では、LFA−1相互作用を拮抗する能力を発揮する。したがって、ある実施形態では、本発明の化合物は、LFA−1介在障害の治療のために有用である。
他の実施形態では、本発明は、本発明による方法を簡単かつ効果的に行うためのキットに関する。一般的に医薬パックまたはキットは、本発明の薬学的組成物成分1以上で満たされた1以上のコンテナーを含む。そのようなキットは、特に、錠剤またはカプセルのような固体経口形態の配達用に適している。そのようなキットは、多くの単位投与量を含むのが好ましく、意図する使用の順番を指示する投与のカードも含んでもよい。所望であれば、たとえば、数字、アルファベットあるいは他の印の形で、または投与できる治療スケジュールの入ったカレンダーとともに記憶補助も備えることができる。あるいは、プラセボ投与あるいはカルシウム栄養補助食が、薬学的組成物の投与の形と類似するまたは相違する形で、投与される毎日の投与量が入ったキットを提供するように含めることもできる。必要に応じて、そのようなコンテナーに、医薬製品の製造、使用および販売を規制する政府機関によって記載されたフォームの通知を付してもよく、該通知は、ヒトへの投与に関する製造、使用または販売の機関による許可を反映する。
以下に記載する代表的な実施例は、本発明の説明を助けることを意図したものであり、本発明の範囲を解釈するあるいは限定する意図ではなく、またそのように考えるべきではない。実際、本発明の種々の変形およびさらに多くの実施形態が、本明細書中に示されかつ記載されたものに加えて存在することは、以下に記載する実施例および本明細書で挙げた化学および特許文献に関する参考例も含む、この書類の全内容から当業者には明らかになるであろう。さらにそれら列挙した参考例の内容は、技術の現状を説明するための助けとなる参考として、本明細書に組み入れられることは認められるべきである。
この発明の化合物および製造は、これらの化合物が製造され使用されるプロセスのいくつかを説明する実施例によって、さらに理解することができる。しかし、これらの実施例が本発明を限定するものではないことは理解されるであろう。現在知られているあるいは将来開発される本発明の変形も、本明細書および後の請求の範囲に記載される本発明の範囲内に入るものと考えられる。
実施者は、この発明の化合物の合成上の合成手法、保護基、および他の材料および方法の指針に関し、本明細書に含まれる情報と組み合わせて、利用するマクロライド化学の既知の文献を有する。
具体的な記載がない限り、磁気的な動力による撹拌棒を使用して反応混合物を撹拌した。不活性雰囲気とは乾燥アルゴンまたは乾燥窒素のことを言う。反応を、適切に働く反応混合物のサンプルを、薄層クロマトグラフィー、プロトン核磁気共鳴スペクトル(NMR)または高圧液クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)によってモニターした。
具体的に記載しない限り、反応混合物は、室温またはそれ以下に冷却し、もし必要ならその後、水または塩化アンモニアのアンモニア飽和水溶液で急冷した。所望の生成物は、水と適切な水と混和しない溶剤(たとえば、酢酸エチル、ジクロロメタン、ジエチルエーテル)との間で分割することによって抽出した。抽出物を含む所望の生成物は、適切に水洗し、次いで、飽和食塩水で洗浄した。抽出物を含む生成物が残留酸化物を含むと思われる場合は、前記した洗浄処理の前に、重炭酸ナトリウムの飽和水溶液中の10%亜硫酸ナトリウム溶液で抽出物を洗浄した。抽出物を含む生成物が残留酸を含むと思われる場合は、(所望の生成物それ自身が酸性である場合を除き)、前記した洗浄処理の前に、重炭酸ナトリウムの飽和水溶液で抽出物を洗浄した。抽出物を含む生成物が残留塩基を含むと思われる場合は、(所望の生成物それ自身が塩基性である場合を除き)、前記した洗浄処理の前に、10%クエン酸水溶液で抽出物を洗浄した。後洗浄を行い、抽出物を含む所望の生成物を、無水硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥し、次いでろ過した。次いで、回転蒸発を用いて、減圧下、適切な温度(一般的に45℃未満)で溶剤を除去することによって、粗生成物を単離した。
具体的な記載がない限り、クロマトグラフィーの精製は、溶離剤として単一溶剤または混合溶剤を使用した、シリカ上のフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーを言う。適切に精製された、所望の溶出液を含む生成物を集め、減圧下、適切な温度(一般的に45℃未満)で濃縮し、恒量とした。最終化合物を50%アセトニトリル水溶液に溶解し、ろ過し、バイアルに送り、次いで生物学的試験のために供する前に、高真空下で凍結乾燥した。
特記ある場合を除き、出発原料は、市販のものかあるいは当業者によって簡単に実験室的合成で入手できるものである。化合物の合成に関する処置および一般的な指針は、一般的に、クラスおよびサブクラスにおいて本明細書、以下に一般的に記載される。さらに、合成指針は、国際公開第99/49856号および02/059114号パンフレット中にも見出すこともでき、これらは、本明細書の一部を構成するものとしてその全内容を援用する。
この実施例では、
前で得た生成物をDCM(100mL)およびピリジン(50mL)中に溶解した。得られた溶液を−40℃に冷却し、これに無水トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸(51ミリモル)をゆっくりと加えた。反応混合物を徐々に室温まで4時間かけて暖めた後、該反応混合物を、酢酸エチル(500mL)と水(100mL)との間で分配し、有機層を水(100mL、2回)および食塩水(50mL)で洗浄し、無水硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥し、ろ過し、濃縮した。残渣を、5:1のヘキサン:DCM中、0〜5%酢酸エチルで溶出しながら、カラムによって精製し、対応するトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸塩を得た(9.73g、収率:48%)。
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
b)化合物9を、化合物3.7に代わりに化合物9.1を、化合物3.4の代わりに2−ヒドロキシケイ皮酸を使用した以外は実施例3gに従って製造した。
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
これらの化合物は、ステップcにおいてアンモニアの代わりに式:HNRARBで表される置換されたアミンを使用する以外は、実施例38における手順に従って製造される。置換されたアミン類および得られた化合物の具体的な例を表2に示す。
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
この実施例では、
本発明の化合物の合成で使用される各成分は、式(I)のコア構造の合成前でも確立の後でも多様化しうることは、理解されるであろう。本明細書で使用される用語「多様化」または「多様化する」は、本発明の化合物(I)または任意の前駆体フラグメント(あるいはそれらの任意のクラスあるいはサブクラス)が1以上の反応性部位で反応し、官能部分を変性するあるいは、官能部分を付け加える(たとえば、基質の求核的付加反応)を意味する。本明細書には、読者を援助するために、種々の化合物の合成において中間体成分の多様化によるあるいはコア構造の多様化による種々のスキーム、およびそのクラスおよびサブクラスが一般的に記載されている。本明細書の例示で記載された化合物とは違う化合物を生成するために、多種多様の反応を使用することができることは理解されるであろう。二重結合が化合物中に存在する数少ない実施例にあるように、本明細書で記載するエポキシおよびアジリジン誘導体化合物を生成するために、エポキシ化およびアジリジン化を行うことができる。さらに、当技術分野で知られている指針として、専門家には「Advanced Organic Chemistry」March,J.John Wiley&Sons,2001,5th edがあり、ここに本明細書の一部を構成するものとしてその全内容を援用する。
先に検討したように、LFA−ICAM相互作用は、移植拒絶、皮膚炎、乾癬、喘息およびリウマチ関節炎(これらに限定されない)を始めとする多くの炎症疾患状態に直接関与している。したがって、細胞内接着分子(たとえばICAM−1、ICAM−2およびICAM−3)と受容体の白血球インテグリンファミリーとの間の接着を調整することのできる化合物は、新規な治療法の開発において有用である。以下、ICAM−1の測定に使用されるあるアッセイ、すなわち、国際公開第99/49856号および02/05114号パンフレットに記載のLFA受容体結合、ヒトT細胞接着およびT細胞増殖を記載する。なお、これらの公報は、本明細書の一部を構成するものとしてその全内容を援用する。また、国際公開第99/49856号パンフレットには、293細胞から完全長LFA−1の製造および精製、ヒトICAM−1免疫接着の発現用のプラスミドの製造、およびICAM−1免疫接着発現する293細胞ラインの生成も記載されている。
ICAM−1:LFA受容体結合アッセイ(タンパク質/タンパク質アッセイ)
CD11a/CD18−ICAM−1相互作用の拮抗阻害は、以下に記載する2タンパク質/タンパク質アッセイシステムに従って、既知の量の阻害剤を加えることによって定量する。
精製した、完全長組み換えヒトLFA−1タンパク質を希釈し、0.02Mのヘペス、0.15MのNaClおよび1mMのMnCl2中、2.5μg/mlとし、96−ウェルプレート(50μl/ウェル)に4℃で一晩塗布する。該プレートを洗浄用緩衝液(0.05%ツイーン、PBS中)で洗浄し、室温で1時間、0.02Mのヘペス、0.15MのNaClおよび1mMのMnCl2中の1%BSAでブロックする。プレートを洗浄する。アッセイ緩衝液(0.02Mのヘペス、0.15MのNaClおよび1mMのMnCl2中の0.5%BSA)中に適切に希釈された50μl/ウェルの阻害剤を、2倍最終濃縮物に加え、室温で1時間培養する。アッセイ緩衝液中50ng/mlに希釈された、50μl/ウェルの精製した、組み換えヒト5ドメインICAM−Igを加え、室温で2時間培養する。プレートを洗浄し、結合ICAM−Igを、室温で1時間、ヤギ抗HuIgG(Fc)−HRPを用いて検出する。プレートを洗浄し、室温で10〜30分、100μl/ウェルのTMB基質で発現させる。比色定量発現を100ul/ウェルの1M H2PO4で止め、プレートリーダーで450nMの値を読む。
ヒトCD18、PLM−2に対する非官能ブロッキングモノクローナル抗体(Hildreth,et al.,によって記載される、MolecuIar Immunology,Vol.26,No.9,883−895頁,1989)を、PBS中5μg/mlに希釈し、96−ウェル平底プレートに4℃で一晩100μl/ウェル塗布する。プレートを、室温で1時間、アッセイ緩衝液(0.02Mのヘペス、0.15MのNaClおよび1mMのMnCl2)中の0.5%BSAでブロックする。プレートを、50mMのトリスpH7.5,0、1MのNaCl、0.05%のツイーン20および1mMのMnCl2で洗浄する。精製した、完全長組み換えヒトLFA−1タンパク質を希釈し、アッセイ緩衝液中2μg/mlとし、100ml/ウェルをプレートに加え、37℃で1時間培養する。プレートを3回洗浄する。アッセイ緩衝液中に適切に希釈された50μl/ウェル阻害剤を、2倍最終濃縮物に加え、37℃で30分培養する。アッセイ緩衝液中で161ng/mlに希釈された(最終濃度は80ng/ml)、50μl/ウェルの精製した、組み換えヒト5ドメインICAM−Igを加え、37℃で2時間培養する。プレートを洗浄し、結合ICAM−Igを、室温で1時間、ヤギ抗HuIgG(Fc)−HRPを用いて検出する。プレートを洗浄し、室温で5〜10分、100μl/ウェルのTMB基質で発現させる。比色定量発現を100μl/ウェルの1M H3PO4で止め、プレートリーダーで450nMの値を読む。
T細胞接着アッセイは、ヒトT−リンパ系細胞ラインHuT78を用いて行う。ヤギ抗HuIgG(Fc)を希釈してPBS中2μg/mlとし、96−ウェルプレートに37℃で1時間、50μl/ウェル塗布する。プレートをPBSで洗浄し、室温で1時間、PBS中の1%BSAでブロックする。5ドメインICAM−Igを希釈してPBS中、100ng/mlとし、50μl/ウェルをプレートO/Nに4℃で加えた。HuT78細胞を100gで遠心分離し、細胞ペレットを、5%CO2培養器中で、37℃、約5分間、5mMのEDTAで処理する。細胞を0.14MのNaCl、0.02Mのヘペス、0.2%のグルコースおよび0.1mMのMnCl2(アッセイ緩衝液)中で洗浄し、遠心分離する。細胞をアッセイ緩衝液中に再び懸濁し、3.0×106c/mlとする。阻害剤をアッセイ緩衝液中で希釈し、2倍最終濃縮物に加え、予備培養をHuT78細胞とともに室温で30分行う。100μl/ウェルの細胞および阻害剤をプレートに加え、室温で1時間培養する。100μl/ウェルのPBSを加え、プレートを封止し、100gで逆回転遠心分離を5分間行う。接着していない細胞をプレートからはじき落とし、過剰のPBSをペーパータオルで拭いとる。60μl/ウェルのp−ニトロフェニルn−アセチル−β−D−グルコサミニド(クエン酸緩衝液100mlに対し0.257g)をプレートに加え、37℃で1.5時間培養する。酵素反応を90−ウェルの50mMグリシン/5mM EDTAで止め、プレートリーダーで450nMの値を読む。5dICAM−Igに対するHUT78細胞接着を、Landegren,U.(1984)J.Immunol.Methods57,379−388のp−ニトロフェニルn−アセチル−β−D−グルコサミニド方法を使用して測定する。
このアッセイは、抗原提供細胞(Springer,Nature346:425(1990))との相互作用の時、T細胞受容体およびLFA−1の関与によって誘導される活性化によって起こるインビトロでのリンパ球増殖のモデルである。
移植(A.J.Cunningham,「Understanding Immunology,Transplantation Immunology」157〜159頁(1978)のインビトロモデルである、混合リンパ球培養モデルは、ヒト混合リンパ球応答の増殖性アームおよびエフェクターアームの両方において、種々のLFA−1拮抗物の効果を調べる。
Claims (75)
- 構造(I):
式中、R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、水素、アミノ酸側鎖、−(CH2)mOH、−(CH2)mアリール、−(CH2)mヘテロアリール(式中mは0〜6)、−CH(R1A)(OR1B)、−CH(R1A)(NHR1B)、U−T−Q、または必要に応じてU−T−Qで置換される脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族またはヘテロ脂環式部分であり、式中、Uは存在しない、−O−、−S(O)0−2−、−SO2N(R1A)、−N(R1A)−、−N(R1A)C(=O)−、−N(R1A)C(=O)−O−、−N(R1A)C(=O)−N(R1B)−、−N(R1A)−SO2−、−C(=O)−、−C(=O)−O−、−O−C(=O)−、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール、−C(=O)−N(R1A)−、−O−C(=O)−N(R1A)−、−C(=N−R1E)−、−C(=N−R1E)−O−、−C(=N−R1E)−N(R1A)−、−O−C(=N−R1E)−N(R1A)−、−N(R1A)C(=N−R1E)−、−N(R1A)C(=N−R1E)−O−、−N(R1A)C(=N−R1E)−N(R1B)−、−P(=O)(OR1A)−O−または−P(=O)(R1A)−O−であり;Tは、存在しない、脂肪族、ヘテロ脂肪族、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり;Qは、水素、ハロゲン、シアノ、イソシアネート、−OR1B、−SR1B、−N(R1B)2、−NHC(=O)OR1B、−NHC(=O)N(R1B)2、−NHC(=O)R1B、−NHSO2R1B、−NHSO2N(R1B)2、−NHSO2NHC(=O)OR1B、−NHC(=O)NHSO2R1B、−C(=O)NHC(=O)OR1B、−C(=O)NHC(=O)R1B、−C(=O)NHC(=O)N(R1B)2、−C(=O)NHSO2R1B、−C(=O)NHSO2N(R1B)2、−C(=S)N(R1B)2、−SO2R1B、−SO2−O−R1B、−SO2−N(R1B)2、−SO2−NHC(=O)OR1B、−SO2NHC(=O)−N(R1B)2、−SO2NHC(=O)R1B、−O−C(=O)N(R1B)2、−O−C(=O)R1B、−O−C(=O)NHC(=O)R1B、−O−C(=O)NH−SO2R1B、−O−SO2R1B、または脂肪族ヘテロ脂肪族、アリールまたはヘテロアリール部分であるか、あるいは、R1およびR2は一緒になって、脂環式または複素環式部分または
R3は、−C(=O)OR3A、−C(=O)H、−CH2OR3A、−CH2O−C(=O)−アルキル、−C(=O)NH(R3A)、−CH2X0(式中、各R3Aは独立して、水素、保護基、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール、ヘテロアルキルアリールまたはヘテロアルキルヘテロアリール部分であるか、あるいはR3AはR1またはR2と一緒になって複素環式部分を形成し;X0はF、Cl、BrまたはIから選択されるハロゲンである)であり;
各R4は独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分、または−GRG1であり、式中、Gは、−O−、−S−、−NRG2−、−CO−、−SO−、−SO2−、−C(=O)O−、−C(=O)NRG2−、−OC(=O)−、−NRG2C(=O)−または−SO2NRG2−であり、RG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり;
nは、0〜4の整数であり;
AR1は、単環式または多環式のアリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アルキルヘテロアリール、脂環式または複素環式部分であり;
A、B、DおよびEは、原子価が合うように単結合または二重結合によって結合され;A、B、DおよびEはそれぞれ独立して、C=O、CRiRii、NRi、CRi、N、O、S、S(=O)またはSO2であり;式中、各Riは、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分、または−GRG1であり、式中、Gは−O−、−S−、−NRG2−、−CO−、−SO−、−SO2−、−C(=O)O−、−C(=O)NRG2−、−OC(=O)−、−NRG2C(=O)−または−SO2NRG2−であり、RG1およびRG2は独立して、水素、脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリールまたはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であるか、あるいは、任意の2個の隣り合う基Riは一緒になって脂環式、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、またはヘテロアリール部分を表し;
Pは0〜4の整数であり、
Lは存在しないか、またはV−W−X−Y−Zであり、式中、各V、W、X、YおよびZは独立して、存在しないか、C=O、NRL1、−O−、−C(RL1)=、=C(RL1)−、−C(RL1)(RL2)、C(=N−O−RL1)、C(=N−RL1)、−N=、S(O)0−2;置換もしくは非置換のC1−6アルキリデンまたはC2−6アルケニリデン鎖であり、2個までの隣り合わないメチレン単位は、独立して、必要に応じて、−C(=O)−、−CO2−、−C(=O)C(=O)−、−C(=O)NRL3−、−OC(=O)−、−OC(=O)NRL3−、−NRL3NRL4−、−NRL3NRL4C(=O)−、−NRL3C(=O)−、−NRL3CO2−、−NRL3C(=O)NRL4−、−S(=O)−、−SO2−、−NRL3SO2−、−SO2NRL3−、−NRL3SO2NRL4−、−O−、−S−または−NRL3−で置き換えられており;各RL3およびRL4は独立して、水素、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリールまたはアシルであり;または脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、ヘテロ脂環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、またはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であり;および各RL1およびRL2は独立して、水素、ヒドロキシル、保護されたヒドロキシル、アミノ、保護されたアミノ、チオ、保護されたチオ、ハロゲン、シアノ、イソシアネート、カルボキシ、カルボキシアルキル、フォルミル、フォルミルオキシ、アジド、ニトロ、ウレイド、チオウレイド、チオシアネート、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、メルカプト、スルホンアミド、ベンズアミド、トシル、または脂肪族、脂環式、ヘテロ脂肪族、複素環式、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、またはアルキルヘテロアリール部分であるか、あるいは1以上のRL1およびRL2が一緒になって、またはV、W、X、YまたはZの1つと一緒になって、脂環式もしくは複素環式部分またはアリールもしくはヘテロアリール部分を形成する、
化合物。 - R3が、カルボキシル、保護されたカルボキシルまたはそれらのプロドラグであり、ここで、R3は、C(=O)R3Aであり、式中R3Aは、ヒドロキシ、アルコキシ、シクロアルコキシ、アルアルコキシ、アルシクロアルコキシ、アリールオキシ、アルキルカルボニルオキシアルキルオキシ、アルコキシカルボニルオキシアルキルオキシ、アルコキシカルボニルアルキルオキシ、シクロアルキルカルボニルオキシアルキルオキシ、シクロアルコキシカルボニルオキシアルキルオキシ、シクロアルコキシカルボニルアルキルオキシ、アリールカルボニルオキシアルキルオキシ、アリールオキシカルボニルオキシアルキルオキシ、アリールカルボニルオキシアルキルオキシ、アルコキシアルキルカルボニルオキシアルキルオキシ、または、構造:
- tが2であり、RP3が、アルキル、シクロアルキル、複素環式、アリールまたはヘテロアリール部分である、請求項20に記載の化合物。
- −C(=O)NHC(R1)(R2)R3が、以下の構造:
- R2Dは、またはR2EおよびR2Fはそれらが結合する窒素原子と一緒になって以下の構造:
- R3Aが独立して、水素、低級アルキル、フェニルまたはベンジルである、請求項17に記載の化合物。
- Ar2が、以下の構造:
- −NH(R2A)Ar2が以下の構造:
- −C(=O)NHC(R1)(R2)R3が以下の構造:
- RP3が、低級アルキルであり;RP2が、水素または低級アルキルである、請求項43に記載の化合物。
- R2DがAr2であり、該Ar2は以下の構造:
- Ar2が、以下の構造:
- −C(=O)NHC(R1)(R2)R3が、構造:−C(=O)NHC(=C(RS)Ar2)CO2R3A(式中、R3AおよびRsは、一緒になって置換もしくは非置換の複素環式部分を形成する)を有する、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが、存在しないか、または−C(=O)、−CH2C(=O)NH−、CH2NH−C(=O)−、−O−CH2−C(=O)−、−CH2−CH2−C(=O)−、−CH=CH−C(=O)NH−CH2−、−CH(OH)−CH2−O−、−CH(OH)−CH2−N(CH3)−、−CH(OH)−CH2−CH2−、−CH2−CH2−CH(OH)−、−O−CH2−CH(OH)−、−O−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−、−O−CH2−CH2−CH(OH)−、O−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH2−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−O、−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH−(CH3)NH−C(=O)−、−CH2−NH−SO2−、−NH−SO2−CH2−、−CH2−SO2−NH−、−SO2NH−CH2−、−C(=O)−NH−C(=O)−、−NH−C(=O)−NH−、−NH−C(=O)−NH−CH2−、−CH2−NH−C(=O)−NH−、−C(=O)−NH−CH2−C(=O)−NH、−NH−C(=O)−O−または−O−C(=O)−NH−;または置換もしくは非置換のC1−6アルキリデンまたはC2−6アルケニリデン鎖(鎖中、2個までの隣り合わないメチレン単位は独立して、必要に応じて、−C(=O)−、−CO2−、−C(=O)C(=O)−、−C(=O)NRL3−、−OC(=O)−、−OC(=O)NRL3−、−NRL3NRL4−、NRL3NRL4C(=O)−、NRL3C(=O)−、−NRL3CO2−、−NRL3C(=O)NRL4−、−S(=O)−、−SO2−、−NRL3SO2−、−SO2NRL3−、−NRL3SO2NRL4−、−O−、−S−または−NRL3−で置き換えられる)であり;各RL3およびRL4は独立して、水素、アルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリールまたはアシルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが、存在しないか、または−C(=O)、−CH2C(=O)NH−、−CH2NH−C(=O)−、−O−CH2−C(=O)−、−CH2−CH2−C(=O)−、−CH=CH−C(=O)NH−CH2−、−CH(OH)−CH2−O−、−CH(OH)−CH2−N(CH3)−、−CH(OH)−CH2−CH2−、−CH2−CH2−CH(OH)−、−O−CH2−CH(OH)−、−O−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−、−O−CH2−CH2−CH(OH)−、O−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH2−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−O、−CH2−CH2−O−、−CH−(CH3)−NH−C(=O)−、−CH2−NH−SO2−、−NH−SO2−CH2−、−CH2−SO2−NH−、−SO2NH−CH2−、−C(=O)−NH−C(=O)−、−NH−C(=O)−NH−、−NH−C(=O)−NH−CH2−、−CH2−NH−C(=O)−NH−、−C(=O)−NH−CH2−C(=O)−NH、−NH−C(=O)−O−または−O−C(=O)−NHである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが、存在しないか、または−C(=O)、または置換もしくは非置換のC1−6アルキリデンまたはC2−6アルケニリデン鎖(鎖中、2個までの隣り合わないメチレン単位は独立して、必要に応じて、−C(=O)−、−CO2−、−C(=O)C(=O)−、−C(=O)NRL3−、−OC(=O)−、−OC(=O)NRL3−、−NRL3NRL4−、NRL3NRL4C(=O)−、NRL3C(=O)−、NRL3CO2−、NRL3C(=O)NRL4−、−S(=O)−、−SO2−、−NRL3SO2−、SO2NRL3−、NRL3SO2NRL4−、−O−、−S−または−NRL3−で置き換えられる)であり;各RL3およびRL4は独立して、水素またはメチルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lは存在しない、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが−C(=O)である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが、置換もしくは非置換のC1−6アルキリデンまたはC2−6アルケニリデン鎖(鎖中、2個までの隣り合わないメチレン単位は独立して、必要に応じて、−C(=O)−、−C(=O)NRL3−、−OC(=O)−、NRL3C(=O)−、−S(=O)−、−SO2−、−NRL3SO2−、SO2NRL3−、−O−または−NRL3−で置き換えられる)であり;各RL3およびRL4は独立して、水素またはメチルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが、(CH2)q−(式中、qは1〜5である)である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- AR1が以下の構造:
- AR1−L−が、以下の構造:
−C(=O)NHC(R1)(R2)R3が、以下の構造:
- R2AおよびR3Aがそれぞれ水素である、請求項64に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜67のいずれか一項に記載の化合物およびその薬学的に受容可能な誘導体と、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアまたは希釈剤とを含み、必要に応じて、さらなる治療剤をさらに含む、薬学的組成物。
- 前記化合物が、細胞内接着分子(たとえばICAM−1、ICAM−2およびICAM−3)と受容体の白血球インテグリンファミリーとの間の接着を調整するために有効な量存在する、請求項68に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記化合物が、白血球に関連するCD11/CD18受容体を拮抗するために有効な量存在する、請求項68に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記化合物が、Mac−1および/またはLFA−1を拮抗するために有効な量存在する、請求項68に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 細胞接着分子のCD11/CD18ファミリーを介して媒介される被験体の免疫応答もしくは免疫障害または炎症応答もしくは炎症障害を治療、予防または改善する方法であって、請求項1〜67のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を治療的有効量、該被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
- 細胞接着分子のCD11/CD18ファミリーが、LFA−1である、請求項72に記載の方法。
- 被験体の免疫応答もしくは免疫障害または炎症応答もしくは炎症障害を治療、予防または改善する方法であって、請求項1〜67のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を、該治療、予防または改善を必要とする被験体に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記障害が、乾癬を含む炎症皮膚疾患のようなT細胞炎症応答;炎症性腸疾患(たとえばクローン病や潰瘍性大腸炎)に関連する応答;成人呼吸促進症候群、皮膚炎、髄膜炎、脳炎、ブドウ膜炎、湿疹および喘息、およびT細胞の浸潤および慢性の炎症応答に関与する他の状態のようなアレルギー性疾患、皮膚過敏性反応(ポイズンアイビーおよびポイズンオークを含む)、アテローム性硬化症、白血球接着欠損症、リウマチ関節炎のような自己免疫疾患、全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、真性糖尿病、多発性硬化症、レイノー症候群、自己免疫甲状腺炎、実験的自己免疫脳脊髄炎、シューグレン症候群、I型糖尿病、若年I型糖尿病、ならびに結核症、サルコイド症、多発性筋炎、肉芽腫症および脈管炎において典型的に見られるサイトカインおよびT−リンパ球に媒介される遅延型過敏が関与する免疫応答、悪性貧血、白血球漏出が関与する疾患、CNS炎症性障害、敗血症または外傷による多器官創傷症候群、自己免疫溶血性貧血、重症性筋無力症、抗原−抗体複合体媒介性疾患および移植片対宿主反応疾患または宿主対移植片反応疾患を含む全てのタイプから選択される、請求項74に記載の方法。
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