JP2005086158A - 電子部品及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
電子部品及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2005086158A JP2005086158A JP2003319789A JP2003319789A JP2005086158A JP 2005086158 A JP2005086158 A JP 2005086158A JP 2003319789 A JP2003319789 A JP 2003319789A JP 2003319789 A JP2003319789 A JP 2003319789A JP 2005086158 A JP2005086158 A JP 2005086158A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- thin film
- base material
- metal thin
- electronic component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
【解決手段】 電子部品の外部端子が、リード基材1とこの表面を被覆する金属薄膜2を有し、且つリード基材1の表面に垂直な任意の切断面で金属薄膜2を切断したときに表れる断面の個々の結晶粒の、基材表面に垂直な方向の結晶粒の大きさ及び基材表面に平行な方向の結晶粒の大きさに基づいて定義された平均結晶サイズ指数が7以上である。
【選択図】 図1
Description
図11は、この非特許文献1に記載されたウィスカの発生メカニズムを説明するための図である。非特許文献1では、金属表面に形成されたSn又はSn合金から成るめっき膜の表面には時間の経過と共に酸化膜が成長する。この酸化膜は必ずしも厚さが一定とならないので、膜厚の薄い酸化膜欠陥部にめっき膜中で生じた内部応力が集中し、内部の原子が押し出されてウィスカが成長するとしている。
又、ウィスカ成長状況の観察結果より、相当量のSn原子の移動が発生していることが明らかであるにも関わらず、ウィスカ発生部の周辺でボイドや金属薄膜の膜厚の変化(減少)等はほとんど認められないことから、ウィスカを構成するSn原子は金属薄膜2内の広い範囲から移動し、ウィスカに供給されていると想定した。
更に、これらの知見に基づいて、ウィスカ20の発生や成長には金属薄膜2を構成している結晶粒3の大きさが大きく影響を与えると考察した。具体的には、ウィスカの発生や成長のためのエネルギーに関して、大きな結晶粒から太いウィスカを発生させるためにはより大きな駆動エネルギーが必要となる、又、同じ駆動エネルギー或いは同じSn原子供給量であれば太いウィスカほど短くなる、と予想した。
又、ウィスカはめっき析出過程で既に形成されていた結晶粒の一つが特定方向に成長したものであるとの研究結果より、ウィスカとして成長する結晶粒が存在しない非晶質構造の金属薄膜では、ウィスカの発生自体が抑制されると想定した。
(1)金属薄膜のリード基材表面と平行な面に表れる結晶粒の大きさが大きいものでは、ウィスカは発生していない。
(2)金属薄膜のリード基材表面と平行な面に表れる結晶粒の大きさがある程度小さくても、膜厚が厚いものでは、ウィスカは発生していない。
(3)結晶粒の大きさの目安をあらわす指標として、後述する結晶サイズ指数を定義して評価した結果、第1サンプル群の平均結晶サイズ指数は3〜6であり、第2サンプル群の平均結晶サイズ指数は8〜15であった。
本発明の第1の電子部品は、所定の金属材料から成るリード基材と、このリード基材の表面を被覆する金属薄膜と、を備えた外部端子を有し、
前記金属薄膜は錫を主成分とする材料から成る第一の層を少なくとも有し、
前記第一の層を前記リード基材表面に垂直な任意の切断面で切断したときに当該第一の層の断面に表れた当該第一の層を構成する個々の結晶粒の前記リード基材表面に垂直な方向の大きさ及び平行な方向の大きさをそれぞれμm単位であらわしたときの値をa及びbとし、更に、(a+b)/2を結晶サイズ指数と定義して、この結晶サイズ指数の平均値が7以上であることを特徴としている。
前記金属薄膜は錫を主成分とする材料から成る第一の層を少なくとも有し、
前記第一の層を前記リード基材表面に垂直な任意の切断面で切断したときに当該第一の層の断面に表れた当該第一の層を構成する個々の結晶粒の前記リード基材表面に垂直な方向の大きさ及び平行な方向の大きさをそれぞれXv及びXhとしたとき、Xh/Xvの平均値が4以上であることを特徴としている。
前記金属薄膜は錫を主成分とする材料から成る第一の層を少なくとも有し、
前記第一の層がめっきにより形成されると共に非晶質構造であることを特徴としている。
尚、以下の実施形態の説明は、特に限定されないが、電子部品として樹脂封止型集積回路装置(以下、ICとする)を用い、ICの外部端子を例として説明する。図2は本発明の一実施形態の電子部品であるICを示す図で、(a)及び(b)はそれぞれ模式的な外観斜視図及び平面図である。又、図3はこのICを更に詳細に説明する図で、(a)及び(b)は、それぞれ図2(b)のP−P’線に沿った断面を示す模式的な断面図及びこのICの外部端子の部分拡大断面図である。
表1
第一の層をリード基材1の表面に垂直な任意の切断面で切断したときに当該第一の層の断面に表れた当該第一の層を構成する個々の結晶粒のリード基材1の表面に垂直な方向の大きさ及び平行な方向の大きさをそれぞれXv及びXh(但し、Xv及びXhは同じ単位であらわされるものとする)としたとき、Xh/Xvの平均値が4以上である、或いは、
めっきにより形成された第一の層をリード基材1の表面に平行な断面で観察したときに1000μm2の観察エリアあたりの結晶粒界の総延長が300μm以下である、
のいずれかを満足する構造を第一の層が有していれば、第1の実施形態と同様に金属薄膜2におけるウィスカの発生・成長を抑制する効果が得られる。
尚、本実施形態の電子部品が第1の実施形態の電子部品と異なるのは、外部端子の構造、特にリード基材表面に形成される金属薄膜の第一の層の構造のみであり、他は第1の実施形態の電子部品と同様であってよいので、以下は、金属薄膜の第一の層の構造について説明する。本実施形態の金属薄膜の第一の層はその構造が、実質的に非晶質(アモルファス)となっている点が第1の実施形態との違いである。即ち、第一の層を非晶質構造とすることにより、Sn原子が効率よく移動できるような連続した粒界が無くなるため、ウィスカが発生しても供給されるSn原子の移動が抑制され、ウィスカの成長が抑制される。
2 金属薄膜
3 結晶粒
4 粒界
5 外部端子
10 IC
11 チップ搭載パッド
12 半導体チップ
13 内部リード部
14 金属細線
15 封止樹脂
20 ウィスカ
30 矢印
Claims (15)
- 所定の金属材料から成るリード基材と、このリード基材の表面を被覆する金属薄膜と、を備えた外部端子を有し、
前記金属薄膜は錫を主成分とする材料から成る第一の層を少なくとも有し、
前記第一の層を前記リード基材表面に垂直な任意の切断面で切断したときに当該第一の層の断面に表れた当該第一の層を構成する個々の結晶粒の前記リード基材表面に垂直な方向の大きさ及び平行な方向の大きさをそれぞれμm単位であらわしたときの値をa及びbとし、更に、(a+b)/2を結晶サイズ指数と定義して、この結晶サイズ指数の平均値が7以上であることを特徴とする電子部品。 - 所定の金属材料から成るリード基材と、このリード基材の表面を被覆する金属薄膜と、を備えた外部端子を有し、
前記金属薄膜は錫を主成分とする材料から成る第一の層を少なくとも有し、
前記第一の層を前記リード基材表面に垂直な任意の切断面で切断したときに当該第一の層の断面に表れた当該第一の層を構成する個々の結晶粒の前記リード基材表面に垂直な方向の大きさ及び平行な方向の大きさをそれぞれXv及びXhとしたとき、Xh/Xvの平均値が4以上であることを特徴とする電子部品。 - 所定の金属材料から成るリード基材と、このリード基材の表面を被覆する金属薄膜とを備えた外部端子を有し、且つ前記金属薄膜が錫を主成分とする材料から成る第一の層を少なくとも有する電子部品であって、前記第一の層がめっきにより形成され、且つ前記第一の層を前記リード基材表面に平行な断面で観察したときに、1000μm2の観察エリアあたりの、結晶粒界の総延長が300μm以下であることを特徴とする電子部品。
- 所定の金属材料から成るリード基材とこのリード基材の表面を被覆する金属薄膜とを備えた外部端子を有し、
前記金属薄膜は錫を主成分とする材料から成る第一の層を少なくとも有し、
前記第一の層が非晶質構造であることを特徴とする電子部品。 - 前記第一の層が、実質的に純粋な錫、又は錫を主成分とし添加金属としてビスマス、銀、銅、インジウム及び亜鉛を含むグループの中の少なくとも一つを含有する錫系合金から成る請求項1乃至4いずれか1項に記載の電子部品。
- 前記第一の層が実質的に純粋な錫からなり、且つ当該第一の層の平均結晶サイズ指数が、7以上且つ20以下の範囲にある請求項1記載の電子部品。
- 前記第一の層が錫を主成分とし添加金属としてビスマスを0.5重量%以上且つ4重量%以下の範囲で含有する錫−ビスマス合金からなり、且つ当該第一の層の平均結晶サイズ指数が、7以上且つ20以下の範囲にある請求項1記載の電子部品。
- 前記第一の層が錫を主成分とし、添加金属として銀を0.5重量%以上且つ6重量%以下の範囲で含有する錫−銀合金からなり、且つ当該第一の層の平均結晶サイズ指数が、7以上且つ20以下の範囲にある請求項1記載の電子部品。
- 前記第一の層が錫を主成分とし、添加金属として3重量%以下の銅を含有する錫−銅合金からなり、且つ当該第一の層の平均結晶サイズ指数が、10以上且つ30以下の範囲にある請求項1記載の電子部品。
- 前記第一の層が、めっきにより形成される請求項1,2及び4乃至9いずれか1項に記載の電子部品。
- 前記第一の層が、溶射法により形成される請求項4記載の電子部品。
- 前記金属材料が、銅を主成分とする金属、又は鉄−ニッケル系合金である請求項1乃至11いずれか1項に記載の電子部品。
- 所定の金属材料から成るリード基材と、このリード基材の表面を被覆する金属薄膜と、を備えた外部端子を有し、且つ前記金属薄膜が錫を主成分とする材料から成る第一の層を少なくとも有すると共にこの第一の層がめっきにより形成される電子部品の製造方法であって、
前記第一の層を電解めっきにより形成するめっき工程が、最初の所定時間は電流密度1A/dm2以下でめっきする初期めっきステップを備えることを特徴とする電子部品の製造方法。 - 前記めっき工程の後に前記第一の層を所定温度で所定時間熱処理を施す熱処理工程を更に有し、
前記熱処理工程の所定温度が前記第一の層の融点温度未満である請求項13に記載の電子部品の製造方法。 - 前記めっき工程の後に前記第一の層を所定温度で所定時間熱処理を施す熱処理工程を更に有し、且つ前記熱処理工程が、前記第一の層を当該第一の層の融点温度以上で所定時間保持する溶融ステップと、溶融ステップの後で前記第一の層を徐冷する徐冷ステップを備え、
前記徐冷ステップにおける冷却スピードが3℃/秒未満である請求項13に記載の電子部品の製造方法。
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JP2007081235A (ja) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-29 | Renesas Technology Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
DE112007002936T5 (de) | 2007-01-04 | 2009-10-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi | Plattierelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben |
DE112008001094T5 (de) | 2007-04-25 | 2010-06-10 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi | Plattiertes Element und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben |
JP2011527100A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-10-20 | アギア システムズ インコーポレーテッド | 金属フィルム上の成長形成物の防止または軽減 |
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JP2007081235A (ja) * | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-29 | Renesas Technology Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
DE112007002936T5 (de) | 2007-01-04 | 2009-10-08 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi | Plattierelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben |
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USRE45987E1 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
US6884523B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 |
JP4434669B2 (ja) | 2010-03-17 |
US20050056446A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
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