JP2007100249A - 人工皮革およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
人工皮革およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007100249A JP2007100249A JP2005292019A JP2005292019A JP2007100249A JP 2007100249 A JP2007100249 A JP 2007100249A JP 2005292019 A JP2005292019 A JP 2005292019A JP 2005292019 A JP2005292019 A JP 2005292019A JP 2007100249 A JP2007100249 A JP 2007100249A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- artificial leather
- fiber
- polymer
- fibers
- ultrafine fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/02—Backings, e.g. foils, webs, mesh fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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Abstract
【解決手段】数平均による単繊維繊度が1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexであり、単繊維繊度が1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexの範囲内の繊維の比率が60%以上である極細繊維を表面に有する人工皮革であって、表面に露出した単繊維繊度1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexの極細繊維間の交差点が、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて2000倍にて観測した0.01mm2の範囲50ヶ所において、平均で500ヶ所以上存在することを特徴とする人工皮革。
【選択図】図1
Description
(1)数平均による単繊維繊度が1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexであり、単繊維繊度が1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexの範囲内の繊維の比率が60%以上である極細繊維を表面に有する人工皮革であって、表面に露出した単繊維繊度1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexの極細繊維間の交差点が、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて2000倍にて観測した0.01mm2の範囲50ヶ所において、平均で500ヶ所以上存在することを特徴とする人工皮革。
東洋精機製作所(株)製キャピラログラフ1Bにより、ポリマーの溶融粘度を測定した。なお、サンプル投入から測定開始までのポリマーの貯留時間は10分とした。
パーキンエルマー社(Perkin Elmaer) DSC−7を用いて2nd runでポリマーの溶融を示すピークトップ温度をポリマーの融点とした。このときの昇温速度は16℃/分、サンプル量は10mgとした。
シート状物(人工皮革)をエポキシ樹脂で包埋し、横断面方向に超薄切片を切り出して透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)でシート状物(人工皮革)横断面を観察した。また、必要に応じて金属染色を施した。
TEM装置 : (株)日立製作所製 H−7100FA型。
極細繊維を含むシート状物(人工皮革)の横断面をTEMあるいは走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察し、同一横断面内で無作為に抽出した50本以上の単繊維直径を測定する。測定は、TEMあるいはSEMによるシート状物(人工皮革)の横断面写真を画像処理ソフト(WINROOF)を用いて単繊維直径および繊度を求めるものであり、これを3ヶ所以上で行い、少なくとも合計150本以上の単繊維の直径を測定することで求められるものである。このとき、400nm(ナイロン6(比重1.14g/cm3)の場合では1.4×10−3dtex)を超える他の繊維は除き1〜400nmの単繊維直径のものだけを無作為に選び測定する。なお、シート状物(人工皮革)を構成するナノファイバーが異形断面の場合、まず単繊維の断面積を測定し、その面積を仮に断面が円の場合の面積とする。その面積から直径を算出することによって単繊維直径を求めるものである。単繊維繊度の平均値は、以下のようにして求める。まず、単繊維直径をnm単位で小数点の一桁目まで測定し、小数点以下を四捨五入する。その単繊維直径から単繊維繊度を算出し、単純な平均値を求める。本発明では、これを「数平均による単繊維繊度」とする。単繊維の数平均による直径についても同様の統計手法にて求める。
SEM装置 : (株)キーエンス社製 VE−7800型。
人工皮革を構成する極細繊維の内、単繊維繊度が1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexの範囲内の繊維の比率は、本文中にも記載をしたように、以下のようにして評価する。すなわち、人工皮革中の極細繊維それぞれの単繊維繊度を有効数字1桁で求め、その値をdtiとしその総和を総繊度(dt1+dt2+…+dtn)とする。また、先ほど有効数字1桁で求めた同じ単繊維繊度を持つ極細繊維の頻度(個数)を数え、その積を総繊度で割ったものをその単繊維繊度の繊度比率とする。これは人工皮革中に含まれる極細繊維全体に対する各単繊維繊度成分の重量分率(体積分率)に相当する。得られた重量分率が、単繊維繊度1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexの範囲内にどの程度の比率で含まれているかを判定するものである。
極細繊維を含むシート状物(人工皮革)の表面を(株)キーエンス社製 VE−7800型SEMで観察、加速電圧20kV、ワーキングディスタンス8mm、倍率2000倍で撮影し、無作為に0.01mm2の範囲を抽出し、シート状物(人工皮革)表面に露出した1〜400nmの単繊維直径を有する極細繊維の繊維間の交差点をカウントする。合計50枚以上の表面写真を測定し、各写真についてカウントを行い、50ヶ所の平均を求め小数点第一位で四捨五入するものである。このとき、表面にポリウレタンなどの高分子弾性体が露出し、極細繊維が存在しない部分や、ニードルパンチ等により大きな穴を形成している部分は避け、判定に用いないものとする。ここでいう極細繊維間の交差点とは、分散した極細繊維1本1本間の交差点であり、交差角の鋭角が20°以上である交差点である。繊維が部分的に合流している箇所や、交差せずに並行している部分、フィブリル化した部分は除くものとする。また、極細繊維が2本以上凝集して形成される束同士の交差点、あるいは束状部分と極細繊維1本の間の交差点もカウントしない。なお、極細繊維が数百本単位で凝集した束の表面で、部分的に分散した極細繊維間の交差点についてはカウントするものとする。
シート状物(人工皮革)について、任意に選定した20人のパネラーによって官能評価により、表面の平滑性を評価した。
溶融粘度310poise(230℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点220℃のN6(40重量%)、と重量平均分子量12万、溶融粘度720poise(230℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点170℃のポリ乳酸(PLA)(光学純度99.5%以上)(60重量%)を2軸押出混練機にて220℃で混練してポリマーアロイチップを得た。ここでPLAの重量平均分子量は、以下の方法を用いて求めた。すなわち、試料のクロロホルム溶液にテトラヒドロフランを混合し測定溶液とし、これをWaters社製ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフ(GPC)Waters2690を用いて、25℃で測定し、ポリスチレン換算で求めた。測定は各試料につき3点行い、その平均値を重量平均分子量とした。
極細繊維間の交差点を数えたところ、表面0.01mm2中に平均で1230ヶ所あり、分散性良好であった。また表面の平滑性も優れるものであった。
溶融粘度530poise(262℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点220℃のN6(20重量%)と溶融粘度3100poise(262℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点225℃のイソフタル酸を8mol%、ビスフェノールAを4mol%共重合した融点225℃の共重合PET(80重量%)を2軸押出混練機にて260℃で混練してポリマーアロイチップを得た。
実施例1で用いたN6/PLA=40/60のポリマーアロイチップを島成分、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレートを22%共重合したポリスチレンを海成分とし、島/海比率=80/20重量%、島数36島、複合単繊維繊度3.5dtex、カット長約51mm、捲縮数14山/2.54cmの海島型複合繊維の原綿を用い、カード、クロスラッパーの工程を経てウェブを作成し、次いで、実施例1で用いたニードルにてニードルパンチを3000本/cm2施して目付700g/m2のフェルトを作成した。
溶融粘度1200poise(262℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点225℃のPBT(20重量%)、と重量平均分子量12万、溶融粘度300poise(240℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点170℃のポリ乳酸(PLA)(光学純度99.5%以上)(80重量%)を2軸押出混練機にて250℃で混練してポリマーアロイチップを得た。
溶融粘度1200poise(262℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点225℃のPBT(40重量%)と、重量平均分子量12万、溶融粘度300poise(262℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点170℃のポリ乳酸(PLA)(光学純度99.5%以上)(60重量%)を2軸押出混練機にて250℃で混練してポリマーアロイチップを得た。
実施例1と同様の方法で、N6/PLA=40/60のポリマーアロイチップを用い、スパンボンド法、ニードルパンチによる積層により、目付600g/m2ポリマーアロイ不織布を得た。この不織布を液温約85℃、濃度約12%のポリビニルアルコール溶液に含浸させ、ニップロールで窄液し、ポリマーアロイ繊維重量に対して固形分で20重量%のポリビニルアルコールを付与した後、乾燥した。その後、ポリエステル・ポリエーテル系のポリウレタンのDMF溶液に含浸、ニップロールで窄液し、繊維重量に対して固形分で30重量%のポリウレタンを付与し、液温35℃の30%DMF水溶液でポリウレタンを凝固させ、約85℃の熱水でDMFおよびポリビニルアルコールを除去した。
実施例2と同様の方法で、N6/共重合PET=20/80のポリマーアロイチップを用い、120dtex、12フィラメントの短繊維からなる目付510g/m2のポリマーアロイ不織布を得た。
実施例5と同様にして得たPBT/PLA=40/60のポリマーアロイチップを島成分、実施例1で用いた共重合ポリスチレンを海成分とし、島/海比率=80/20重量%、島数36島、複合単繊維繊度3.5dtex、カット長約51mm、捲縮数14山/2.54cmの海島型複合繊維の原綿を用い、カード、クロスラッパーの工程を経てウェブを作成し、次いで、実施例1で用いたニードルにて、ニードルパンチを4000本/cm2施して目付700g/m2のフェルトを作成した。
溶融粘度1500poise(262℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点220℃のN6と溶融粘度1450poise(262℃、剪断速度121.6sec−1)、融点105℃のPEとをN6のブレンド比率を20重量%となるようにそれぞれのポリマーを計量しながら2軸押出混練機にて260℃にて混練して紡糸口金温度285℃で細孔より紡出した後、エジェクターにより紡糸速度3500m/分で紡糸し、移動するネットコンベアー上に捕集し圧着率16%のエンボスロールで、温度90℃、線圧20kg/cmの条件で熱圧着し、単繊維繊度2.0dtex、目付200g/m2の長繊維不織布を得た。
Claims (7)
- 数平均による単繊維繊度が1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexであり、単繊維繊度が1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexの範囲内の繊維の比率が60%以上である極細繊維を表面に有する人工皮革であって、表面に露出した単繊維繊度1×10−8〜1.4×10−3dtexの極細繊維間の交差点が、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて2000倍にて観測した0.01mm2の範囲50ヶ所において、平均で500ヶ所以上存在することを特徴とする人工皮革。
- 前記極細繊維が熱可塑性ポリマーからなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の人工皮革。
- 前記熱可塑性ポリマーが、重縮合系ポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の人工皮革。
- 前記重縮合系ポリマーがポリエステルまたはポリアミドからなることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の人工皮革。
- スパンボンド法により製造された長繊維不織布から得られることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の人工皮革。
- 請求項1〜5に記載の人工皮革を製造する方法であって、2種類以上の溶剤に対する溶解性の異なるポリマーをアロイ化したポリマーアロイ溶融体を用い、複合繊維ウェブを作製、絡合処理を施して不織布を作成した後、高分子弾性体を該不織布に付与し、該高分子弾性体を実質的に凝固し固化させ、起毛処理を施して表面に立毛を形成させた後、該複合繊維から易溶性ポリマーを溶解除去することにより極細繊維発生加工を行うことを特徴とする人工皮革の製造方法。
- 極細繊維発生加工中、もしくは発生加工後、液中にて物理的刺激を付与することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の人工皮革の製造方法。
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JP5434079B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-02 | 2014-03-05 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 極細繊維、及びイオン伝導性複合高分子膜並びにその製造方法 |
WO2020044911A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-05 | 株式会社クラレ | 人工皮革基材、その製造方法及び立毛人工皮革 |
WO2021049413A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-18 | 株式会社クラレ | 立毛人工皮革 |
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WO2009006357A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for measuring sandability of coating and the use thereof |
IT1397534B1 (it) * | 2010-01-21 | 2013-01-16 | Maranghi | Processo per preparare un tessuto non-tessuto avente una superficie rivestita con microfibra e tessuto ottenibile con detto processo. |
TWI413570B (zh) * | 2010-03-10 | 2013-11-01 | San Fang Chemical Industry Co | 拋光墊之製造方法 |
CN102275143A (zh) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-14 | 三芳化学工业股份有限公司 | 抛光垫及其制造方法 |
CN102363356B (zh) * | 2011-09-19 | 2014-02-19 | 泉州市易光石材工具有限公司 | 一种尼龙磨带的制造方法 |
CN103128677B (zh) * | 2013-01-24 | 2015-09-30 | 陕西科技大学 | 一种多功能超细纤维复合抛光材料的制造方法 |
AT513200A1 (de) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-02-15 | Berndorf Band Gmbh | Poliertuch und Polierverfahren |
EP3194119A4 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2018-07-25 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Polymer impregnated backing material, abrasive articles incorporating same, and processes of making and using |
CN117805163A (zh) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-04-02 | 中国人民警察大学(公安部国际执法合作学院、中国维和警察培训中心) | 基于化学纤维轻微热损伤判别人员近距离接触火源的方法 |
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JPWO2020044911A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-27 | 2021-08-12 | 株式会社クラレ | 人工皮革基材、その製造方法及び立毛人工皮革 |
JP7249352B2 (ja) | 2018-08-27 | 2023-03-30 | 株式会社クラレ | 人工皮革基材、その製造方法及び立毛人工皮革 |
WO2021049413A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-18 | 株式会社クラレ | 立毛人工皮革 |
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