JP2005194184A - 触媒担体用の短い炭素ナノチューブ、その製造方法、前記炭素ナノチューブを利用した炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒及びそれを採用した燃料電池 - Google Patents
触媒担体用の短い炭素ナノチューブ、その製造方法、前記炭素ナノチューブを利用した炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒及びそれを採用した燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005194184A JP2005194184A JP2005002997A JP2005002997A JP2005194184A JP 2005194184 A JP2005194184 A JP 2005194184A JP 2005002997 A JP2005002997 A JP 2005002997A JP 2005002997 A JP2005002997 A JP 2005002997A JP 2005194184 A JP2005194184 A JP 2005194184A
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Abstract
【解決手段】両側末端部がオープン(開口)されており、長さが300nm以下であり、アスペクト比率が1〜15であることを特徴とする触媒担体用の短い炭素ナノチューブである。本発明による触媒担体用の短いCNTは、表面積が広く、電気伝導性が優秀であり、両末端がオープンされているため、金属触媒がその内部にまで担持されうる。また、本発明によるCNT担持触媒は、触媒の有効比表面積が広いため、触媒の利用率が増加し、触媒の使用量を減少させ、燃料拡散を効率的にさせうるため、これを燃料電池に使用する場合には、電極の出力密度及び燃料電池のエネルギー密度が向上し、コスト競争力を確保できる。
【選択図】図5
Description
また、前記CNTの構造は、特別に制限されず、多重壁または単一壁構造何れでも関係ない。但し、その電気的な特徴は金属性であることが望ましいが、その理由は、燃料電池などの電極として使われるときには、電気伝導性を向上させうるためである。
触媒担持用の短いCNTの製造
垂直型反応炉の上部の温度を500℃に上昇させる間に窒素ガス(キャリアガス)を500sccm(standard cubic centimeter perminute)で反応炉内に大気圧でパージングした。次いで、触媒形成のために、鉄カルボニルを反応器中にガス形態で50sccmで流しつつ温度を1000℃に調節した後、炭素ソースガスとしてアセチレンを使用し、大気圧下で10sccmの流量で60分間流してCNTを合成した。CNTが生成され始めると(CNTが生成され始めた段階で)、前記反応炉の上部と熱的に断熱されており、100℃以下の温度を維持している反応炉の下部に、前記CNTを1分以内に迅速に移動させて短いCNTを製造した。得られたCNTの直径は50nmであり、長さは50nmであり、これに対するSEM写真を図5に表し、TEM写真を図6に示した。
触媒担持用の短いCNTの製造
キャリアガスの流量を700sccmとし、鉄カルボニルの流量を30sccmとしたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同じ方法で短いCNTを製造した。得られたCNTの直径は30nmであり、長さは40nmであり、これに対する高解像度のTEM写真を図7に示した。
CNT担持触媒の製造
前記実施例1で製造されたCNT0.5gをビニルバックに入れた後、H2PtCl6 0.9616gを測量して1.5mlのアセトンに溶解させた。前記溶液を前記炭素担体が入っているビニルバックに入れて混合した。
燃料電池の製造
実施例3で製造されたCNT担持触媒をイソプロピルアルコールにナフィオン115(Dupont社製)を分散させた溶液に分散させてスラリを製造した後、スプレ工程を通じて炭素電極上にコーティングし、触媒のコーティング濃度は、白金含量を基準として1mg/cm2にした。次いで、前記電極成形体をローリングマシンに通過させて触媒層と炭素紙との接着力を増大させてカソードを製造した。一方、アノード電極としては、商用PtRu Black触媒を使用して製造されたアノード電極を使用し、これを利用して単位電池を製造した。
単位電池の性能テスト
前記で製造された単位電池に対して2Mのメタノールと空気とを過量で流しつつ30〜50℃で性能を測定し、その結果を図10に示した。従来の燃料電池の場合、単位面積当りの触媒使用量が2〜4mg/cm2であるが、本発明による燃料電池の場合には、単位面積当りの触媒使用量を1mg/cm2以下に使用しても従来の燃料電池と同一またはさらに優秀な性能を示すことが分かる。
12 アノード触媒層、
13 カソード触媒層、
14 アノード支持層、
15 カソード支持層、
16 カーボンプレート(カーボンシート)。
Claims (12)
- 両側末端部がオープンされており、長さが300nm以下であり、アスペクト比率が1〜15である触媒担体用の短い炭素ナノチューブ。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブの直径は、10〜50nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒担体用の短い炭素ナノチューブ。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブの長さが50nm以下であり、アスペクト比率が1〜3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒担体用の短い炭素ナノチューブ。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブは、多重壁または単一壁構造であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の触媒担体用の短い炭素ナノチューブ。
- 両側末端部がオープンされており、長さが300nm以下であり、アスペクト比率が1〜15である短い炭素ナノチューブの内外壁に、平均粒子サイズが1〜5nmである金属触媒粒子が担持されている炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブの直径は、10〜50nmであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブの長さが50nm以下であり、アスペクト比率が1〜3である短い炭素ナノチューブの内外壁に、平均粒子サイズが1〜5nmである金属触媒粒子が担持されている請求項5に記載の炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブは、多重壁または単一壁構造であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒。
- 前記金属触媒粒子は、白金または白金合金であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒。
- 前記白金合金に使われる元素は、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ga、Zr、Hf、Ru、Ir、Pd、Os、Rhまたはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒。
- 前記炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒の全体比表面積が500m2/g以上であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒。
- 請求項5ないし11のうち何れか1項による炭素ナノチューブ担持触媒を使用して製造されたことを特徴とする燃料電池。
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EP (1) | EP1553052A3 (ja) |
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JP3878642B2 (ja) | 2007-02-07 |
CN100593016C (zh) | 2010-03-03 |
US20100004121A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
EP1553052A2 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
CN1636869A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
EP1553052A3 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
KR100561856B1 (ko) | 2006-03-16 |
KR20050072634A (ko) | 2005-07-12 |
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