JP2005524730A - ポリマー性マイクロエマルション - Google Patents
ポリマー性マイクロエマルション Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005524730A JP2005524730A JP2004501483A JP2004501483A JP2005524730A JP 2005524730 A JP2005524730 A JP 2005524730A JP 2004501483 A JP2004501483 A JP 2004501483A JP 2004501483 A JP2004501483 A JP 2004501483A JP 2005524730 A JP2005524730 A JP 2005524730A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- diblock copolymer
- valerolactone
- polymer
- polymer block
- carbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 104
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 73
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- -1 ε-lactone Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 36
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical group C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
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- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
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- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
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- 125000000037 tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[Si]([H])([*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001918 tiagabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000017423 tissue regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950011282 tivirapine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004394 topiramate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-dihydrocodeinone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2CCC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003386 triazolam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYFITIVXBLE-QEQCGCAPSA-N trichostatin A Chemical compound ONC(=O)/C=C/C(/C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 RTKIYFITIVXBLE-QEQCGCAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002341 trifluperidol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPMXUUPHFNMNDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 GPMXUUPHFNMNDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012285 ultrasound imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M valproate semisodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC.CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000604 valproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001930 valpromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OMOMUFTZPTXCHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N valpromide Chemical compound CCCC(C(N)=O)CCC OMOMUFTZPTXCHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001722 verapamil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005318 vigabatrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PJDFLNIOAUIZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N vigabatrin Chemical compound C=CC(N)CCC(O)=O PJDFLNIOAUIZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N vinorelbine Chemical compound C1N(CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=22)CC(CC)=C[C@H]1C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C1=CC([C@]23[C@H]([C@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]4(CC)C=CCN([C@H]34)CC2)(O)C(=O)OC)N2C)=C2C=C1OC GBABOYUKABKIAF-GHYRFKGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002066 vinorelbine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N voriconazole Chemical compound C1([C@H](C)[C@](O)(CN2N=CN=C2)C=2C(=CC(F)=CC=2)F)=NC=NC=C1F BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004740 voriconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001771 vorozole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLMPPFTZALNBFS-INIZCTEOSA-N vorozole Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C2=CC=C3N=NN(C3=C2)C)N2N=CN=C2)=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 XLMPPFTZALNBFS-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005080 warfarin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N warfarin Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJVWKTKQMONHTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOLJIIDDOBNFHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N xanomeline Chemical compound CCCCCCOC1=NSN=C1C1=CCCN(C)C1 JOLJIIDDOBNFHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006755 xanomeline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000523 zalcitabine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002555 zidovudine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N zidovudine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](N=[N+]=[N-])C1 HBOMLICNUCNMMY-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000607 ziprasidone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MVWVFYHBGMAFLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ziprasidone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N3CCN(CC3)CCC3=CC=4CC(=O)NC=4C=C3Cl)=NSC2=C1 MVWVFYHBGMAFLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFYATHCZYHLPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N zolpidem Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC(C)=CN2C(CC(=O)N(C)C)=C1C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZAFYATHCZYHLPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001475 zolpidem Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
a)攪拌:薬剤を両性ブロックコポリマーの水溶液に加え、ミセルに薬剤を装入するために実質的な時間攪拌する;
b)加熱:薬剤を両性ジブロックコポリマーの水溶液に加え、高められた温度(例えば50〜120℃)で、ある時間攪拌する。続いて薬剤装入ミセル溶液を得るために、溶液を攪拌しながら室温に冷却する。;
c)超音波処理:薬剤が加えられるミセル溶液の超音波処理により、薬剤をポリマーミセル中に装入することができる。超音波処理の後、溶液を室温で攪拌し、薬剤を含有するミセル溶液を得る;
d)溶媒蒸発:薬剤を揮発性有機溶媒中に溶解し、両性ブロックコポリマーの水溶液に加える。続いて溶液の攪拌により有機溶媒を蒸発させる。その方法でミセル中に装入されない薬剤を濾過により除去することができる;
e)透析:薬剤及びブロックコポリマーを有機溶媒中に溶解し、続いて混合物を水に対して透析する。有機溶媒は徐々に水により置き換えられるので、ブロックコポリマーの疎水性部分が会合してミセル構造を形成し、それにより薬剤がコア中に導入される。透析を長時間続けると、有機溶媒の完全な除去を保証することができる。あるいはまた、有機溶媒中の薬剤及び両性ブロックコポリマーの溶液に水を滴下することもできる。有機溶媒の除去のために、コポリマー−薬剤ミセル溶液を最後に水に対して透析することができる。
式A−B
[式中、
ポリマーブロックAは線状の製薬学的に許容され得る親水性ポリマーを示し、
ポリマーブロックBはL−乳酸、D−乳酸、D,L−乳酸、グリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれるモノマーを含んでなるポリマーを示す]
のジブロックコポリマーであって、ジブロックコポリマーが50℃より低い温度で液体であることを特徴とするジブロックコポリマーに関する。
ポリマーブロックAは製薬学的に許容され得る親水性ポリマーを示し、
ポリマーブロックBはL−乳酸、D−乳酸、D,L−乳酸、グリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれるモノマーを含んでなるポリマーを示し、
ジブロックコポリマーが50℃より低い温度で液体であり且つ組成物が50℃より低い温度で液体であることを特徴とする組成物に関する。特に組成物は非−水性であり、それが実質的な量の水又は水溶液を含有しないことを意味する。かくして一般に組成物は好ましくは実質的に水−非含有であり、例えば最高で3重量%の水、好ましくは1重量%未満の水、最も好ましくは0.5%未満の水を含有するであろう。好ましくは、活性成分は1種もしくはそれより多いジブロックコポリマーに共有結合しない。
−鎮痛薬及び抗−炎症薬(NSAIDs、フェンタニル(fentanyl)、インドメタシン(indomethacin)、イブプロフェン(ibuprofen)、ケトプロフェン(ketoprofen)、ナブメトン(nabumetone)、パラセタモル(paracetamol)、ピロキシカム(piroxicam)、トラマドル(tramadol)、COX−2阻害剤、例えばセレコキシブ(celecoxib)及びロフェコキシブ(rofecoxib));
−抗−不整脈薬(プロカイナミド(procainamide)、クイニジン(quinidine)、ベラパミル(verapamil));
−抗バクテリア及び抗原虫剤(アモキシシリン(amoxicillin)、アンピシリン(ampicillin)、ベンザチン(benzathin) ペニシリン(penicillin)、ベンジルペニシリン、セファクロル(cefaclor)、セファドロキシル(cefadroxil)、セフプロジル(cefprozil)、セフロキシム(cefuroxime) アキセチル(axetil)、セファレキシン(cephalexin)、クロラムフェニコール(chloramphenicol)、クロロクイン(chloroquine)、シプロフロキサシン(ciprofloxacin)、クラリトロマイシン(clarithromycin)、クラブラン酸、クリンダマイシン(clindamycin)、ドキシキシクリン(doxyxycline)、エリトロマイシン(erythromycin)、フルクロキサシリンナトリウム(flucloxacillin sodium)、ハロファントリン(halofantrine)、イソニアジド(isoniazid)、カナマイシンサルフエート(kanamycin sulphate)、リンコマイシン(lincomycin)、メフロクイン(mefloquine)、ミノサイクリン(minocycline)、ナフシリンナトリウム(nafcillin sodium)、ナリジクス酸、ネオマイシン(neomycin)、ノルフロキサシン(norfloxacin)、オフロキサシン(ofloxacin)、オキサシリン(oxacillin)、フェノキシメチル−ペニシリンカリウム、ピリメタミン−スルファドキシム(pyrimethamine−sulfadoxime)、ストレプトマイシン(streptomycin)、N−[[(5S)−3−[4−(2,6−ジヒドロ−2−メチルピロロ[3,4−c]ピラゾール−5(4H)−イル)−3−フルオロフェニル]−2−オキソ−5−オキサゾリジニル]メチル]−アセトアミド(CAインデックス名:474016−05−2);
−抗−凝血薬(ワルファリン(warfarin));
−抗うつ薬(アミトリプチリン(amitriptyline)、アモキサピン(amoxapine)、ブチリプチリン(butriptyline)、クロミプラミン(clomipramine)、デシプラミン(desipramine)、ドチエピン(dothiepin)、ドキセピン(doxepin)、フルオキセチン(fluoxetine)、レボキセチン(reboxetine)、アミネプチン(amineptine)、セレギリン(selegiline)、ゲピロン(gepirone)、イミプラミン(imipramine)、炭酸リチウム、ミアンセリン(mianserin)、ミルナシプラン(milnacipran)、ノルツリプチリン(nortriptyline)、パロキセチン(paroxetine)、セルトラリン(sertraline);3−[2−[3,4−ジヒドロベンゾフロ[3,2−c]ピリジン−2(1H)−イル]エチル]−2−メチル−4H−ピリド[1,2−a]ピリミジン−4−オン;3−[[4−[(2E)−3−(4−フルオロフェニル)−2−メチル−2−プロペニル]−1−ピペラジニル]メチル]−3a,4−ジヒドロ−7,8−ジメトキシ−3H−[1]ベンゾピラノ[3,4−c]−イソオキサゾール[(3R,3aS)−rel−(+)](CAインデックス名:452314−01−1);
−抗−糖尿病薬(グリベンクラミド(glibenclamide)、メツフォルミン(metformin)、(Z)5−[[3−(5,6,7,8−テトラヒドロ−3,5,5,8,8−ペンタメチル−2−ナフタレニル)−4−(トリフルオロメトキシ)フェニル]メチレン]−2,4−チアゾリジンジオン(CAインデックス名:329215−18−1);
−抗−てんかん薬(カルバマゼピン(carbamazepine)、クロナゼパム(clonazepam)、エトスクシミド(ethosuximide)、ガバペンチン(gabapentin)、ラモツリギン(lamotrigine)、レベチラセタム(levetiracetam)、フェノバルビトン(phenobarbitone)、フェニトイン(phenytoin)、プリミドン(primidone)、チアガビン(tiagabine)、トピラメート(topiramate)、バルプロミド(valpromide)、ビガバツリン(vigabatrin));
−抗菌・カビ剤(アンフォテリシン(amphotericin)、クロツリマゾール(clotrimazole)、エコナゾール(econazole)、フルコナゾール(fluconazole)、フルシトシン(flucytosine)、グリセオフルビン(griseofulvin)、イトラコナゾール(itraconazole)、ケトコナゾール(ketoconazole)、ミコナゾールナイトレート(miconazole nitrate)、ニスタチン(nystatin)、テルビナフィン(terbinafine)、ボリコナゾール(voriconazole));
−抗ヒスタミン薬(アステミゾール(astemizole)、シンナリジン(cinnarizine)、シプロヘプタジン(cyproheptadine)、デカルボエトキシロラタジン(decarboethoxyloratadine)、フェクソフェナジン(fexofenadine)、フルナリジン(flunarizine)、レボカバスチン(levocabastine)、ロラタジン(loratadine)、ノラステミゾール(norastemizole)、オキサトミド(oxatomide)、プロメタジン(promethazine)、テルフェナジン(terfenadine));
−抗高血圧薬(カプトプリル(captopril)、エナラプリル(enalapril)、ケタンセリン(ketanserin)、リシノプリル(lisinopril)、ミノキシジル(minoxidil)、プラゾシン(prazosin)、ラミプリル(ramipril)、レセルピン(reserpine)、テラゾシン(terazosin));
−抗ムスカリン薬(アトロピンサルフェート(atropine sulphate)、ヒオシン(hyoscine));
−抗腫瘍薬及び代謝拮抗薬(白金配位化合物、例えばシスプラチン(cisplatin)、カルボプラチン(carboplatin)又はオキサリプラチン(oxalyplatin);タキサン化合物、例えばパクリタキセル(paclitaxel)又はドセタキセル(docetaxel);トポイソメラーゼI阻害剤、例えばカンプトテシン化合物、例えばイリノテカン(irinotecan)又はトポテカン(topotecan);トポイソメラーゼII阻害剤、例えば抗−腫瘍ポドフィロトキシン誘導体、例えばエトポシド(etoposide)又はテニポシド(teniposide);抗−腫瘍ビンカアルカロイド、例えばビンブラスチン(vinblastine)、ビンクリスチン(vincristine)又はビノレルビン(vinorelbine);抗−腫瘍ヌクレオシド誘導体、例えば5−フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン(gemcitabine)又はカペシタビン(capecitabine);アルキル化剤、例えばナイトロジェンマスタード又はニトロソウレア、例えばシクロホスファミド、クロラムブシル(chlorambucil)、カルムスチン(carmustine)又はロムスチン(lomustine);抗−腫瘍アントラサイクリン誘導体、例えばダウノルビシン(daunorubicin)、ドキソルビシン(doxorubicin)、イダルビシン(idarubicin)又はミトキサントロン(mitoxantrone);HER2抗体、例えばトラスツヅマブ(trastuzumab);エストロゲンレセプターアンタゴニスト又は選択的エストロゲンレセプター調節剤、例えばタモキシフェン(tamoxifen)、トレミフェン(toremifene)、ドロロキシフェン(droloxifene)、ファスロデクス(faslodex)又はラロキシフェン(raloxifene);アロマターゼ阻害剤、例えばエキセメスタン(exemestane)、アナストロゾール(anastrozole)、レトラゾール(letrazole)又はボロゾール(vorozole);分化剤、例えばレチノイド類、ビタミンD及びレチノイン酸代謝遮断薬(RAMBA)、例えばアクタン(accutane);DNAメチルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤、例えばアザシチジン(azacytidine);キナーゼ阻害剤、例えばフラボペリドル(flavoperidol)、イマチニブメシレート(imatinib mesylate)、ゲフィチニブ(gefitinib)又はN3−[4−(アミノスルホニル)フェニル]−1−(2,6−ジフルオロベンゾイル)−1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−3,5−ジアミン(CAインデックス名:443797−96−4);ファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;HDAC阻害剤、例えば短鎖脂肪酸、例えばブチレート、4−フェニルブチレート又はバルプロ酸又はヒドロキサム酸、例えばスベロイルアニリドヒドロキサム酸(SAHA)、ビアリールヒドロキサメート A−161906、二環状アリール−N−ヒドロキシカルボキシアミド類、ピロキサミド(pyroxamide)、CG−1521、PXD−101、スルホンアミドヒドロキサム酸、LAQ−824、トリコスタチン A(trichostatin A)(TSA)、オキサムフラチン(oxamflatin)、スクリプタイド(scriptaid)、m−カルボキシ桂皮酸ビスヒドロキサム酸又はトラポキシン−ヒドロキサム酸類似物又は環状テトラペプチド類、例えばトラポキシン(trapoxin)、アピジシン(apidicin)又はデプシペプチド又はベンズアミド類、例えばMS−275又はCI−994、又はデプデシン(depudecin));
−抗−片頭痛薬(アルニジタン(alniditan)、ナラトリプタン(naratriptan)、スマトリプタン(sumatriptan));
−抗−パーキンソン症候群薬(ブロモクリプチンメシレート(bromocryptine mesylate)、レボドパ(levodopa)、セレギリン(selegiline));
−抗精神病、催眠及び鎮静薬(アルプラゾラム(alprazolam)、ブスピロン(buspirone)、クロルジアゼポキシド(chlordiazepoxide)、クロルプロマジン(chlorpromazine)、クロザピン(clozapine)、ジアゼパム(diazepam)、フルペンチキソール(flupenthixol)、フルフェナジン(fluphenazine)、フルラゼパム(flurazepam)、9−ヒドロキシリスペリドン(9−hydroxyrisperidone)、ロラゼパム(lorazepam)、マザペルチン(mazapertine)、オランザピン(olanzapine)、オキサゼパム(oxazepam)、ピモジド(pimozide)、ピパムペロン(pipamperone)、ピラセタム(piracetam)、プロマジン(promazine)、リスペリドン(risperidone)、セルフォテル(selfotel)、セロクエル(seroquel)、セルチンドール(sertindole)、スルピリド(sulpiride)、テマゼパム(temazepam)、チオチキセン(thiothixene)、トリアゾラム(triazolam)、トリフルペリドル(trifluperidol)、ジプラシドン(ziprasidone)、ゾルピデム(zolpidem));
−抗−発作薬(ルベルゾール(lubeluzole)、ルベルゾールオキシド、リルゾール(riluzole)、アプチガネル(aptiganel)、エリプロジル(eliprodil)、レマセミド(remacemide));
−鎮咳薬(デキストロメトルファン(dextromethorphan)、ラエボドロプロピジン(laevodropropizine));
−抗ウイルス薬(アシクロビル(acyclovir)、ガンシクロビル(ganciclovir)、ロビリデ(loviride)、チビラピン(tivirapine)、ジドブジン(zidovudine)、ラミブジン(lamivudine))、ジドブヂン+ラミブジン、ジドブジン+ラミブジン+アバカビル(abacavir)、ジダノシン(didanosine)、ザルシタビン(zalcitabine)、スタブジン(stavudine)、アバカビル、ロピナビル(lopinavir)、ロピナビル+リトナビル(ritonavir)、アムプレナビル(amprenavir)、ネビラピン(nevirapine)、エファビレンツ(efavirenz)、デラビルジン(delavirdine)、インジナビル(indinavir)、ネルフィナビル(nelfinavir)、リトナビル、サクイナビル(saquinavir)、アデフォビル(adefovir)、ヒドロキシウレア、TMC 125、TMC 120、4−[[4−[[4−(2−シアノエテニル)−2,6−ジメチルフェニル]アミノ]−2−ピリミジニル]アミノ]ベンゾニトリル);
−ベータ−アドレノセプター遮断薬(アテノロール(atenolol)、カルベジロール(carvedilol)、メトプロロール(metoprolol)、ネビボロール(nebivolol)、プロパノロール(propanolol));
−心臓変力薬(アムリノン(amrinone)、ジギトキシン(digitoxin)、ジゴキシン(digoxin)、ミルリノン(milrinone));
−コルチコステロイド類(ベクロメタゾン(beclomethasone)、ジプロピオネート、ベータメタゾン(betamethasone)、ブデソニド(budesonide)、デクサメタゾン(dexamethasone)、ヒドロコルチゾン(hydrocortisone)、メチルプレドニゾロン(methylprednisolone)、プレドニゾロン(prednisolone)、プレドニゾン(prednisone)、トリアムシノロン(triamcinolone));
−殺菌薬(クロルヘキシジン(chlorhexidine));
−利尿薬(アセタゾラミド(acetazolamide)、フルセミド(frusemide)、ヒドロクロロチアジド、イソソルビド(isosorbide));
−酵素;
−精油(アネトール、アニス油、キャラウェイ、カルダモン、ケツメイシ油、シネオール、シナモン油、クローブ油、コリアンダー油、脱メントール化ミント油、ディル油、ユーカリ油、オイゲノール、ジンジャー、レモン油、マスタード油、橙花油、ナツメグ油、オレンジ油、ペパーミント、セージ、スペアミント、テルピネオール、タイム);
−胃腸薬(シメチジン(cimetidine)、シサプリド(cisapride)、クレボプリド(clebopride)、ジフェノキシレート、ドムペリドン(domperidone)、ファモチジン(famotidine)、ランソプラゾール(lansoprazole)、ロペラミド(loperamide)、ロペラミドオキシド、メサラジン(mesalazine)、メトクロプラミド(metoclopramide)、モサプリド(mosapride)、ニザチジン(nizatidine)、ノルシサプリド(norcisapride)、オルサラジン(olsalazine)、オメプラゾール(omeprazole)、パントプラゾール(pantoprazole)、ペルプラゾール(perprazole)、プルカロプリド(prucalopride)、ラベプラゾール(rabeprazole)、ラニチジン(ranitidine)、リドグレル(ridogrel)、スルファサラジン(sulphasalazine));
−止血薬(アミノカプロン酸);
−脂質調節薬(アトルバスタチン(atorvastatin)、ロバスタチン(lovastatin)、プラバスタチン(pravastatin)、プロブコル(probucol)、シムバスタチン(simvastatin));
−局所的麻酔薬(ベンゾカイン(benzocaine)、リグノカイン(lignocaine));
−オピオイド鎮痛薬(ブプレノルフィン(buprenorphine)、コデイン(codeine)、デキストロモラミド(dextromoramide)、ジヒドロコデイン(dihydrocodeine)、ヒドロコドン(hydrocodone)、オキシコドン(oxycodone)、モルフィン(morphine));
−副交感神経興奮薬及び抗−痴呆薬(AIT−082、エプタスチグミン(eptastigmine)、ガランタミン(galanthamine)、メツリフォネート(metrifonate)、ミラメリン(milameline)、ネオスチグミン(neostigmine)、フィソスチグミン(physostigmine)、タクリン(tacrine)、ドネペジル(donepezil)、リバスチグミン(rivastigmine)、サブコメリン(sabcomeline)、タルサクリジン(talsaclidine)、キサノメリン(xanomeline)、メマンチン(memantine)、ラザベミド(lazabemide));
−ペプチド及びタンパク質(抗体、ベカプレルミン(becaplermin)、サイクロスポリン(cyclosporine)、エリトロポエチン、免疫グロブリン、インスリン);
−性ホルモン(エストロゲン類:複合エストロゲン、エチニルエストラジオール、メストラノール、エストラジオール、エストリオール、エストロン;プロゲストゲン類;クロルマジノンアセテート(chlormadinone acetate)、シプロテロンアセテート(cyproterone acetate)、17−デアセチルノルゲスチメート(17−deacetyl norgestimate)、デソゲストレル(desogestrel)、ジエノゲスト(dienogest)、ジドロゲステロン(dydrogesterone)、エチノジオールジアセテート(ethynodiol diacetate)、ガストデン(gastodene)、3−ケトデソゲストレル、レボノルゲストレル(levonorgestrel)、リネストレノル(lynestrenol)、メドロキシプロゲステロンアセテート(medroxyprogesterone acetate)、メゲストロル(megestrol)、ノレチンドロン(norethindrone)、ノレチンドロンアセテート、ノレチステロン(norethisterone)、ノレチステロンアセテート、ノレチノドレル(norethynodrel)、ノルゲスチメート(norgestimate)、ノルゲストレル(norgestrel)、ノルゲストリエノン(norgestrienone)、プロゲステロン(progesterone)、クインゲスタノルアセテート(quingestanol acetate));
−刺激剤、ホスホジエステラーゼ5阻害剤(シルデナフィル(sildenafil);3−(2,3−ジヒドロ−5−ベンゾフラニル)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−2−(2−ピリジニル)−9H−ピロロ[3,4−b]キノリン−9−オン、(3R)(CAインデックス名:374927−41−0)又はそのモノメタンスルホネート塩;3−(2,3−ジヒドロ−5−ベンゾフラニル)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−2−[5−(2−ピリジニル)−2−ピリミジニル]−9H−ピロロ[3,4−b]キノリン−9−オン、(3R)(CAインデックス名:374927−06−7)
−血管拡張薬(アムロジピン(amlodipine)、ブフロメジル(buflomesil)、亜硝酸アミル、ジルチアゼム(diltiazem)、ジピリダモル(dipyridamole)、グリセリルトリナイトレート、イソソルビドジナイトレート、リドフラジン(lidoflazine)、モルシドミン(molsidomine)、ニカルジピン(nicardipine)、ニフェジピン(nifedipine)、オクスペンチフィリン(oxpentifylline)、ペンタエリトリトールテトラナイトレート);
それらのN−オキシド、それらの製薬学的に許容され得る酸もしくは塩基付加塩及びそれらの立体化学的異性体である。
a)1種もしくはそれより多いコポリマーを50℃より低い温度で水と混合し、続いて
b)a)の下に得られるポリマー水溶液に、攪拌しながら活性成分を加える
ことを特徴とする、活性成分及び1種もしくはそれより多い上記の式A−Bのジブロックコポリマーを含む水溶液の調製法にも関する。
米国特許第5,653,992号明細書及び米国特許第5,631,015号明細書(Bezwada et al.)により記載されている方法に従い、適した触媒の存在下における開環重合法により、本発明のジブロックコポリマーを合成した。典型的な触媒にはオクタン酸第一錫、酸化アンチモン、塩化錫、2−エチルヘキサン酸錫(II)、ジブチル錫オキシド、アルミニウムイソプロポキシド、イットリウムイソプロポキシド、ナトリウム、カリウム、カリウムt−ブトキシド、ナトリウムt−ブトキシドなどが含まれる。好ましい触媒はオクタン酸第一錫である。反応は80℃〜180℃の高められた温度で行なわれ、反応時間は数時間から数日、好ましくは8〜24時間で変わり得る。
ジブロックコポリマーD1.1の製造(表1を参照されたい)
反応フラスコにおいて、トルエン中の7.6μモルのオクタン酸第一錫溶液(0.33M)、187.5ミリモルのトリメチレンカーボネート(モノマー)、187.5ミリモルのε−カプロラクトン(モノマー)及びPEG−550モノメチルエーテル(mmePEG550)(開始剤)を13対1のモノマー対開始剤のモル比で加え、160℃に24時間加熱した。反応の完了後、ポリマーを真空中で加熱して未反応モノマーを除去した。
ジブロックコポリマーの特性化
プロトンNMRによりポリマー組成及び残留モノマー含有率を分析した。従って、コポリマーをヘキサフルオロアセトンセスキジューテレート及びジューテロベンゼン又はジューテリウム化クロロホルム中に溶解した。続いてUnity−Plus 400 NMRスペクトロメーターを用いてスペクトルをとった。0〜7.5ppmスペクトル領域中のメチレン及びメチル共鳴を積分し、それぞれのモノマー(重合した形態及びモノマー形態)の標準化された表面積からポリマー中の各モノマーのモルパーセントを算出することにより、ポリマー中の種々のモノマーの比率を決定した。
ジブロックコポリマーのミセル水溶液の特性化
ジブロックコポリマーはそれらの自己−乳化性、すなわち水中で自然にミセルを形成するそれらの能力のために用いられることが意図されているので、ジブロックコポリマーの水溶液を調べた。ミセルの寸法及び形ならびに臨界ミセル濃度、すなわちミセルが形成される最低濃度を決定した。
ミセルの寸法
水中の100mg/mlジブロックコポリマー溶液のミセルの寸法を、Coulter N4MD又はMalvern autosizer 4700を用い、25℃において光子相関分光分析(photon correlation spectroscopy)により決定した。
臨界ミセル濃度(CMC)決定
ジブロックコポリマーのCMCを調べるために、増加する量のジブロックコポリマー(10-8〜10-3g/ml)を含有する水溶液の表面張力を、37℃で円環法(Du Nouey張力計)により測定した。溶液の表面張力は、表面張力が一定のままとなり、CMCに達したことを示すまで、ポリマー濃度の増加とともに低下した。CMCは2つの線形回帰線(linear regression lines)の交点において決定された。
ミセルの安定性
胃液中の本ジブロックコポリマーのミセルの挙動を評価するために、増加する量のコポリマーを含有するコポリマーD4.1及びD4.2の水溶液を37℃においてpH2で調製し(0.1M HCl溶液を用いてpHを調節した)、CMCを決定した。
ミセル形成エネルギー
本発明の組成物において用いられるジブロックコポリマーは、自己−乳化性を有することにより特徴付けられる。この記述を支持するために、以下の計算により臨界ミセル濃度からミセル形成エネルギーを決定した:
ΔGo=RT ln Xcmc
ここでR=気体定数=8.3143J/K.モル
T=oKにおける温度
Xcmc=モル分率におけるCMCでの濃度
ΔGo=kJ/モルにおけるミセル形成エネルギー
である。
本発明の組成物は、水性媒体に加えられると薬剤装入ミセル溶液を形成することができる。本発明の組成物の薬剤装入容量、可溶化能力を決定した。
ジブロックコポリマーD4.3の細胞毒性の試験管内評価
製薬学的用途における薬剤の封入用に用いられるために、ジブロックコポリマーは無毒性でなければならない。
コポリマーD4.3中に封入されたリスペリドンのバイオアベイラビリティーの生体内決定
本発明の組成物を経口的もしくは非経口的投与のために用いることができるので、本発明のコポリマー中に封入された経口的に投与される薬剤が生体内で腸関門(intestinal barrier)及び血液脳関門を通過してそれらのレセプターに達することができるか否かを調べた。この研究で用いられるモデル薬剤は、D2ドパミンレセプター上に固定される(fixes)抗精神病薬であるリスペリドンである。これらのレセプターは主に側頭皮質中、さらに正確には線条中及び下垂体中に位置する;線条は脳関門の他の側に位置する。コポリマーD4.3で作られるミセルにより運ばれるリスペリドンを用いて試験を実施した。用いられる方法の原理は、[125I]放射リガンドを用いるオートラジオグラフィによるレセプター占有の定量に基づく(Langlois X,Te Riele P.,Wintmolders C.,Leysen J.E.,Jurzak M著,J of Pharmacology and Exp Therapeutics,299,2001年,712−717)。
薬剤により誘発される溶血への本発明のミセル中のアンフォテリシン Bの封入の効果
アンフォテリシン Bは、全身性真菌症の処置に用いられる薬剤である。それは、デスオキシコレートと一緒に調製されないと(FungizoneR)、水中であまり可溶性でない。アンフォテリシン Bが溶血を誘発することは既知である。
・水溶性配合物:50mg FungizoneR(=アンフォテリシン B 50mg+ナトリウムデスオキシコレート 41mg+ホスフェートジナトリウム及びホスフェートモノソディック(monosodic) 20.2g)を10mlの注入用水(Mini−PlascoR)中に可溶化した。等張PBS(pH7,41)でこの溶液を希釈することにより、種々の濃度を得た。
溶血%=100(abs−abs0)/(abs100−abs0)
ここでAbs=試料の吸光度
Abs100=100%溶血における吸光度
Abs0=0%溶血における吸光度(Lavasanifar et al著,2002年)
である。
Claims (31)
- 式A−B
[式中、
ポリマーブロックAは線状の製薬学的に許容され得る親水性ポリマーを示し、
ポリマーブロックBはL−乳酸、D−乳酸、D,L−乳酸、グリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれるモノマーを含んでなるポリマーを示す]
のジブロックコポリマーであって、ジブロックコポリマーが50℃より低い温度で液体であることを特徴とするジブロックコポリマー。 - ポリマーブロックBがグリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれるモノマーを含んでなるポリマーを示す請求項1に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックBがL−乳酸、D−乳酸、D,L−乳酸、グリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オンから選ばれる少なくとも2種のモノマーを含んでなるコポリマーを示す請求項1に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックBがグリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オンから選ばれる少なくとも2種のモノマーを含んでなるコポリマーを示す請求項3に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックBがトリメチレンカーボネートのモノマー及びL−乳酸、D−乳酸、D,L−乳酸、グリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれるモノマーを含んでなるポリマーを示す請求項1に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックBがトリメチレンカーボネートのモノマー及びグリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれるモノマーを含んでなるポリマーを示す請求項5に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックBがプロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれるモノマーを含んでなるポリマーを示す請求項1に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックBがプロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オンから選ばれる少なくとも2種のモノマーを含んでなるコポリマーを示す請求項7に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックBがプロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オンから選ばれる2種のモノマーを含んでなる請求項8に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックBがε−カプロラクトン及びトリメチレンカーボネートから選ばれるモノマーを含んでなる請求項9に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリマーブロックAがポリ(C1-20アルキレンオキシド)又はその誘導体を示す請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリ(C1-20アルキレンオキシド)又はその誘導体がポリ(エチレングリコール)又はその誘導体、特にポリ(エチレングリコール)モノメチルエーテルである請求項11に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリ(エチレングリコール)又はその誘導体が≦2,000の分子量を有する請求項12に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリ(エチレングリコール)又はその誘導体が>350から≦750の範囲の分子量を有する請求項13に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- ポリ(エチレングリコール)又はその誘導体が750の分子量を有する請求項14に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- 2,000〜10,000の範囲の分子量を有する請求項1〜15のいずれか1つに記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- 2,000〜8,000の範囲の分子量を有する請求項16に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- 2,500〜7,000の範囲の分子量を有する請求項17に記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- 室温又は37℃において液体である請求項1〜18のいずれか1つに記載のジブロックコポリマー。
- 活性成分ならびに式A−Bの1種もしくはそれより多いジブロックコポリマーを含んでなり、式中、
ポリマーブロックAは製薬学的に許容され得る親水性ポリマーを示し、
ポリマーブロックBはL−乳酸、D−乳酸、D,L−乳酸、グリコール酸、プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトン、トリメチレンカーボネート、p−ジオキサノン、テトラメチレンカーボネート、ε−ラクトン、1,5−ジオキセパン−2−オン又はそれらの混合物から選ばれるモノマーを含んでなるポリマーを示し、
ジブロックコポリマーが50℃より低い温度で液体であり且つ組成物が50℃より低い温度で液体であることを特徴とする組成物。 - 組成物が非−水性である請求項20に記載の組成物。
- 式A−Bのジブロックコポリマーが請求項1〜19のいずれか1つに記載されているジブロックコポリマーである請求項20又は21に記載の組成物。
- 請求項20〜22のいずれか1つに記載の組成物の治療的に有効な量を含んでなる製薬学的投薬形態物。
- 投薬形態が経口的投与に適していることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の製薬学的投薬形態物。
- 投薬形態が非経口的投与に適していることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の製薬学的投薬形態物。
- 投薬形態が水溶液である請求項23〜25のいずれか1つに記載の製薬学的投薬形態物。
- 活性成分及び請求項1〜19のいずれか1つに記載の又は請求項20に定義されている1種もしくはそれより多い式A−Bのジブロックコポリマーを含んでなる水溶液の調製法であって、活性成分を1種もしくはそれより多い液体コポリマーと、すなわち50℃より低い温度で混合し、続いて攪拌しながら水を加えることを特徴とする方法。
- 活性成分及び請求項1〜19のいずれか1つに記載の又は請求項20に定義されている1種もしくはそれより多い式A−Bのジブロックコポリマーを含んでなる水溶液の調製法であって、
a)1種もしくはそれより多いコポリマーを50℃より低い温度で水と混合し、
続いて
b)a)の下に得られるポリマー水溶液に、攪拌しながら活性成分を加える
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 処置の必要のあるヒト又はヒト以外の動物への経口的投与用の製薬学的投薬形態物の製造のための請求項20〜22のいずれか1つに記載の組成物の使用。
- 処置の必要のあるヒト又はヒト以外の動物への非経口的投与用の製薬学的投薬形態物の製造のための請求項20〜22のいずれか1つに記載の組成物の使用。
- 容器、請求項23〜26のいずれか1つに記載の製薬学的投薬形態物を含んでなり、且つパッケージに記載事項(written matter)を伴う市販に適した製薬学的パッケージ。
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006509736A (ja) * | 2002-10-21 | 2006-03-23 | ロレアル | 両親媒性ブロックコポリマーを用いた水溶液に脂質親和性化合物を溶解させる方法、及び化粧品用組成物 |
JP2007269644A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Takada Seiyaku Kk | リスペリドン水性液剤 |
WO2007136134A1 (ja) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Nanocarrier Co., Ltd. | 疎水性薬物内包ポリマーミセルの製造方法 |
JPWO2007136134A1 (ja) * | 2006-05-23 | 2009-10-01 | ナノキャリア株式会社 | 疎水性薬物内包ポリマーミセルの製造方法 |
JP2017039758A (ja) * | 2010-12-29 | 2017-02-23 | メドインセルル | 生分解性薬物送達組成物 |
JP2015513591A (ja) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-05-14 | サノフイ | 機能性pla−peg共重合体、そのナノ粒子、その製造、ならびに標的薬物送達およびイメージングのためのその使用 |
US11865205B2 (en) | 2015-11-16 | 2024-01-09 | Medincell S.A. | Method for morselizing and/or targeting pharmaceutically active principles to synovial tissue |
Also Published As
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BR0309688A (pt) | 2005-02-22 |
MXPA04010778A (es) | 2005-03-07 |
DE60318035T2 (de) | 2008-12-11 |
ES2298510T3 (es) | 2008-05-16 |
DE60318035D1 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
NZ536294A (en) | 2005-05-27 |
MY139066A (en) | 2009-08-28 |
JP4300184B2 (ja) | 2009-07-22 |
AR039522A1 (es) | 2005-02-23 |
AU2003222310A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
EA008244B1 (ru) | 2007-04-27 |
AU2003222310B2 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US20060034797A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
EP1504047A1 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
KR20040111466A (ko) | 2004-12-31 |
TWI310388B (en) | 2009-06-01 |
EA200401465A1 (ru) | 2005-04-28 |
PL220850B1 (pl) | 2016-01-29 |
CA2483282C (en) | 2012-05-29 |
ATE380834T1 (de) | 2007-12-15 |
CN1649932A (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
EP1504047B1 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
IL164977A0 (en) | 2005-12-18 |
IL164977A (en) | 2007-12-03 |
US20150086504A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
WO2003093344A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
NO20045283L (no) | 2005-01-07 |
ZA200408854B (en) | 2005-11-02 |
PL371934A1 (en) | 2005-07-11 |
TW200413434A (en) | 2004-08-01 |
CA2483282A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
CN1290893C (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
US20110112115A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
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