JP2004500151A - 吻合手術用ステープラーの電気機械駆動機構 - Google Patents

吻合手術用ステープラーの電気機械駆動機構 Download PDF

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JP2004500151A
JP2004500151A JP2000620877A JP2000620877A JP2004500151A JP 2004500151 A JP2004500151 A JP 2004500151A JP 2000620877 A JP2000620877 A JP 2000620877A JP 2000620877 A JP2000620877 A JP 2000620877A JP 2004500151 A JP2004500151 A JP 2004500151A
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ウィットマン,マイケル,ピー.
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/11Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
    • A61B17/115Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
    • A61B17/1155Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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Abstract

電気機械装置駆動機構に対する付属装置として使用するためのステープル装置は、上部ジョー(80)と下部ジョー(50)を含み、該上部ジョー(80)は、下部ジョー(50)の中に置かれる取外し可能なステープルトレイの中の1つまたは複数のステープルに対応するステープルガイドを有し、それによりねじ込み穴を有する楔(250)がステープルトレイの後の下部ジョーの中に置かれる流路内の一致するねじ込み軸(260)の上を移動し、その結果、ねじ込み軸(260)の回転によって、ステープルをステープルガイドに押し付けるために楔(250)の傾斜面がステープルに接触し、ステープルを閉じる間に、楔(250)の流路を通る移動が引き起こされる。
【選択図】図3

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、概して、吻合手術用道具、ステープル手術用道具、および切除用道具とともに使用するための電気機械装置に関し、さらに特定すると、結腸とその他の組織を共にステープルで留めることを可能とするために、電気機械装置駆動機構に取り付けることができ、電気機械装置駆動機構の拡張部としての役割を果たすことのできるステープル装置に関する。
【従来の技術】
【0002】
胃腸管での癌性の組織、およびその他の異常組織の特定時、多くの場合、外科手術的な介入が処方される。癌手術およびさらに特定すると、癌性組織を含む胃腸管の部分を切除する外科手術的な処置は、数多くの独特に設計された器具を含む。本発明の計装およびそれらの機能に関する記述と組み合わされ、この外科手術的な処置の最先端の記述も提供されるものとする。
【0003】
胃腸管の癌の治療方法を決定する際に応えられなければならない第1の質問とは、癌性の組織の特定の場所に関係する。これは、現在の技術で提供されている器械が、それらがどの程度深くまで胃腸管の中に差し込まれてよいのかに関する制限を有する限り非常に重要である。
【0004】
癌性の組織が胃腸管の上部または下部に行きすぎた場合には、提供される標準的な計装は使用不可能であり、このようにして特殊な設備を必要とする。これらの設備は概して、腸の内容物による取り囲む組織の汚染のリスクを高め、手術の長さおよび麻酔に対する対応する必要性を増し、機械化された装置を活用することから生じる正確な吻合およびステープル留めの利点を排除する。
【0005】
さらに具体的には、癌性の組織が、本計装が接触できる腸内の位置に位置する場合、腸を露呈するために患者の胃が最初に開かれる。それから、外科医は、閉じられている腸の2つの開放端部(肛門に向けられている末端部、および下部腸管に最も近い近端部)を同時にステープルで留める一方で、癌性の組織のどちらかの側にある結腸の管を切除する。一時的な閉鎖は、汚染を最小限に抑えるために実行される。従来の技術で使用される線形のカッターおよびステープル器械が、図19に透視図で示される。
【0006】
さらに特定すると、この一時的な閉鎖は、結腸が線形カッターの先端部にある鋏要素とステープル器械の間に配置されるときに達成される。装置のハンドルでのトリガを握り締めることによって、外科医は、鋏要素をいっしょにさせる。それから、第2トリガ(または同じトリガの二次的な動作)が作動され、一連のステープルおよび切断刃を、結腸の固定された端部を通して動かし、それにより端部を閉じ、端部を横に切開する。
【0007】
2つの露呈された末端部および近端部の密封後、外科医は、腸の近端部に小さい開口部を作り、吻合およびステープルの機会の取外し可能なアンビル部分を挿入する。外科的な処置の残りのステップだけではなくこのステップも、図20の透視図に示されるこの手術用の器械の機能に関する。さらに特定すると、外科医は、器械を取り、反対側の端部にあるアンビルヘッドを前方に進ませるハンドルの基部にあるダイヤルを手で回すことにより開始する。外科医は、アンビルヘッドがその最も極端に引き伸ばされた位置まで進むまでダイヤルを回し続ける。この手による回転には、ほぼ30回の完全な回転が必要とされる。
【0008】
いったん完全に引き伸ばされると、器械のアンビルヘッドはそこから切り離され、連結ポストがそこを通って外向きに伸びるように露呈されている近端部の中に差し込まれる。前述されたように、この近端部はそれからステープルで留められ、閉じられる。
【0009】
それから、吻合およびステープル器械の伸張する軸は、その結合幹部がステープルで留められる遠端部を通って伸張するまで、下部結腸の中に差し込まれ、経肛門的腫瘍摘出術が進められる。それから、外科医は、アンビルの結合端部と軸をまとめて接合し、ハンドル内のダイヤルをもう一度手で回転し始め、このときアンビルヘッドは軸により近くなる。
【0010】
いったんアンビルヘッドおよび軸が近くなると、外科医がダイヤルをさらに30回、手で回転した後に、ハンドルのグリップスタイルトリガが手で作動される。この作動により、円形の刃は軸の先端部の中から軸に沿って進み、アンビルの反対側の面に接触するようになる。刃は、結腸の近端部および末端部のステープルで留められ、閉じられた端部を切り通し、それにより結腸の近端部と末端部の新しい組も切断する。切断された組織は、軸の端部の内部空間内に保持される。
【0011】
切断によるロックステップでは、新しく開放された端部が、軸の先端部の周縁部の穴を通して進められてきた(アンビルの反対側の面に押し付けられ、それにより閉じられる)一連のステープルによってともに接合される。それから、結合された軸とアンビルは患者から引き出される。
【0012】
図19に示されている従来の技術の線形ステープル器械の構造上の形状構成に関してさらに特定すると、装置は、細長い軸および遠端部を有するピストルグリップスタイルの構造を備える。末端部は、閉じられた結腸の開放端部を固定する1組の鋏様式グリップ要素を含む。事実上、2つの鋏様式グリップ要素の1つだけ、つまりアンビル部分は、全体的な構造を基準として移動する(枢動する)。その他は固定されたままである。この鋏手段の作動(アンビル部分の枢動)は、ハンドル内に維持されるグリップトリガによって制御される。数多くの異なる手段が、スナップ、クリップ、カラーらを含む、閉じられている鋏アームの先端を保持するために開示されていた。
【0013】
鋏手段に加えて、末端部は、ステープル機構も含む。鋏機構の非移動要素は、ステープルカートリッジ受取り区域、およびアンビル部分に逆らってステープルを結腸の固定された端部を通して上に動かし、それにより過去に開かれた端部を密封するための機構を含む。鋏要素は、軸と一体化して形成されてよいか、あるいは多様な鋏要素およびステープル要素が交換可能であるように着脱自在であってよい。
【0014】
図20に示される従来の技術の吻合およびステープル器械の構造上の形状構成に関してさらに特定すると、装置は、アンビル部分、ステープル、刃と貯蔵器部分、軸部分およびハンドル部分を備える。軸の先端から選択的に取り外すことができるアンビル部分は、鈍い鼻部を有する上部、底部の平らな切断支持面、および底部表面から軸に沿って伸張する連結ポストを有するカプセル形をしている。
【0015】
器械のステープル、刃、および貯蔵器部分(SBR部分)は、器械の末端部に提供され、アンビル部分をその上で選択的に受け取るための、選択的に進めることが可能、かつ引っ込めることが可能な結合幹部を含む。結合幹部のこの動作は、ねじ込まれた軸および(さらに完全に後述される)ハンドルに取り付けられているウォーム機構によって提供される。
【0016】
SBR部分は形状が円筒形であり、中空の内部を有するハウジングを形成する。貯蔵器を形成するのがこの中空の内部である。刃は、同様に円筒形であり、その内壁に接してハウジングの内部にぴったり嵌る。刃は、ハンドルのトリガ機構の作動に従って(再び、さらに完全に後述される)ハウジングから外向きに軸に沿って選択的に進めることができる。
【0017】
ハウジングの円筒形の壁の軸に沿って外向きに向く面上には、一連のステープルポートがあり、それを通って装置のステープルが放出される。刃を前方に駆動する同じ作動は、同様にして、円筒形の壁の中で一連のステープル駆動機構を前方に駆動する。さらに正確には、ステープル駆動機構は、その軸に沿った端部での一連の突起を有する円筒形の構成部品であり、該突起は、ステープルおよび穴の配分に従って配置される。放出に先だってに、ステープルは穴の中に取り付けられ、ステープル駆動機構およびその突起の動作によって穴の中を進められる。
【0018】
器械の軸部分は、1組の細長いロッド用の鎧装として意図される簡略な硬い伸張した構造である。第1ロッドは、前記に紹介され、ハンドル部分に関してさらに完全に後述されたウォーム機構に結合され、アンビル部分およびSBR部分の結合幹部を選択的に進め、引っ込める手段である。第2ロッドは、(やはり前記に紹介され、さらに完全に後述される)一方の端部でハンドルのトリガに、および他方の端部で刃およびステープル駆動機構に結合される。
【0019】
鎧装は、それが結腸の中に経肛門的腫瘍摘出術が進められると、患者および計器を保護する。しかしながら、作動機構の性質は、軸が堅いことを必要とする。この剛性が軸の長さ、および組み合わせ、つまり器械の長さと剛性を制限し、これらの形状構成は、この装置を使用して治療されてよい結腸の部分を制限する。
【0020】
従来の技術によるこの器械のハンドルは、蝶番(つまり、ハンドルが軸部分の接合部に向かい合う端部)に回転ダイヤル、および指で作動されるトリガを有するピストルグリップスタイルの構造を備える。トリガは、緩衝位置から出ない限り、物理的に作動を防止する安全機構を含む。回転ダイヤルは、軸部分の第1ロッドを進め(それにより、結合幹部およびアンビルを進め)るために使用されるウォーム機構にすぐ作動自在に結合される。トリガは、第2ロッドを軸内で前方に押し進めるための基本的なレバーとして機能し、それにより刃およびステープル駆動機構を前進させる。
【0021】
従来の技術の多くのこのような装置でのように、これらの装置のすべてが完全に配置可能であると見なされ、事実上、1回だけ使用された後に投棄される。それらは、複数の移動パーツを有し、多大な構造上の完全性、それゆえ製造上の費用を必要とする複雑な装置である。それらが一度だけしか使用されず、どのパーツも再び使用できないという事実が、このような装置の使用を高価にし、資源を無駄使いさせる。
【0022】
この失敗に加え、前記記述から容易に認めることができるように、従来の技術による装置は、克服することが望ましいだろう多数のそれ以外の制約を被る。これらは、(吻合ステープル器械のダイヤルとトリガ、および切断ステープル器械の複数のトリガに関連付けられた機能を含む)外科医が多くの異なる機能を手作業で作動するという要件だけではなく、(このような装置によって治療されてよい胃腸管の部分を制限する)吻合ステープル器械の堅い、限られた長さの軸も含む。
【0023】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって、電気機械装置駆動機構の付属装置としての使用を可能とすることによって、資源の無駄を削減する、結腸手術中に胃腸管をステープルで留めるための器械を提供することは本発明の主な目的である。
【0024】
状態が、外科医がステープル処置を開始するのに安全である、および/または適切であるときについて、外科医に注意を喚起する器械を提供することも本発明の主な目的である。
【0025】
外科医が異なる構成部品および機構を手作業で作動するための要件を削減する器械アセンブリを提供することも、本発明の追加の目的である。
【0026】
電気機械装置駆動機構の付属装置を他の電気機械装置に統合することができるステープル機構を提供することも本発明のさらなる目的である。
【0027】
本発明のその他の目的は、後述されるその記述に従って、および残りの図と関連して好ましい実施形態の詳細な記述に認識されるものとする。
【0028】
【発明の要約】
本発明の前記目的は、電気機械装置駆動機構によって作動可能であり、一度電気機械装置駆動機構に結合される電気機械ステープル装置のおかげで提供される。この電気機械ステープル装置が、前記に、および下記の好ましい実施形態の詳細な記述に記述されるように、線形固定機構とともに使用できることが認識される必要がある。さらに特定すると、最初に、付属装置の線形固定機構が結腸の開放端部を固定するために使用されてから、本発明のステープル機構が1つの動きで結腸組織をステープルで留め、横に切開するために使用される。
【0029】
さらに特定すると、本発明は、(1)電気機械駆動機構、(2)線形固定、切断およびステープル付属装置、および(3)吻合ステープル付属装置である3つの構成部品を備えるシステムで使用することができ、後者の2つの付属装置は、駆動機構構成部品と接合する1つの共通の設計された連結インターフェースを有する。
【0030】
第1に、電気機械駆動機構に関して、駆動機構はハンドルおよび可撓駆動軸を有する。ハンドルは、それぞれが(これ以降にさらに詳細に記述される)別々の可撓駆動軸を回転する別々のモータに独立して結合される1組のフィンガトリガを有するピストルグリップスタイルの設計を有する。
【0031】
モータは、それぞれ二重方向モータであり、ハンドル上部に取り付けられる手動駆動スイッチに結合され、それにより、ユーザは、それぞれのモータの回転方向を選択的に改変することができる。この二重方向容量は、電流の方向に対応する方向で回転するモータを選択することによって最も簡略に達成されてよく、駆動スイッチの作動が相応して電流の方向を改変する。
【0032】
この例では、モータに供給する電源は、電池パック(および最も望ましくは、再充電可能な電池パック)などの直流ソースでなければならない。装置が交流で使用可能でなければならない場合には、変圧器を含むことができるか、あるいはさらに精密な中間ギヤアセンブリを提供してよいかのどちらかである。本発明と関連して、記述される本発明の実施形態は、直流を提供する再充電可能な電池パックを活用する。
【0033】
モータ構成部品に加えて、ハンドルは、さらに(1)リモートステータスインジケータ、(2)軸ステアリング手段、および(3)少なくとも1つの追加電気供給を含む、いくつかのその他の機能を含む。最初に、リモートステータスインジケータは、ユーザが構成部品の位置に関する知識(例えば、固定要素が、ステープルの駆動の前に適切な位置にあるかどうか)をそれによって獲得してよいLCD(または類似する読出し装置)を備えてよい。
【0034】
第2に、ハンドルは、可撓軸の(下記にさらに完全に後述される軸部分に埋め込まれるガイドワイヤによって)移動を向けるための、例えば、ジョイスティックまたはトラックボールなどの手動で作動可能なステアリング手段も含む。最後に、ハンドルは、追加電源、および電力を付属装置に選択的に供給するためのオンオフスイッチを含む。
【0035】
可撓軸に関してさらに特定すると、軸は、好ましくは、組織と互換性があり、滅菌可能である(つまり、加圧減菌器に耐えるほど十分に堅牢である)簡略なエラストマ材から形成される管状の鎧装を備える。この軸の多様な長さは、本発明と関連して提供されてよい。このケースでは、可撓軸およびハンドル部分は分離できなければならない。
【0036】
分離可能な場合、軸の近端部とハンドルの末端部間の界面は、駆動構成部品用の結合手段を含まなければならない。特に、軸の駆動構成部品に関しては、それぞれが、管の中で回転できる可撓駆動軸を含む1組の小さい方の固定された管が、エラストマ鎧装内にある。可撓駆動軸自体は、外科医が、患者の結腸を通って「くねくね進む」のに必要と見なすため、曲げる、傾斜させる、曲げる等に十分なほど依然として可撓である一方、ただハンドル内のモータから軸の末端部にトルクを中継できなければならない。例えば、駆動軸は、織られた鋼ファイバケーブルを備えてよい。
【0037】
他の駆動軸がこの目的に適切であってよいことが認識されるものとする。しかしながら、(さらに詳しく後述されるように)駆動軸の末端部が、本発明の固定およびステープル装置などの付属装置と結合するために、駆動軸の末端部は、トルクの続行する中継を可能とする構造を有さなければならない。例えば、駆動軸の末端部は六角であり、それにより付属装置の連結インターフェース内の六角凹部に嵌ってよい。
【0038】
前述されたように、ハンドルに取り付けられる相互に作動可能なステアリング手段に関連して、鎧装は、さらに、可撓であるが、その末端部近くの鎧装の内面に結合される少なくとも2本のガイドワイヤを含む。ガイドワイヤは、ステアリング手段の作動により互いを基準にして軸に沿って並進されてよく、その動作により鎧装は相応して曲がり、カーブする。
【0039】
また、前記に示唆されるように、ハンドルのLCDインジケータと関連して、軸は、さらに、付属装置に結合するための電気導線も含む。該電気導線は、付属装置のステータス(例えば、固定機能が当てはまっているかどうか)を示すために付属装置からハンドルに信号を運ぶ。同様に、第2電気導線が、そのように必要とされる(例えば、線形ステープル付属装置の1つの実施形態に関してさらに完全に後述されるように、ステープルプロセスを通して続行する固定を確実にするために選択的に係合可能な電磁シールの使用が提供され、ハンドルの電源から選択的に提供される電力を必要としてよい)のであれば、電力を付属装置の別個の態様に供給するために備えられてよい。
【0040】
さらに特定すると、複数の異なる潜在的な実施形態を有し、その内の2つが例としてここに開示される線形固定、切断およびステープル付属装置に関して、付属装置は、運転において、電気駆動機構の可撓駆動軸の伸張部として機能する2つの駆動伸張部が付いている。すなわち、付属装置が電気駆動機構に合わされるとき、駆動伸張部は、駆動軸モータの起動が、線形固定、切断およびステープル付属装置内での駆動伸張部を起動するように、可撓駆動軸と機械的に連絡している。付属装置のそれぞれの実施形態では、第1駆動伸張部は線形固定機構を可能にするが、第2駆動伸張部は切断およびステープル機構を可能にする。
【0041】
1つの実施形態では、線形固定機構は、鋏の上部ジョーが、鋏の長さを囲むカフが、鋏の閉じる端部に向かって鋏の枢着端部から移動されるにつれて、鋏の下部ジョーに固定される鋏−カフシステムを備える。鋏は、カフがその元の位置に戻されるにつれて留め金を外すことができる。この実施形態では、第1駆動伸張部は、電気機械駆動機構内での対応するモータの回転方向に応じて、前方または後方へカフを移動する。
【0042】
第2実施形態では、線形固定機構は、それにより上部ジョーが持ち上げられ、その後で下部ジョーに出会い、固定を達成するために引き下げられる分離ジョーシステムを備える。この実施形態では、第1駆動伸張部は、電気機械駆動機構内での対応するモータの回転方向に応じて、上部ジョーを引き上げる、または引き下げる1組のねじ込まれた垂直軸を係合する。これらの実施形態のそれぞれにおいて、ジョーが閉じられると、ジョーの上に置かれる1組のセンサ電極が接触し、それによりステープル機構を起動するのが安全および/または適切であることを外科医に注意を換気するセンサ回路を完了する。
【0043】
これらの実施形態のそれぞれで、本発明のステープル機構は、下部ジョー内の開放ステープルセットの交換可能なトレイ、および上部ジョーの上に付けられる対応ステープルガイドのセットを備え、その結果、線形固定機構が閉鎖位置にあるときには、開放ステープルがただちに対応するステープルガイドを対抗する。
【0044】
ステープル機構は、さらに、ジョーの間で腸組織を通して切断するための刃も備える。この機構は、それによりいったん線形固定機構が閉鎖位置にあるときには、開放ステープルのトレイの下にある流路に載る楔が流路を通して押される楔プッシュシステムを備える。楔が流路を通って移動するにつれて、楔の傾斜面が対応するステープルガイドに開放楔を押し付け、それによりステープルを閉じる。刃部分は、この傾斜する表面におさめられ、腸の組織を切り通す。ステープルが閉じられた後、楔は流路を通して引き戻される。第2駆動伸張部は、一致する内側ねじ山を有する楔がその上に載るねじ込まれた水平軸を係合することによって、電気機械駆動機構内の対応するモータの回転方向に応じて、流路を通る楔と刃の機構をを押す、または引っ張る。
【0045】
今度は吻合およびステープル付属装置を参照すると、好ましい実施形態は、同等な目的のために構築できるだろう異なる種類の単一の例として後述される。しかしながら、前述された線形付属装置でのように、この例は、本発明の相対的な電気機械駆動機構の汎用的な応用性を立証する。
【0046】
この付属装置は、アンビル部分、ならびに前述された軸要素の駆動構成部品に結合可能である1組の回転駆動軸を含むステープル、刃および貯蔵器部分、ならびに回転駆動軸に取り付けられているが、回転するのを妨げられ、したがってそれらが回転するときに軸に沿って線形に進み、引っ込む1組の対応する前進ナットおよび後退ナットを備える。アンビル部分は、鈍い鼻のついた上部、底部の平坦な切断支持面、および底面から軸に沿って伸張する自由に回転する連結ポストを有するカプセル形状である。この連結ポストは、回転する駆動軸の1つに取り付けられている対応するナットに選択的に結合可能、および取り外しできるように設計される。
【0047】
ステープル、刃および貯蔵器部分(SBR部分)は円筒形の形状であり、中空の内部を有するハウジングを形成する。貯蔵器を形成するのはこの中空の内部である。ハウジングの円筒形の壁の軸に沿って外向きに面する表面の上には、一連のステープルポートがあり、それらを通して装置のステープルは放出される。一連のステープル駆動機構が、そこを通してステープルを駆動するために、ステープルポートの下にある円筒形の壁の中に取り付けられている。
【0048】
さらに正確には、ステープル駆動機構は、SBR部分の壁部にぴったり嵌る単一の円筒形の構成部品の外側端縁上の一連の突起である。放出に先だって、ステープルは穴の中に取り付けられる。そして、それらはステープル駆動機構およびその突起の前方運動により穴を通して進められる。
【0049】
刃は、同様に円筒形であり、その壁の内面に接してハウジングの内部にぴったり嵌る。刃とステープル駆動機構の両方とも、その結果その他の回転駆動軸に取り付けられる第2ナットに取り付けられる。回転駆動軸が回転するにつれて、(回転に逆らって抑制される)ナットが軸に沿って進み、このようにして刃およびステープル駆動機構を線形に進める。したがって、刃およびステープル駆動機構は、ハンドルでの適切なトリガの作動に従って、ハウジングから軸に沿って外向きに選択的に前進可能である。実際問題として、この付属装置は、いったん切除されなければならない結腸の部分が一部切除されると(が、線形固定ステープルステップが完了する前に)、以下の方法で活用される。
【0050】
外科医は、吻合ステープル付属装置を電気機械駆動機構に結合し、アンビル部分をそ最大範囲まで進めることによって始める。それから、アンビルヘッドが取り外され、露呈される近端部に挿入される。それから、前述されたように、この近端部はステープルで留められ、閉じられる。その後、外科医は軸および付属装置のSBR部分を、それがステープルで止められている結腸の末端部を通って伸張するまで上方へ進める。外科医は、それから、アンビルを対応する駆動軸の前進後退ナットに結合する。ハンドル内でのモータのそれ以降のトリガにより、アンビルはSBR部分に向かって引っ込められる。
【0051】
好ましい実施形態では、アンビルの基部およびSBRハウジングの外側端縁が、ハンドルのLCDインジケータに結合される電磁センサを備え、それにより外科医が、アンビルおよびSBRがいつ刃およびステープルを駆動するのに十分に近くなるのかを知ることができるようにする。
【0052】
ハンドルでのその他のトリガのそれ以降の作動により、対応するその他の回転駆動軸は、刃およびステープル駆動装置をアンビルの反対側の面に接触させる。刃は、結腸のステープルで留められ、閉じられた端部を切り通して、内部貯蔵器内で切断される組織を離れる。切断と同時に、新しく開かれた端部は、(アンビルの反対側の面に押しつけられ、それにより閉じられる)SBRの周縁部端縁内の穴を通って進められる一連のステープルによってともに結合される。その後で、付属装置および可撓軸は患者から引っ込められる。
【0053】
【発明の好ましい実施の形態】
本発明に従った線形固定ステープル付属装置のステープル機構の好ましい実施形態が図1から図18に示される。さらに特定すると、ここで図1、図2および図13を参照すると、本発明に従った線形固定機構ならびにステープル切断機構が、線形固定、切断およびステープル付属装置20の一部として示されている。
【0054】
ここで図3と図4も参照すると、この好ましい実施形態では、線形固定機構は、近端部100を有する下部ジョー50および上部ジョー80を備える分離ジョーシステムを備える。また、ここで図7、図11、図14および図17を参照すると、上部ジョー80の近端部100は、それを通して対応する1組の垂直軸130を伸張する1組のねじ込まれた垂直穴90を有する。垂直穴90の内側ネジ92は、垂直軸130の外側ネジ132に一致する。
【0055】
今度は図6と図10も参照すると、垂直軸130は、上部水平軸150の末端部140でねじ込まれた上部水平軸150を係合する。上部水平軸150の外側ネジ152は、垂直軸130の外側ネジ132と連動する。ここで、図3から図5および図9を参照すると、上部水平軸150は近端部170に上部駆動そっと180を有する。
【0056】
図3から図6、図9、図10、図14および図17を参照すると、線形固定機構は、さらに、(図5、図9および図13で最もよく見られる)第1接触ノード188との通信ワイヤ(図示されていない)を介して電気的に通信する直接接触を介して(図14と図17に最もよく見られる)第2接触パッド189と結果的に電気的に通信する(図6、図10、図14および図7に最もよく見られる)第1接触パッド187との通信ワイヤ(図示されていない)を介して電気的に通信する第1センサ電極182を備える。
【0057】
同様にして、線形固定機構は、さらに、(図5、図9および図13に最もよく示される)第2接触ノード186との通信ワイヤ(図示されていない)を介して電気的に通信する第2センサ電極184を備える。接触ノード186、188は、センサ回路を形成するために電気機械駆動構成部品(図示されていない)内での通信ワイヤ(図示されていない)と電気的に通信し、その結果、上部ジョー80および下部ジョー50がともに固定され、センサ電極182、184は接触し、センサ回路は閉じられ、外科医はその他の回路構成部品(図示されていない)を介してジョー50、80の固定位置に注意を喚起され、したがって、ステープル機構を起動することが安全および/または適切であることを知らされる。
【0058】
さらにこの好ましい実施形態では、およびここで図3、図4、図8、図12、図16および図18を参照すると、切断ステープル機構は、下部ジョー50の中で1本または複数本の留めロッド、またはステープル230を、上部ジョー80の中でステープル230に対応する1つまたは複数のステープルガイド240を収容する交換可能なトレイ220を備える楔プッシュシステムを備える。ステープル230のそれぞれが、トレイ220の下に突出する蝶番232、およびトレイ220の上部に伸張する1組の尖った先端234を有する。
【0059】
また、ここで図7、図11、および図15を参照すると、楔プッシュシステムは、さらに、楔ガイド、つまりトレイ220の下に伸張する流路250を備える。流路250内では、外側ネジ262を有するねじ込まれた下部水平軸260が伸張する。底部垂直軸260の上には、傾斜上面280を有する楔270、下部垂直ねじ込み軸260の外側ネジ262と一致する内側ネジ292を有する、流路250と同軸の(図7と図11に最もよく示される)垂直ねじ込み穴290、および上部に伸張する刃部材51が移動する。ここで図3、図4、図5および図9を参照すると、水平軸260が、近端部300で、第2駆動受け口310を有する。
【0060】
運転において、外科医が胃腸管内の癌性組織または異常組織の位置を突き止めた後に、最初に患者の腹部は腸を露呈するために開かれる。それから、外科医は、癌性組織のどちあかの側で腸の管を切断し、それにより腸の2つの開かれた端部を生じさせ、その遠端部は肛門に向けれ、その近端部は下部腸に最も近い。その後、汚染を最小限に押さえるために、外科医は、線形固定切断およびステープル付属装置を用い、露呈された端部を一時的にステープルで留める。後述される固定切断およびステープル処置に従って、腸の近端部および遠端部は、固定され、切断され、ステープルで留められるだろう。
【0061】
さらに特定すると、線形固定切断およびステープル付属装置は、上部駆動受け口180が、電気機械駆動機構構成部品(図示されていない)の対応する可撓駆動軸(図示されていない)を係合し、第2駆動受け口310が電気機械駆動機構構成部品(図示されていない)の対応する可撓駆動軸(図示されていない)を係合するように、電気機械駆動機構構成部品(図示されていない)の接続受け口に合わせられる。
【0062】
このようにして、上部水平軸150は、電気機械駆動機構構成要素(図示されていない)の対応する可撓駆動軸(図示されていない)の回転によって達成される上部駆動受け口180によって達成される。右回りまたは左回りの回転が、担当のモータ(図示されていない)方向に応じて達成される。同様にして、下部水平軸260の回転は、電気機械駆動機構構成部品(図示されていない)の対応する可撓駆動軸(図示されていない)の回転によって達成される第2駆動受け口310の回転により達成される。再び、右回りまたは左回りの回転は、担当するモータ(図示されていない)の方向に応じて達成される。
【0063】
腸の露呈される端部を固定するために、外科医は、最初に、上部水平軸150の近端部170で上部駆動受け口180に係合する上部可撓駆動軸410に対応する上部モータ400を起動し、それにより上部水平軸150を左回りの回転で回転させる。線形固定ステープル付属装置が、図1に図示されるように最初の閉じられた状態にあるとき、上部水平軸150のこの右回りの回転により、上部水平軸150の外側溝152は、垂直軸130の外側溝132と係合し、それにより、垂直軸130を右回り回転で回転させる。
【0064】
垂直軸130のこの右回り回転により、垂直軸130の外側溝132は、垂直穴90の内側溝92内で運び、それにより上部ジョー80は上昇し、下部ジョー50から分離し始める。このようにしたモータの連続動作は最終的には線形固定ステープル付属装置を開放状態にし、図2に示されるように、上部ジョー80と下部ジョー50間に空間を提供する。
【0065】
いったん線形固定ステープル付属装置がこの開放状態に入ると、外科医は、ステープル230のトレイ220にアクセスを有し、ステープル230が、処置に対して準備が完了している、および/または図26に示されるように、トレイ220をより適切なトレイ220と置換することを確実にするためにチェックすることができる。いったん外科医が、トレイ220が準備完了し、適所にあることを検証すると、外科医は、結腸の開放末端部を上部ジョー80と下部ジョー50間に置く。その後、外科医は、上部水平軸150の左回り回転を達成するために上部モータ400を逆転し、その結果、垂直軸130の左回り回転を達成し、その結果上部ジョー80の引き下げを達成する。
【0066】
このようにした上部モータ400の連続動作は、最終的には、線形固定ステープル付属装置を閉じられた状態に戻し、そこでは腸の末端部が上部ジョー80と下部ジョー40の間で固定され、腸の末端部の小さい部分が上部ジョー80および下部ジョー50を越えて側面方向に伸張する。
【0067】
いったん腸の末端部が前述されたように固定されると、センサ電極182、184が接触し、外科医は、電気機械駆動構成部品内の回路構成部品を介して、ステープル機構を起動することが安全、および/かつ適切である旨を注意喚起される。それから、外科医はステープル機構を起動する。線形固定ステープル付属装置の上部ジョー80、垂直穴90、垂直軸130、水平軸150、および上部駆動受け口180と、電気機械駆動機構構成要素の上部可撓駆動軸と上部モータ400間の機械的な関係性により与えられる抵抗が、ともに、上部ジョー80および下部ジョー50がステープル機構の動作中いっしょに固定されたままとなることを確実にする。
【0068】
ステープルおよび切断処置を開始するために、外科医は、下部水平軸260の近端部300で下部駆動受け口310に係合し、それにより下部水平軸260を右回り回転で回転させる下部可撓駆動軸430に対応する電気機械駆動機構構成要素の下部モータ420を起動する。ステープルおよび切断機構が初期負荷状態にあるとき、楔270およびそれに関連づけられた刃51は、下部水平軸260の近端部300に最も近い位置にある流路250内にある。下部水平軸260の右回り回転により、下部水平軸260の外側ネジ262は、楔270の水平ねじ込み穴290の内側ネジ292と係合し、それにより、楔270に、下部水平軸260の近端部300から離れた方向での流路250を通して移動させる。このようにして下部モータ420の連続動作は、楔270を、流路250を通して完全に移動するだろう。
【0069】
楔270が流路を通して移動するにつれて、楔の上部に取り付けられる刃51は腸を切り通し、それを横に切開する。同時に、楔270の傾斜上面280はステープル230の兆番232に接触し、それによりステープル230の尖った先端234を、腸の固定された末端部の組織を通して、ステープルガイド240に接して押し進め、それによりステープル230が曲げ、閉じる。楔270が流露250を通って完全に移動数と、ステープル230のすべてがトレイ220を押し通され、閉じられ、それにより腸の閉じられた末端部をステープルで留める。
【0070】
それ以降、外科医は下部モータ420を逆転し、下部水平軸260の左回りの回転を達成し、その結果、下部水平軸260の近端部300に向かって楔270を移動する。下部モータ420のこのようにした動作は、最終的に、楔270をその初期位置に戻す。
【0071】
それ以降、外科医は再び、上部水平軸150の右回りの回転を達成するために上部モータ400を作動し、その結果、垂直軸130の右回りの回転を達成し、その結果上部ジョー80の上昇を達成する。このようにした上部モータ400の連続動作は、最終的に線形固定切断およびステープル付属装置を開放状態にする。それ以降、外科医は空になったトレイ220をいっぱいのトレイ220と交換し、腸の近端部で同じ固定切断およびステープル処置を実行する。いったん腸の近端部が固定され、切断され、ステープルで留められると、外科医は、電気機械駆動装置構成要素から付属装置を分離し、付属装置を廃棄し、その他の付属装置による追加処置のために電気機械駆動機構構成部品を使用する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1と図2】
図1と図2は、それぞれ、本発明の1つの態様である線形固定切断およびステープル付属装置の閉じられている配列および開かれている配列の側面図である。
【図3と図4】
図3と図4は、それぞれ、本発明の1つの態様である図1から図2に示されている線形固定切断およびステープル付属装置の閉じられているおよび開かれている配列のカッタウェイ側面図である。
【図5から図12】
図5から図12は、本発明の1つの態様である図1から図4に示されている線形固定切断およびステープル装置の多様なカッタウェイ面の背面図である。
【図13から図17】
図13から図17は、それぞれ、本発明の1つの態様である図1から図12に示される線形固定切断およびステープル付属装置の底部、上部カッタウェイ、深い上部カッタウェイ、底部カッタウェイ、および平面図である。
【図18】
図18は、本発明の1つの態様である図1から図17に示されている線形固定切断およびステープル付属装置の側面カッタウェイである。
【図19】
図19は、従来の技術の線形固定切断およびステープル機構の透視図である。
【図20】
図20は、従来の技術の吻合ステープル機構の透視図である。

Claims (14)

  1. 第1ジョーと、
    第1ジョーと向かい合って対応する第2ジョーと、
    初期に第2ジョーの中に置かれる1つまたは複数の留め手段と、
    前記第2ジョー内で選択的にかつ軸に沿って並進する関係で、前記留め手段の下に配置される楔部材であって、刃および傾斜面を含み、その結果、前記楔の前記選択的な軸に沿った並進中に、刃が管状の組織の前記部分を横に切開し、傾斜面が管状の組織を通して、および前記第1ジョーに向かって前記留め手段を動かし、それにより前記部分を閉じる前記楔と、
    を備える、管状の組織のある部分を切断し、閉じるための留め切断装置。
  2. さらに、前記第2ジョーと一体化した楔ガイドを備え、前記楔が前記楔ガイド内で並進する、請求項1に記載の装置。
  3. 前記楔ガイドが線形であり、壁を有し、
    前記楔が外面を有し、
    該外面と該壁の間の交差により、前記楔ガイドの線形軸の回りの前記楔の回転が防止され、
    前記楔が、前記楔ガイドの線形軸と同軸の円筒軸を有し、内側ネジを有するねじ込み穴を有し、
    さらに、外側ネジを有し、前記楔ガイドに沿って伸張し、前記穴の円筒軸に同軸の円筒軸を有し、前記穴の内側ネジが前記軸の外側ネジに一致し、それにより前記穴の円筒軸の回りでの前記穴の回転により、外側ネジが内側ネジの中に載り、前記楔を、前記軸に沿って、および前記楔ガイドに沿って移動させるねじ込み軸を備える、
    請求項2に記載の装置。
  4. 前記楔ガイドが、断面を有する線形流路であり、および
    前記楔が、実質的に前記流路の断面と一致する断面を有する、請求項3に記載の装置。
  5. 前記第1ジョーが第1面を有し、
    前記第2ジョーが前記第1ジョーの第1面に向かい合う対応で第2面を有し、前記第2ジョーの第2面が平面を形成し、
    前記留めロッドのそれぞれが、蝶番および少なくとも1つの尖った先端を有し、
    該蝶番が前記流路の中に突出し、それぞれの尖った先端が前記第2ジョーの第2面まで伸張し、
    その結果、前記楔の傾斜面が各蝶番に接触し、それぞれの尖った先端が、前記第2ジョーの第2面によって形成される平面を押し通され、
    その結果、それぞれの尖った先端が、前記第2ジョーの第2面により形成される平面をこのように押し通され、前記第1ジョーの第1面および前記第2ジョーの第2面が実質的に隣接し、それぞれの尖った先端が前記第1ジョーの第1面に接触する、
    請求項4に記載の装置。
  6. 前記留めロッドの1本または複数本がステープルであり、
    前記第1ジョーの第1面が、前記ステープルの尖った先端に対応する1つまたは複数のステープルガイドを含み、それぞれのステープルガイドが、前記ステープルの尖った先端を受け入れ、それ以降、尖った先端を曲げられ、閉じられた位置に向かって誘導するように適応される1組の凹状の窪みを形成する、
    請求項5に記載の装置。
  7. さらに、前記ステープルを収容する取外し可能なステープルトレイを備え、
    そこでは前記第2ジョーの第2面が、取外し可能なステープルトレイを受け入れるように適応される、
    請求項6に記載の装置。
  8. 前記軸が、前記軸を回転させるための手段と機械的に連絡する近端部を有する、請求項3に記載の装置。
  9. 前記手段がモータである、請求項8に記載の装置。
  10. 前記モータが、末端部を有する駆動伸張部を有し、
    前記軸の近端部が、前記駆動伸張部の末端部を受け入れるように適応される駆動受け口を有する、
    請求項9に記載の装置。
  11. 前記軸の右回りの回転により、前記楔が、前記軸の近端部から離れて移動し、
    前記軸の左回りの回転により、楔が、前記軸の近端部に向かって移動する、
    請求項8に記載の装置。
  12. 前記楔のねじ込み穴が、ねじ込み流路である、請求項3に記載の装置。
  13. さらに、前記第1ジョーがいつ前記第2ジョーに隣接するのかを感知するための手段を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
  14. 前記手段が、前記第1ジョー上に第1電気接触子、および前記第2ジョー上に第2電気接触子を含み、第1および第2の電気接触子のそれぞれが、前記第1および第2の電気接触子が触れているときに、前記近接感知回路が閉じられるように、近接感知回路と電気的に通信する、
    請求項13に記載の装置。
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