JP2003520891A - A method for reducing the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels for spark ignition combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) for SUMMARY Conventional spark-ignition internal combustion engine, a method of reducing the vapor pressure of the C ₃ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbon-based motor fuel mixture containing from 0.1 20% by volume of ethanol, ethanol in addition to the components (b) and C ₃ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbon components (a), the following types of compounds, i.e., alcohols other than ethanol, ketone, ether, ester, hydroxy ketone, ketone ester and an oxygen-containing heterocyclic A method is disclosed wherein an oxygen-containing additive (c) selected from at least one of the compounds is used in the fuel mixture in an amount of at least 0.05% by volume of the total fuel. Also disclosed is a mixture of oxygen-containing additive (c) and fuel grade ethanol (b) that can be used in the process of the present invention.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

This invention relates to motor fuels for spark ignition internal combustion engines. More specifically, the present invention provides a hydrocarbon liquid (hydroca) by using an oxygen-containing additive.
rbon liquid) and fuel composition containing ethanol (dry vapor pressure equivalent)
It relates to a method for reducing ressure equivalent (DVPE). The ethanol and DVPE conditioning components used to obtain the fuel composition are preferably derived from renewable sources. The process of the invention makes it possible to obtain motor fuels containing up to 20% by volume of ethanol which meet the standard requirements for spark-ignition internal combustion engines operating on gasoline.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Gasoline is the main fuel for spark ignition internal combustion engines. Widespread use of gasoline results in environmental pollution. Combustion of gasoline derived from crude oil or mineral gas disturbs the balance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect. Crude oil reserves are steadily declining, and some countries are already facing oil shortages.

With increasing concern for environmental protection, more stringent requirements for controlling the content of harmful components in exhaust gas, and lack of crude oil,
The industry is being urged to develop alternative fuels that burn cleaner.

Inventory of existing vehicles and machines worldwide that operate on spark-ignited internal combustion engines (i
currently cannot completely remove gasoline as a motor fuel.

The challenge of making alternative fuels for internal combustion engines has existed for a long time and many attempts have been made to use renewable resources to produce motor fuel components.

US Pat. No. 2,365,009, issued in 1944, describes a combination of C _1-5 , alcohol, and C _3-5 hydrocarbons for use as a fuel. 1989
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,818,250, issued yearly, it is proposed to use limonene obtained from citrus and other plants as a motor fuel or as a component mixed with gasoline. US Pat. No. 5,60, issued in 1997
No. 7,486 discloses new engine fuel additives including terpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and lower alcohols.

Currently, t-butyl ether is widely used as a component of gasoline. t-
A motor fuel containing butyl ether is disclosed in US Pat.
68,233. The major part of these ethers comes from petroleum refining, but can also be produced from renewable sources.

Ethanol is the most promising product to be used as a motor fuel component in mixtures with gasoline. Ethanol is obtained from the processing of renewable raw materials, commonly known as biomass, obtained from carbon dioxide under the influence of solar energy.

Combustion of ethanol produces a substance that is much less harmful than combustion of gasoline. However, using motor fuels containing primarily ethanol requires a specially designed engine. At the same time, a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, which normally operates on gasoline, can be operated on motor fuel containing a mixture of gasoline and up to about 10% by volume ethanol. Such a mixture of gasoline and ethanol
It is currently sold as Gasohol in the United States. Current European regulations for gasoline allow adding up to 5% by volume of ethanol to gasoline.

[0010] The main disadvantage in the mixture of ethanol and gasoline is that the mixture containing up to about 20% by volume of ethanol shows an increase in dry vapor pressure equivalent compared to that of the original gasoline. .

FIG. 1 illustrates the dry vapor pressure equivalent (3) as a function of the ethanol content of gasoline A92 summer, gasoline A95 summer and winter and the mixture with ethanol at 37.8 ° C.
Shows the behavior of DVPE). The gasolines known as A92 and A95 are standard gasoline purchased at gas stations in the United States and Sweden.
Gasoline A92 was produced in the United States and gasoline A95 was produced in Sweden. The ethanol used was fuel grade ethanol manufactured by Williams, USA. The DVPE of the mixture was determined according to the standard ASTM D5191 method at the SGS laboratory in Stockholm, Sweden.

[0012] For a range of ethanol concentrations between 5% and 10% by volume, which is of particular interest for use as a motor fuel for standard spark ignition engines, the data in Figure 1 shows gasoline and ethanol. It shows that the DVPE of the mixture with can exceed the DVPE of the source gasoline by more than 10%. Adding petroleum to these currently commercially available gasolines is not an option because commercial oil companies typically supply the market with already maximum allowed DVPE gasolines that are severely limited by current regulations. Not possible.

It is known that it is possible to adjust the DVPE of a mixture of gasoline and ethanol. U.S. Patent No. 5,015, granted on May 14, 1991
, 356 items, removing both the C ₆ -C ₉ intermediate (intermediate-) gasoline or C ₆ -C ₁₀ volatile components from C ₄ -C ₁₂ gasoline to produce any of the intermediate gasoline and non-volatile components It is proposed to reformulate the gasoline by doing so. Such fuels have their lower dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE)
Because of this, it is said to make it easier to add alcohol to current gasoline. The disadvantage of this method of adjusting the DVPE of a mixture of gasoline and ethanol is that in order to obtain such a mixture it is necessary to produce specially reconstituted gasoline, which adversely affects the supply chain. , As a result, the price of motor fuel increases. Also, the flash points of such gasolines and their mixtures with ethanol are higher, which impairs their performance characteristics.

[0014] Some chemical constituents are known to reduce DVPE when added to gasoline or its mixture with ethanol. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,756, granted on July 18, 1995, discloses a chemical clean-combustion promoter containing alcohols other than ethanol, nitroparaffins, and ketones in addition to gasoline. combustion-promoter) compounds are disclosed. The composition of the catalyst cleaning combustion promoter disclosed in that patent is DV for gasoline fuel.
It is noted that reducing PE.

The patent does not mention the effect of the clean burn promoter composition on the DVPE of a mixture of gasoline and ethanol.

US Pat. No. 5,688,295, patent-approved on November 18, 1997, provides compounds as additives to gasoline or as fuels for standard gasoline engines. According to the invention, alcohol-based fuel additives are proposed. Fuel additives include 20-70% alcohol, 2.5-20% ketones and ethers, 0.03-20% aliphatic and silicon compounds, 5-2
0% toluene and 4-45% mineral spirits
including. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol. In this patent, additives are shown to improve gasoline quality and, in particular, reduce DVPE. The disadvantage of this method for the preparation of motor fuel DVPE is that a large amount of additive, ie 15% by volume or more of the mixture, is required and that silicon oxide
The result is increased engine wear.

[0017] WO9743356 describes a method for reducing the vapor pressure of a hydrocarbon-alcohol mixture by adding a cosolvent for the hydrocarbon and alcohol to the mixture. A spark ignition motor fuel composition is also disclosed, which comprises an olefin,
Aromatic comprises benzene, and sulfur is not essentially hydrocarbon components of alkanes C ₅ -C ₈ straight or branched chain, hydrocarbon components, ASTM D2699 and D
Minimum anti-knock index 65 according to 2700 and ASTM D5191
With a maximum DVPE of 15 psi, the spark ignition motor fuel composition further comprises a cosolvent for the hydrocarbon component and the alcohol and a fuel grade alcohol, the fuel composition component being a minimum antiknock on the motor fuel. It is present in an amount selected to provide index 87 and maximum DVPE of 15 psi. The cosolvents used are pyran and other heterocyclic compounds such as oxepans.
clical) ether and biomass derived 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTH
F) and MTHF is preferred.

The disadvantages of this method for adjusting the dry vapor pressure equivalent of a mixture of hydrocarbon liquid and ethanol are as follows:

(1) (i) free of unsaturated compounds such as olefins, benzene, and other aromatics, (ii) free of sulfur, as described below from the description of the invention, (iii)
Hydrocarbon component is a coal gas condensate or natural gas condensate, straight or branched chain it is necessary to use only hydrocarbon components C ₅ -C ₈ a of alkanes; (2) a hydrocarbon component and ethanol As a cosolvent for, only one particular class of compounds containing oxygen, namely short-chain and heterocyclic (he
It is necessary to use ether, including tereocyclic ether; (3) It is necessary to use a large amount of ethanol, 25% or more in the fuel; (4) A large amount of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran cosolvent, 20% (5) It is necessary to make changes to the spark ignition internal combustion engine when operating with such a fuel composition, in particular the software of the onboard computer can be changed or the onboard computer It itself must be replaced.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method by which the above mentioned drawbacks of the prior art can be overcome. The main purpose is up to 20 vol% of C ₁₂ hydrocarbons vapor pressure C ₃ to C ₁₂ hydrocarbon-based fuel mixture C ₃ comprising ethanol itself in vapor pressure for the conventional gasoline engine of the present invention It is to provide a method to reduce to, or at least meet, the standard requirements for gasoline fuel.

[0021]

[Outline of the Invention]

The above object of this invention is selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: alcohols other than ethanol, ketones, ethers, esters, hydroxyketones, ketone esters, and heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen. A method according to the preamble of claim 1 characterized in that the oxygen-containing additive is used in the fuel mixture in an amount of at least 0.05% by volume of the total fuel mixture.

It has been discovered by the inventors of the present invention that certain classes of compounds exhibiting oxygen-containing groups surprisingly reduce the vapor pressure of gasoline-ethanol mixtures.

This effect can be further enhanced by surprisingly certain C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbon compounds.

It has also been surprisingly discovered that the octane number of the resulting hydrocarbon-based fuel mixture can be maintained or even increased by using the oxygen component of this invention.

According to the method of the present invention, up to about 20% by volume of fuel grade ethanol (b
) Can be used in all fuel compositions. The oxygen-containing additive (c) used can be obtained from renewable raw materials. The hydrocarbon component (a) used may be, for example, any standard gasoline (which does not have to be reformulated), optionally with aromatic fractions and sulphur, as well as carbonization obtained from renewable raw materials. It may contain hydrogen.

The method of the present invention may prepare a fuel for a standard spark ignition internal combustion engine, but with this fuel, such an engine may have the same maximum as when it is operated on standard gasoline currently on the market. It becomes possible to have performance. By using the method of the present invention, it is also possible to reduce the level of toxic emissions in the exhaust gas and also reduce fuel consumption.

According to one aspect of the invention, in addition to the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), the anti-knock index (octane number) can be controlled in a desired manner.

Yet another object is fuel grade ethanol (b) and oxygen-containing additive (c).
) And optionally further components (d) are provided, which are individual hydrocarbons of the C ₆ -C ₁₂ cut or mixtures thereof, the addition mixture being It can be used in the process, i.e. added to the hydrocarbon component (a). The mixture of (b) and (c) and optionally (d) itself may also be used as fuel for a modified engine, i.e. a non-standard gasoline engine. Additive mixtures can also be used to adjust the octane number and / or to reduce the vapor pressure of high vapor pressure hydrocarbon components.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, examples and dependent claims.

[0030]

[Detailed description]

The process according to the invention makes it possible to use C ₃ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbon fractions as hydrocarbon component (a), without restrictions on the presence of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatics and sulfur. , Including the narrower carbon number range within this wider carbon number range. In particular, the hydrocarbon component may be standard gasoline currently on the market, as well as syngas, natural gas, chemical-recovery coal carbonization off-gas, and petroleum. It may also be another hydrocarbon mixture obtained by refining. Hydrocarbons derived from renewable materials may also be included. C ₃ -C ₁₂
Fractions are usually prepared by fractional distillation or by mixing various hydrocarbons.

Importantly, and as mentioned above, component (a) comprises aromatic and sulfur and is co-produced or naturally found in the hydrocarbon component. Is one of.

According to the method of the present invention, DVPE can be reduced for fuel mixtures containing up to 20% by volume ethanol, which is pure ethanol. According to a preferred embodiment, the vapor pressure of the hydrocarbon-based ethanol-containing fuel mixture is reduced by 50%, more preferably 80%, of the ethanol-induced vapor pressure increase, even more preferably the hydrocarbon-based ethanol-containing fuel mixture. The vapor pressure of the fuel mixture is reduced to the vapor pressure corresponding to that of the hydrocarbon component alone and / or to the vapor pressure in accordance with all standard requirements for commercially sold gasoline.

As will be apparent from the examples, DVPE can be reduced to levels much lower than that of the hydrocarbon components used if desired.

According to the most preferred embodiment, other properties of the fuel, such as octane number, are kept within the required standard limits.

This is achieved by adding at least one oxygen-containing organic compound (c) other than ethanol to the motor fuel composition. Oxygen-containing organic compounds allow the following adjustments. That is, it allows adjustment of (i) dry vapor pressure equivalent, (ii) anti-knock index and other performance parameters of motor fuel composition, (iii) reduction of fuel consumption and reduction of toxic substances in engine exhaust gas. The oxygen-containing compound (c) has oxygen bound in at least one of the following functional groups.

[0036]

[Chemical 1]

Such functional groups are present, for example, in the following classes of organic compounds, which can be used in the present invention: alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, hydroxyketones, ketone esters, and oxygen-containing rings ( Heterocyclic ring with oxygen-containing rings.

Fuel additives may be obtained from fossil-based resources, or preferably from renewable resources such as biomass.

The oxygen-containing fuel additive (c) may typically be an alcohol other than ethanol. Generally, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, both of which are saturated or unsaturated, are used, preferably alkanols. More preferably, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, t-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-
Pentanol, diethyl carbinol, diisopropyl carbinol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2,4,4-trimethylpentanol, 2,6-dimethyl-4
-Heptanol, linalool, 3,6-dimethyl-3-octanol, phenol, phenylmethanol, methylphenol, methylcyclohexanol, or similar alcohols, where R is 3 to 10 carbon atoms, most preferably 3 to 8 Alkanols of the general formula R-OH and mixtures thereof are used, which are alkyls with carbon atoms of

Component (c) can also be an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic ketone, both of which are saturated or unsaturated, the general formula of which is:

[0041]

[Chemical 2]

Wherein R and R ′ are the same or different and each of them is C ₁
-C ₆ hydrocarbon, which also is be cyclic, preferably C ₁ -C ₄ hydrocarbons. Preferred ketones have a total of (R + R ') 4 to 9 carbon atoms,
Methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 3-heptanone, 2-octanone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetofenone, trimethylcyclohexanone
thylcycohexanone), or similar ketones, and mixtures thereof.

Component (c) may also be an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic ether of the general formula R—O—R ′ containing both saturated and unsaturated ethers, where R
And R 'are the same or different, each is C ₁ -C ₁₀ hydrocarbon group. In general, lower _{(lower) (C 1 -C 6} ) dialkyl ethers are preferred.
The total number of carbon atoms in the ether is preferably 6 to 10. Typical ethers include methyl t-amyl ether, methyl isoamyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, ethyl t-butyl ether, dibutyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisoamyl ether, anisole, methylanisole, phenetole,
Or similar ethers, and mixtures thereof.

[0044]   The component (c) further has the following general formula:

[0045]

[Chemical 3]

Can be an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic ester, including saturated and unsaturated esters, wherein R and R ′ are the same or different. R and R ′ are preferably hydrocarbon groups, more preferably alkyl groups,
Most preferred are phenyl and alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are, R is C ₁ -C _4, and R 'is an ester is C ₄ -C _6. Typical esters are n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, t-butyl acetate.
(tert-butylacetate), isobutyl propionate, isobutyl isobutyrate, n-amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl propionate, methylbenzene, phenyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, alkyl esters of alkanoic acids, or similar esters, and It is a mixture of them. It is generally preferred to use esters having 5 to 8 carbon atoms.

Additive (c) may simultaneously contain two oxygen-containing groups that bind to different carbon atoms in the same molecule.

Additive (c) can be a hydroxyketone. Preferred hydroxyketones have the general formula:

[0049]

[Chemical 4]

Wherein R is hydrocarbyl and R ₁ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, preferably lower alkyl, ie (C ₁ -C ₄ ). It is generally preferred to use ketols having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Typical hydroxy-ketones are 1-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 4-hydroxy-4.
-Methyl-2-pentanone, or similar ketol, or mixtures thereof.

In yet another embodiment, the fuel additive (c) is preferably a ketone ester of the general formula:

[0052]

[Chemical 5]

In the formula, R is hydrocarbyl, preferably lower alkyl, ie (C ₁ -C ₄ ).

Typical ketone esters include methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, and tert-butylacetoacetate. Preferably such ketone esters have 6 to 8 carbon atoms.

Additive (c) can also be an oxygen containing ring heterocyclic compound. Preferably, the oxygen-containing heterocyclic has a C ₄ -C ₅ ring. More preferably, the heterocyclic additive has a total of 5 to 8 carbon atoms. The additive may preferably have the formula (1) or (2) as follows:

[0056]

[Chemical 6]

[0057] Wherein R is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, preferably -CH₃And R₁Is -CH ₃ , Or -OH, or -CH₂OH or CH₃CO₂CH₂−

Typical heterocyclic additives (c) are tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate, dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydropyran, 4-methyl-4-oxytetrahydropyran, or similar. Heterocyclic additives, or mixtures thereof.

Component (c) can also be a mixture of any of the compounds mentioned above from one or more of the different compound classes mentioned above.

A suitable fuel grade ethanol (b) to be used in accordance with this invention is
It can be easily identified by those skilled in the art. A suitable example of the ethanol component is 99.5%.
It is ethanol containing the main substance of. When determining the amount of component (c) used, all impurities contained in ethanol in an amount of at least 0.5% by volume thereof and falling within the above definition of component (c) should be taken into account. is there.
That is, such impurities must be present in ethanol in an amount of at least 0.5% in order to be considered as part of component (c). In order to meet current standard requirements for fuels for gasoline engines, any water present in ethanol should preferably be present in an amount of not more than about 0.25% by volume of the total fuel mixture. is there.

Thus, a denatured ethanol mixture as marketed, containing about 92% ethanol, hydrocarbons and by-products, can also be used as the ethanol component in the fuel composition according to the invention. .

Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts are in% by volume based on total volume of motor fuel composition.

Generally, ethanol (b) is 0.1% to 20%, typically about 1% to 20% by volume, preferably 3% to 15% by volume, more preferably about 5% by volume.
To 10% by volume. The oxygen-containing additive (c) is generally 0.05% to about 15% by volume, more usually 0.1% to about 15% by volume, preferably about 3-10% by volume, most preferably about Used in an amount of 5% to 10% by volume.

Generally, the total volume of ethanol (b) and oxygen-containing additive (c) used is 0.15% to 25% by volume, usually about 0.5% to 25% by volume, preferably about It is 1% to 20% by volume, more preferably 3% to 15% by volume, and most preferably 5% to 15% by volume.

Accordingly, the ratio of ethanol (b) to oxygen-containing additive (c) in the motor fuel composition is generally 1: 150 to 400: 1, more preferably 1:10 to 10: 1. .

The total oxygen content of the motor fuel composition based on ethanol and oxygen additive, expressed by weight% oxygen based on the total weight of the motor fuel composition, is preferably about 7 wt. % Or less, more preferably about 5 wt. % Or less.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention for obtaining a motor fuel suitable for operation of a standard spark ignition internal combustion engine, the above-mentioned hydrocarbon component, ethanol, and added oxygen-containing component are mixed and the result is obtained. The following characteristics of the motor fuel composition are obtained. -Density at normal pressures above 690 kg / m ³ and 15 ° C; -oxygen content up to 7% w / w of the motor fuel composition, based on the amount of oxygen-containing components; -source hydrocarbons Anti-knock index (octane number) of the component is more than anti-knock index (octane number), preferably 80 or more of 0.5 (RON + M
ON);-dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) essentially the same as DVPE of the source hydrocarbon component,
Preferably 20 kPa to 120 kPa; -0.1% by weight HAc (0.1% by weight HAc) or less acid content; -5 to pH; -benzene containing, 40% by volume or less aromatic hydrocarbon content Amount, 1 vol% or less for benzene alone; -Evaporation limit of liquid at normal pressure in% of source volume of motor fuel composition: Initial boiling point, minimum 20 ° C Volume of liquid to be vaporized (at minimum 70 ° C) 25 Volume% Volume of evaporated liquid (at a minimum of 100 ° C.) 50% Volume of evaporated liquid (at a minimum of 150 ° C.) 75% by volume Volume of evaporated liquid (at a minimum of 190 ° C.) 95% by volume Distillation residue Final maximum boiling point, maximum 205 ° C Sulfur content of -50 mg / kg or less; Resin content of -2 mg / 100 ml or less.

According to a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the hydrocarbon component and ethanol are added together, followed by addition of a further oxygen-containing compound to the mixture. Thereafter, the resulting motor fuel composition should preferably be maintained at a temperature above -35 ° C for at least about 1 hour. It is a feature of the invention that the desired composition can be formed only by adding the components of the motor fuel composition together. It is generally not necessary to stir or otherwise provide either of the otherwise significant mixtures to form the composition.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention for obtaining a motor fuel composition suitable for operating a standard spark ignition internal combustion engine and having a minimum of detrimental effects on the environment, a renewable source material is used. It is preferred to use the oxygen-containing component of

Optionally, component (d) can be used to further reduce the vapor pressure of the fuel mixture of components (a), (b) and (c). As component (d) it is also possible to use individual hydrocarbons selected from the C ₆ -C ₁₂ cuts of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Preferably, the hydrocarbon component (d) are selected from C ₈ -C ₁₁ fraction. Preferred examples of (d) are benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, isopropyltoluene, diethylbenzene, isopropylxylene, t-butylbenzene, t-butyltoluene, t-butylxylene, cyclooctadiene, cycloocttetraene. (cyclooctotetraene), limonene, isooctane, isononane, isodecane, isooctene, myrcene, allocymene, t-butylcyclohexane, or similar hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.

The hydrocarbon component (d) can also be a synthesis gas processing product or a bituminous coal resin, a fraction boiling at 100-200 ° C. obtained from distillation of oil.

As mentioned above, the invention further relates to the following admixtures: That is, it comprises components (b) and (c) and optionally component (d), which may then be added to the hydrocarbon component (a) and is used as a fuel or the like for a modified spark ignition combustion engine. It also relates to an addition mixture, which can also be

The addition mixture is preferably from 1: 150 to 200: 1 ethanol (b) by volume.
) And additive (c). According to a preferred embodiment of the addition mixture, said mixture comprises oxygen-containing component (c) in an amount of 0.5% by volume up to 99.5% by volume,
Ethanol (b) in an amount of 0.5% by volume to 99.5% by volume and 0% to 99% by volume, preferably 0% to 90%, more preferably 0% to 79% of the addition mixture. .5%, most preferably up to 77% from the 5% amount, at least one C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons, component more preferably contains a C ₈ -C ₁₁ hydrocarbon (d
) And. The addition mixture preferably has a ratio of ethanol (b) to the sum of the other addition components (c) + (d) of 1: 200 to 200: 1 by volume, more preferably ethanol (b). And the sum of the components (c) + (d) is from 1:10 to 10: 1 by volume.

The octane number of the addition mixture can be established and the mixture can be used to adjust the octane number of component (a) to the desired level, which is the mixture (b), (c), (
This can be done by mixing the corresponding portion of d) with component (a).

As an example showing the effect of the present invention, the following motor fuel compositions are shown, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but are merely presently preferred in the present invention. It should be construed as providing some examples of embodiments.

As will be apparent to the person skilled in the art, all fuel compositions of the examples below can of course also be obtained as follows. That is, the components (b) and (c
) And optionally an admixture of (d) is first prepared, which mixture then contains the components (
It can be added to a) or vice versa.
In this case, a certain amount of mixing may be required.

Example To prepare a mixed motor fuel, components (b), (c), and (d)
The following were used as -Fuel grade ethanol purchased from Sekab in Sweden and ADM and Williams in the USA-purchased from Merck in Germany and Lukoil in Russia,
Oxygen-containing compounds, individual unsubstituted hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof-naphtha, an oil straight run gasoline containing aliphatic and cycloaliphatic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkylate, a hydrocarbon fraction consisting almost entirely of isoparaffin hydrocarbons obtained by alkylation of isobutene with butanol. Alkylbenzene, which is a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons obtained by benzene alkylation.
Primarily, technical grade alkylbenzenes include ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, butylbenzene, and others.

All tests of source gasoline and motor fuels containing ethanol, including those containing the components of this invention, were performed by SGS Laboratories of Sweden and Auto Research Laboratories, Inc. of the United States. Standard ASTM
Performed using the method.

The drivability test is a standard test method EU2000 NEDC E.
Performed on a 1987 VOLVO 240 DL according to C98 / 69.

European 2000 (EU 2000) New European Driving Cycle (
NEDC Standard Test (the European 2000 (EU 2000) New European Driving
Cycle (NEDC) standard test) is the standard EU / ECE test description and Driving Cycle (91/441 EEC, EC respectively)
E-R 83/01 and 93/116 EEC). These standardized EU tests include urban driving cycles and out-of-city driving cycles, and require certain exhaust emission regulations to be met. Exhaust gas analysis is performed using a constant volume sampling procedure, using a flame ionization detector for hydrocarbon determination. Exhaust Emission Directive 91/441 EEC (
Phase I) (Phase I) provides certain CO, (HC + NO) and (PM) criteria, and EU Fuel Consumption Directive 93 /
116 EEC (1996) implements the consumption standard.

A B230F, 4-cylinder, 2.32-liter engine (No. LG4F20-) that produces 83 kW at 90 rpm and 185 Nm at 46 rpm.
87) and was tested on a 1987 Volvo 240 DL.

Example 1 Example 1 reduces the dry vapor pressure equivalent of ethanol-containing motor fuel when using gasoline with a dry vapor pressure equivalent according to ASTM D-5191 at a level of 90 kPa (about 13 psi) as the hydrocarbon base. Show that it is possible.

To prepare a mixture of this composition, winter gasoline A92, A95, and currently marketed winter gasoline purchased from Shell, Statoil, Q8OK, and Preem, Sweden, and A98 was used.

FIG. 1 is a DVP of ethanol-containing motor fuel based on winter A95 gasoline.
The behavior of E is shown. The ethanol-containing motor fuels based on winter A92 and A98 used in this example also show similar behavior.

Source gasoline consists of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C ₄ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons and saturated or unsaturated alicyclic C ₄ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons.

The Winter A92 gasoline used had the following specifications: DVPE = 89,0 kPa Anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 87.7 Fuel 1-1 (not according to the invention) Fuel A92 contains winter gasoline and ethanol, with the following characteristics for different ethanol contents: Had.

A92: ethanol = 95: 5 volume% DVPE = 94.4 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.1 A92: ethanol = 90: 10 volume% DVPE = 94.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90. 2 The following different examples of Fuels 1-2 and 1-3 show that it is possible to adjust the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of an ethanol-containing motor fuel based on winter A92 gasoline.

Inventive Fuel 1-2 included A92 winter gasoline (a), ethanol (b), and oxygen-containing additive (c) and had the following properties for various compositions.

A92: ethanol: isobutyl acetate = 88.5: 4.5: 7 volume% DVPE = 89.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.9 A92: ethanol: isoamyl acetate = 88: 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 88.6 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.0 A92: ethanol: diacetone alcohol = 88.5: 4.5: 7 volume% DVPE = 89.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.65 A92 : Ethanol: ethyl acetoacetate = 90.5: 2.5: 7 volume% DVPE = 89.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 87.8 A92: ethanol: isoamyl propionate = 87.5: 5.5: 7 Volume% DVPE = 88.7 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.4 The motor fuel composition below is ethanol. It is shown that it is not necessary to reduce the excess DVPE of the motor fuel induced to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. Winter gasoline DVP
The E level is 90 kPa.

A92: Ethanol: 3-heptanone = 85: 7.5: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.9 A92: Ethanol: 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol = 85: 8.5:
6.5% by volume DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.3 A92: ethanol: diisobutyl ketone = 85: 7.5: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.25 fuels 1-3 invention, A92 winter gasoline (a), include ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additives (c), and hydrocarbons C ₆ -C ₁₂ (d), below various compositions Had the following characteristics:

A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: alkylate = 79: 9: 2:
The boiling temperature of 10 vol% alkylate is 100-130 ° C. DVPE = 88.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.25 A92: ethanol: isobutyl acetate: naphtha = 80: 5: 5: 10 vol% of naphtha Boiling temperature is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 88.7 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 88.6 A92: Ethanol: t-butanol: naphtha = 81: 5: 5: 9% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha is 100- 200 ° C. DVPE = 87.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.6 A motor fuel composition below does not necessarily reduce the excess DVPE of motor fuel induced by the presence of ethanol to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. Indicates that there is no. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Benzene: Ethylbenzene: Diethylbenzene = 82.5: 9.5: 0.5: 0.5: 3: 4 volume% DVPE = 90 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.0 A92: Ethanol: Isobutyl acetate: Toluene = 82.5: 9.5: 0.5
: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 90 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.8 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: isoamyl alcohol: m-xylene = 82.5: 9.2: 0.2: 0.6: 7 0.5% by volume DVPE = 90 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.9 The following compositions 1-5 to 1-6 adjust the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of ethanol-containing motor fuel based on winter A98 gasoline. It is possible to do.

Winter A98 gasoline had the following specifications. DVPE = 89,5 kPa Anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.35 Comparative Fuels 1-4 had A98 winter gasoline and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: Ethanol = 95: 5 volume% DVPE = 95.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.85 A98: Ethanol = 90: 10 volume% DVPE = 94.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93. 1 Fuels 1-5 included A98 winter gasoline (a), ethanol (b), and oxygen-containing additive (c) and had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: ethanol: isobutanol = 84: 9: 7 volume% DVPE = 88.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 A98: ethanol: t-butyl acetate = 84: 9: 7 volume% DVPE = 89.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.3 A98: ethanol: benzyl alcohol = 85: 7.5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 89.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.05 A98: ethanol: Cyclohexanone = 85: 7.5: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 88.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.9 A98: Ethanol: diethyl ketone = 85: 7.5: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 89. 0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.85 A98: ethanol: methyl propyl ketone = 85: 7 0.5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 89.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 A98: ethanol: methyl isobutyl ketone = 85: 7.5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 89.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.65 A98: Ethanol: 3-heptanone = 85: 7.5: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 89.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0 The following motor fuel composition is ethanol. It shows that the excess DVPE of the motor fuel caused by the presence does not necessarily have to be reduced to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A98: Ethanol: methyl isobutyl ketone = 85: 8: 7 vol% DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.7 A98: Ethanol: cyclohexanone = 85: 8.5: 6.5 vol% DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 A98: Ethanol: methylphenol = 85: 8: 7% by volume DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.05 Fuels 1-6 are A98 winter gasoline (a), include ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additives (c), and C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (d), had the following properties for the various compositions.

A98: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isooctane = 80: 5: 5:
10 volume% DVPE = 82.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.2 A98: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: m-isopropyltoluene = 7
8.2: 6.1: 6.1: 9.6 volume% DVPE = 81.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.8 A98: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha = 80: 5: 5: 10 volume% The boiling point of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 82.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.35 A98: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha: m-isopropyltoluene =
80: 5: 5: 5: 5 volume% Naphtha has a boiling point of 100-200 ° C DVPE = 82.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.25 A98: ethanol: t-butyl acetate: naphtha = 83: 5 The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 82.1 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.5 The motor fuel composition below is the excess of motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol. It shows that it is not necessary to reduce the required DVPE to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A98: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isooctane = 85: 5: 5:
5% by volume DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.3 A98: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha = 85: 5: 5: 5% by volume The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 90 0.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 A98: ethanol: isobutanol: isopropylxylene = 85: 9.5
: 0.5: 5% by volume DVPE = 90 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.1 The following motor fuel composition makes the excess DVPE of motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol below the DVPE level of the source gasoline. Indicates that it may be necessary to reduce Usually this is required when the DVPE of the source gasoline is higher than the regulatory limits in effect for the corresponding gasoline. In this way, for example, winter grade gasoline can be converted to summer grade gasoline. The DVPE level of summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A98: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isooctane: Naphtha = 60: 9.5
The boiling point of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 70 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.85 A98: ethanol: isobutanol: alkylate: naphtha = 60: 9.5
The boiling point of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. The boiling point of alkylate is 100-130 ° C. DVPE = 70 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.6 A98: Ethanol: acetic acid t -Butyl: naphtha = 60: 9: 3: 28 volume% Naphtha has a boiling point of 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 70 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.4 Fuels 1-8, 1-9, and 1 below -10 indicates that it is possible to adjust the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of an ethanol-containing motor fuel based on winter A95 gasoline.

Winter A95 gasoline has the following specifications: DVPE = 89.5 kPa Anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.1 The test according to the standard test method EU 2000 NEDC EC98 / 69 described above showed the following results.

CO (carbon monoxide) 2.13 g / km HC (hydrocarbon) 0.280 g / km NO _x (nitrogen oxide) 0.265 g / km CO ₂ (carbon dioxide) 227.0 g / km NMHC * 0 .276 g / km fuel consumption, F _c 1/100 km 9.84 * non-methane hydrocarbons Comparative Fuels 1-7 contain A95 winter gasoline and ethanol and have the following characteristics for various compositions: did.

A95: Ethanol = 95: 5% by volume DVPE = 94.9 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.6 A95: Ethanol = 90: 10% by volume (hereinafter referred to as RFM1) DVPE = 94.5 kPa 5 (RON + MON) = 92.4 A reference fuel mixture (RFM1) test showed the following results compared to winter A95 gasoline.

CO −15.0% HC −7.3% NO _x + 15.5% CO ₂ + 2.4% NMHC * −0.5% Fuel consumption, F _c , 1/100 km + 4.7% “−” Indicates a decrease in release and "+" indicates an increase in release.

Inventive Fuels 1-8 included A95 winter gasoline (a), ethanol (b), and oxygen-containing additive (c) and had the following properties for various compositions.

A95: Ethanol: Diisoamyl ether = 86: 8: 6 volume% DVPE = 87.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.6 A95: Ethanol: isobutyl acetate = 88: 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 87 0.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.85 A95: ethanol: isoamyl propionate = 88: 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 87.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.35 A95: ethanol: isoamyl acetate = 88 : 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 87.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.25 A95: ethanol: 2-octanone = 88: 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 87.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90. 5 A95: Ethanol: Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol = 88: 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 87.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.6 A motor fuel composition below does not necessarily reduce the excess DVPE of the motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. Indicates that there is no. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A95: ethanol: diisoamyl ether = 87: 9: 4 volume% DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.0 A95: ethanol: isoamyl acetate = 88: 7: 5 volume% DVPE = 90 0.0kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.3 A95: ethanol: tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol = 88: 7: 5% by volume DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.8 Fuel 1-9 is A95 winter gasoline (a), include ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additives (c), and C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (d), had the following properties for the various compositions.

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Alchelate = 83.7: 5:
The boiling temperature of 2: 9.3% by volume alkylate is 100-130 ° C. DVPE = 88.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.65 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha = 83.7: 5: 2 : 9
． The boiling temperature of 3% by volume naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 88.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.8 A95: ethanol: isobutyl acetate: alkylate = 81: 5: 5: 9% by volume alkylate Has a boiling temperature of 100-130 ° C. DVPE = 87.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0 A95: ethanol: isobutyl acetate: naphtha = 81: 5: 5: 9 vol% naphtha has a boiling temperature of 100- 200 ° C. DVPE = 87.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.1 Motor fuel composition below is not necessarily required to reduce the excess DVPE of motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol to the DVPE level of source gasoline Indicates that there is no. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: xylene = 80: 9.5: 0.
5: 10% by volume DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.1 A95: ethanol: isobutanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha = 80
The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.0 A95: ethanol: isobutanol: isoamyl Alcohol: naphtha: alkylate = 80: 9.2: 0.2: 0.6: 5: 5% by volume The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. The boiling point of alkylate is 100-130 ° C. DVPE = Motor fuel composition below 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.6 may need to reduce the excess DVPE of motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol below the DVPE level of the source gasoline Indicates that. Usually this is required when the DVPE of the source gasoline is higher than the regulatory limits in effect for the corresponding gasoline. In this way, for example, winter grade gasoline can be converted to summer grade gasoline. The DVPE level of summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A95: ethanol: isobutanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha: isooctane = 60: 9.2: 0.2: 0.6: 15: 15% by volume The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 70 0.0kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.8 A95: ethanol: t-butyl acetate: naphtha = 60: 9: 1: 30% by volume The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0. 5 (RON + MON) = 90.4 Fuel 1-10 is 75% by volume of A95 winter gasoline, 9.6% by volume of ethanol, 0.4% by volume of isobutyl alcohol, 4.5% by volume of m-isopropyltoluene, And 10.5% by volume naphtha having a boiling temperature of 100-200 ° C. This fuel formulation can reduce DVPE, increase octane number, reduce toxic emission levels in exhaust gases, and even reduce fuel consumption, compared to a reference mixture of gasoline and ethanol (RFM1). Indicates that it is possible. The motor fuel composition has the following characteristics.

Density at 15 ° C. according to ASTM D 4052 749.2 kg / m ³ Initial boiling point according to ASTM D 86 29 ° C. evaporable part −70 ° C. 47.6 vol% evaporable part −100 ° C. 55.6% by volume Evaporable part-150 ° C 84.2% by volume Evaporable part-180 ° C 97.5% by volume Final boiling point 194.9 ° C Evaporation residue 1.3% by volume Evaporation loss 1. 6 vol% Oxygen content according to ASTM D 4815 3.7% w / w Acidity according to ASTM D 1613, wt% HAc 0.004 pH according to ASTM D 1287 pH 6.6 According to ASTM D 5453 Sulfur content 18 mg / kg Gum content according to ASTM D 381 1 mg / 100 ml Water content according to ASTM D 6304 0.03% w / w SS 55120 according to 55120 Aromatic with benzene 30.2% by volume Benzene alone according to EN 238 0.7% by volume DVPE according to ASTM D 5191 89.0 kPa According to ASTM D 2699-86 and ASTM D 2700-86. Anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) 92.6 Motor Fuel Formulations 1-10 were tested according to standard test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69 and compared with winter A95 gasoline with the following results.

[0111] _{CO -21% HC -9% NO x} + 12.8% CO 2 + 2.38% NMHC -6.4% fuel consumption, from F _c 1 / 100km + 3.2% The fuel formulations 1-1 1- 10 showed reduced DVPE on tested ethanol-containing motor fuels based on summer grade gasoline. Example 1-
Similar results are obtained when other oxygen containing compounds of this invention are used in place of the additives of 1 to Examples 1-10.

To prepare fuel formulations 1-1 to 1-10 above this motor fuel composition,
First, gasoline was mixed with ethanol and the corresponding oxygen-containing additive was added to the fuel mixture. The resulting motor fuel composition was then left at temperatures above -35 ° C for 1 to 24 hours prior to testing. All formulations above were prepared without any mixing equipment.

Ethanol (b) and oxygen-containing additions other than ethanol to formulate ethanol-containing motor fuels for standard internal combustion spark ignition engines that meet the standard requirements for gasoline in terms of both vapor pressure and anti-knock stability. It was confirmed that it is possible to use an addition mixture of agent (c).

The following fuel composition shows such a possibility. A mixture containing 50% ethanol and 50% isoamyl alcohol was mixed with different grades of winter grade gasoline, but its dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE)
Does not exceed 90 kPa. All resulting mixtures are those required by regulations for winter gasoline, ie DVP below 90 kPa.
Had E.

A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 87: 6.5: 6.5 volume% DVPE = 89.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.15 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 86: 7.0: 7 0.0 volume% DVPE = 89.3 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.5 A98: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 85: 7.5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 86.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92 .9 FIG. 2 shows the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) as a function of ethanol content when additive mixture 2 containing 33.3% ethanol and 66.7% t-pentanol was mixed with A95 winter gasoline. ) Behavior is shown. FIG. 2 shows the following. That is, by varying the ethanol content in gasoline within the range of 0% to 11%, the vapor pressure of these compositions should not be increased above the DVPE standard requirement for winter grade gasoline, ie 90 kPa. Indicates.

Similar DVP was obtained for A92 and A98 winter gasoline mixed with an additive mixture containing 33.3 vol% ethanol and 66.7 vol% t-pentanol.
E behavior was observed.

While increasing the ethanol content in the resulting composition from 0% to 11% by volume, a vapor pressure reducing effect of ethanol-containing gasoline was also observed, which was due to oxygen some of containing additive was observed when they are replaced by C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (component (d)). The following compositions demonstrate the effects achieved by this invention.

An additive mixture containing 40% by volume ethanol, 10% by volume isobutanol, and 50% by volume isopropyltoluene was mixed with winter gasoline having a DVPE of 90 kPa or less. The various compositions obtained had the following properties:

A92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isopropyltoluene = 85: 6: 1
． 5: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 84.9 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.9 A95: ethanol: isobutanol: isopropyltoluene = 80: 8: 2
: 10% by volume DVPE = 84.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.1 A98: ethanol: isobutanol: isopropyltoluene = 86: 5.6
: 1.4: 7% by volume DVPE = 85.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.8 C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons according to the invention and other oxygen-containing compounds are used in the ratios according to the invention to give addition mixtures. Similar results were obtained when prepared and then used for the preparation of ethanol containing gasoline. These gasolines fully meet the requirements for motor fuels used in standard spark ignition engines.

Example 2 Example 2 reduces the dry vapor pressure equivalent of ethanol-containing motor fuel when using gasoline with a dry vapor pressure equivalent according to ASTM D-5191 at a level of 70 kPa (about 10 psi) as the hydrocarbon base. Show that it is possible.

To prepare a mixture of this composition, Swedish shell, Statoil, Q
8OK, and summer gasoline A currently on the market, purchased from Prime
92, A95, and A98 were used.

Source gasoline consists of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C ₄ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons and saturated or unsaturated alicyclic C ₄ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons.

FIG. 1 is a DVP of a motor fuel containing ethanol based on summer A95 gasoline.
The behavior of E is shown. Ethanol-containing motor fuels based on winter A92 and A98 gasoline, respectively, exhibited similar behavior.

Fuels 2-2 and 2-3 below show that it is possible to adjust the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of ethanol-containing motor fuels based on summer A92 gasoline.

Summer A92 gasoline had the following properties: DVPE = 70,0 kPa Antiknock Index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 87.5 Comparative Fuel 2-1 contained A92 summer gasoline and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A92: Ethanol = 95: 5% by volume DVPE = 77.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.3 A92: Ethanol = 90: 10% by volume DVPE = 76.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90. 5 Fuel 2-2 contained A92 summer gasoline (a), ethanol (b), and oxygen-containing additive (c) and had the following properties for various compositions.

A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 85: 6.5: 6.5 volume% DVPE = 69.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.3 A92: ethanol: isobutanol = 80: 10: 10 volume% DVPE = 67.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.8 A92: ethanol: diethyl carbinol = 85: 6.5: 6.5 volume% DVPE = 69.6 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.5 A92 : Ethanol: diisobutyl ketone = 85.5: 7.5: 7 volume% DVPE = 69.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.0 A92: ethanol: diisobutyl ether = 85: 8: 7 volume% DVPE = 68. 9 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.1 A92: ethanol: di-n-butyl Ester = 85: 8: 7 vol% DVPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 88.5 A92: Ethanol: isobutyl acetate = 88: 5: 7 vol% DVPE = 69.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = A motor fuel composition of 89.5 or less indicates that it is not necessary to reduce the excess DVPE of the motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A92: ethanol: isobutanol = 87.5: 10: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.6 A92: ethanol: di-n-butyl ether = 85: 9: 6 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.2 A92: ethanol: diisobutyl ketone = 85: 8: 7 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.4 Fuel 2- 3, A92 summer gasoline (a), include ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additives (c), and C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (d), it had the following properties for the various compositions.

A92: Ethanol: Methyl ethyl ketone: Isooctane = 80: 9.5: 0
． 5: 10% by volume DVPE = 69.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.0 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: isooctane = 80: 9.5: 0.5
: 10% by volume DVPE = 69.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.1 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: isononane = 80: 9.5: 0.5:
10 volume% DVPE = 68.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.0 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: isodecane = 80: 9.5: 0.5:
10% by volume DVPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.8 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: isooctene = 80: 9.5: 0.5
: 10% by volume DVPE = 68.9 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.2 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: toluene = 80: 9.5: 0.5: 1
0% by volume DVPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.4 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha = 80: 9.5: 0.5: 10
The boiling temperature of volume% naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 67.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.4 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha: toluene = 80: 9.5: 0
． 5: 5: 5% by volume The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100 to 200 ° C. DVPE = 67.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.9 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha: isopropyltoluene = 80
The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 67.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.2 The motor fuel composition below is the presence of ethanol. It is shown that the excess DVPE of the motor fuel caused by is not necessarily reduced to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A92: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isodecane = 82.5: 9.5: 0.
5: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.85 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: t-butylbenzene = 82.5: 9.
5: 0.5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.5 A92: ethanol: isobutanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha: t-
Butyltoluene = 82.5: 9.2: 0.2: 0.6: 5: 2.5% by volume DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.1 Fuels 2-5 and 2 below 6 shows that it is possible to adjust the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of an ethanol-containing motor fuel based on summer A98 gasoline.

Summer A98 gasoline had the following specifications: DVPE = 69,5 kPa Anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.5 Comparative Fuel 2-4 contained A98 summer gasoline and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: Ethanol = 95: 5 volume% DVPE = 76.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.3 A98: Ethanol = 90: 10 volume% DVPE = 76.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93. 7 Fuel 2-5 contained A98 summer gasoline (a), ethanol (b), and oxygen-containing additive (c) and had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: ethanol: isobutanol = 85: 7.5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 69.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.5 A98: ethanol: diisobutyl ketone = 83: 9.5: 7 0.5 vol% DVPE = 69.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.9 A98: ethanol: isobutyl acetate = 88: 5: 7 vol% DVPE = 69.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.4 or less The motor fuel composition shows that the excess DVPE of the motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol does not necessarily have to be reduced to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A98: ethanol: isobutanol = 85: 8: 7 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.7 A98: ethanol: t-pentanol = 90: 5: 5 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.8 Fuel 2-6 is A98 summer gasoline (a), ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additive (c), and C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbon (d). And had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isooctane = 80: 9.5: 0.5
: 10% by volume DVPE = 69.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.7 A98: Ethanol: Isopropanol: Alkylbenzene = 80: 5: 5:
A motor fuel composition below 10% by volume DVPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.0 does not necessarily reduce the excess DVPE of the motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. Indicates that there is no. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A98: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isooctane = 81.5: 9.5: 0
． 5: 8.5 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.5 A98: ethanol: t-butanol: limonene = 86: 7: 4: 4 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 ( RON + MON) = 93.6 Fuels 2-8 to 2-10 below show that it is possible to adjust the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of ethanol-containing motor fuel based on summer A95 gasoline.

Summer A95 gasoline had the following specifications: DVPE = 68,5 kPa Antiknock Index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.8 The test conducted as above shows the following results for summer A95 gasoline.

CO (carbon monoxide) 2.198 g / km HC (hydrocarbon) 0.245 g / km NO _x (nitrogen oxide) 0.252 g / km CO ₂ (carbon dioxide) 230.0 g / km NMHC * 0 .238 g / km fuel consumption, F _c 1/100 km 9.95 * non-methane hydrocarbons Comparative Fuels 2-7 contained A95 summer gasoline and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A95: Ethanol = 95: 5% by volume DVPE = 75.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.9 A95: Ethanol = 90: 10% by volume (hereinafter also referred to as RFM2) DVPE = 75.0 kPa 0. 5 (RON + MON) = 92.25 A test of the reference fuel mixture (RFM2) showed the following results compared to summer A95 gasoline.

CO-9.1% HC-4.5% NO _x + 7.3% CO ₂ + 4.0% NMHC * -4.4% Fuel consumption, F, 1/100 km + 3.6% "-" is A decrease in release is indicated and a "+" indicates an increase in release.

Fuels 2-8 included A95 summer gasoline and oxygen-containing additives and had the following properties for various compositions.

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol = 85: 7.5: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2 A95: Ethanol: Diisoamyl ether = 86: 8: 6 volume % DVPE = 66.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.2 A95: ethanol: isobutyl acetate = 88: 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 67.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0 A95: ethanol: t -Butanol = 88: 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 68.4 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.6 A95: ethanol: t-pentanol = 90: 5: 5 volume% DVPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 ( RON + MON) = 92.2 A95: ethanol: isopropanol = 80: 10: 10 volume% VPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.8 A95: Ethanol: 4-methyl-2-pentanol = 85: 8: 7 volume% DVPE = 66.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.0 A95: Ethanol: Diethyl ketone = 85: 8: 7 volume% DVPE = 68.0kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2 A95: Ethanol: Trimethylcyclohexanone = 85: 8: 7 volume% DVPE = 67.0kPa 0. 5 (RON + MON) = 91.8 A95: ethanol: methyl t-amyl ether = 80: 8: 12 volume% DVPE = 68.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.8 A95: ethanol: n-butyl acetate = 87 : 6.5: 6.5% by volume DVPE = 68.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 0.1 A95: ethanol: isobutyl isobutyrate = 90: 5: 5 volume% DVPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.0 A95: ethanol: methyl acetoacetate = 85: 7: 8 volume% DVPE = A motor fuel composition of 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.9 or less indicates that the excess DVPE of the motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol does not necessarily have to be reduced to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A95: Ethanol: 4-methyl-2-pentanol = 85:10: 5% by volume DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.6 A95: Ethanol: Isobutyl isobutyrate = 90: 6: 4% by volume DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.5 Fuel 2-9 is A95 summer gasoline (a), ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additive (c), and C ₆ -C ₁₂ It had the following properties for various compositions, including hydrocarbon (d).

A95: Ethanol: t-Pentanol: Alkylbenzene = 80: 7: 4:
9% by volume DVPE = 67.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.6 A95: ethanol: t-butanol: alkylbenzene = 80: 7: 4: 9
Volume% DVPE = 68.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.8 A95: ethanol: propanol: xylene = 80: 9.5: 0.5: 10
Volume% DVPE = 68.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.1 A95: ethanol: diethylketone: xylene = 80: 9.5: 0.5: 1
0% by volume DVPE = 68.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.2 A95: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha: isopropyltoluene = 80
The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-170 ° C. DVPE = 68.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.4 A95: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Naphtha: Al Chelate = 80: 9.5
The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-170 ° C. The boiling temperature of alkylate is 100-130 ° C. DVPE = 68.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2 or less The motor fuel composition shows that the excess DVPE of the motor fuel caused by the presence of ethanol does not necessarily have to be reduced to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level of summer gasoline is 70 kPa.

A95: Ethanol: Isobutanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Xylene = 8
2.5: 9.2: 0.2: 0.6: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 A95: ethanol: isobutanol: isoamyl alcohol: cyclooctadiene = 82.5: 9.2: 0.2: 0.6: 7.5% by volume DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.1 Fuel formulation 2-10 is 81.5% by volume. A95 summer gasoline, 8.5 vol% m-isopropyltoluene, 9.2 vol% ethanol, and 0.8 vol% isoamyl alcohol. Compared to the gasoline and ethanol mixture RFM2, the composition of the invention shows how to increase the octane number, reduce the toxic emission level in the exhaust gas, and also reduce the fuel consumption, while maintaining the same composition as the source gasoline. Formulations 2-10 were tested to show if they maintained dry vapor pressure equivalents. Formulations 2-10 had the following specific properties.

Density at 15 ° C. according to ASTM D 4052 754.1 kg / m ³ Initial boiling point according to ASTM D 86 26.6 ° C. Evaporable part-70 ° C. 45.2 vol% evaporable part- 100 ° C 56.4% by volume Evaporable part-150 ° C 88.8% by volume Evaporable part-180 ° C 97.6% by volume Final boiling point 186.3 ° C Evaporation residue 1.6% by volume Evaporation loss 0.1 vol% oxygen content according to ASTM D 4815 3.56% w / w acidity according to ASTM D 1613, wt% HAc 0.007 pH according to ASTM D 1287 8.9 according to ASTM D 5453 Sulfur content according to 16 mg / kg Gum content according to ASTM D 381 <1 mg / 100 ml Water content according to ASTM D 6304 0.12% w / w SS Aromatic with benzene according to 155120 30.3% by volume Benzene alone according to EN 238 0.8% by volume DVPE according to ASTM D 5191 68.5 kPa According to ASTM D 2699-86 and ASTM D 2700-86. Anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) 92.7 Motor fuel formulations 2-10 were tested according to test method EU 2000 NEDC EC 98/69 as described above and compared with the results of Source A95 summer gasoline (+). The following results of% or (−)% were shown.

CO −0.18% HC −8.5% NO _x + 5.3% CO ₂ + 2.8% NMHC −9% Fuel consumption, Fc, 1/100 km + 3.1% From fuel formulation 2-1 2-10 showed reduced DVPE on tested ethanol-containing motor fuels based on summer grade gasoline. Example 2-
Similar results are obtained when other oxygen-containing compounds of this invention are used in place of the additives of Examples 1-10.

To prepare all the above fuel formulations 2-1 to 2-10 of this motor fuel composition, gasoline was first mixed with ethanol, and then the corresponding oxygen-containing additive was added to the mixture. Was given. The resulting motor fuel composition is then -3 before testing.
It was left at a temperature of 5 ° C. or higher for 1 to 24 hours. All formulations above are
Prepared without any mixing equipment.

The use of an oxygen-containing compound other than ethanol and an additive mixture containing ethanol to prepare an ethanol-containing gasoline was achieved with summer grade gasoline. The following fuel composition shows that it is possible to obtain an ethanol-containing gasoline that meets the standard requirements for summer grade gasoline, including vapor pressures of 70 kPa and below.

FIG. 2 shows that 35% by volume of ethanol, 5% by volume of isoamyl alcohol, 1
Additive mixture 3 with 60% by volume naphtha boiling at a temperature between 00-170 ° C
7 shows the behavior of dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) as a function of ethanol content when is mixed with summer A95 gasoline.

FIG. 2 shows the following. That is, by varying the ethanol content in the gasoline within the range of 0% to 20%, the vapor pressure of these compositions should not be increased above the DVPE standard requirement for summer grade gasoline, ie 70 kPa. Indicates.

35% by volume of ethanol, 5% by volume of isoamyl alcohol, 100-1
Similar DVPE behavior was observed for A92 and A98 summer gasoline mixed with an additive mixture containing 60% by volume naphtha boiling at 70 ° C.

The ratio between the oxygen-containing compounds other than ethanol and ethanol in the addition mixture used for the preparation of ethanol-containing gasoline is of great importance.
The ratio between the components of the additive established by this invention makes it possible to adjust the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing gasoline over a wide range.

The following composition shows that an additive mixture with both high and low ethanol content can be used. An additive mixture containing 92% by volume of ethanol, 6% by volume of isoamyl alcohol and 2% by volume of isobutanol was mixed with summer grade gasoline. The composition obtained had the following properties:

A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutanol = 80: 18.
4: 1.2: 0.4% by volume DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.3 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutanol = 82: 16.
56: 1.08: 0.36% by volume DVPE = 69.9 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.6 A98: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutanol = 78: 20.
24: 1.32: 0.44% by volume DVPE = 70.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.5 25% by volume of ethanol, 60% by volume of isoamyl alcohol and 15% by volume of isobutanol The additive mixture was mixed with summer grade gasoline.
The composition obtained had the following properties:

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol = 80: 5: 1
2: 3% by volume DVPE = 66.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 88.6 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutanol = 84: 4: 9
． 6: 2.4% by volume DVPE = 65.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.3 A98: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutanol = 86: 3.5
: 8.4: 2.1% by volume DVPE = 65.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 Other oxygen-containing compounds (c) and C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (d) of the present invention are used in the present invention. Similar results were obtained when an addition mixture was prepared using the ratios established by and then used for the preparation of ethanol-containing gasoline. These gasolines fully meet the requirements for motor fuels used in standard spark ignition engines.

In addition, the additive mixture containing the oxygen-containing compounds of the invention other than ethanol and ethanol in the ratio of the invention can be used as a stand-alone motor fuel for engines adapted for operation on ethanol.

Example 3 Example 3 shows that when gasoline with a dry vapor pressure equivalent level according to ASTM D-5191 of about 48 kPa (about 7 pSi) is used as the hydrocarbon base, the dry vapor equivalent weight of the ethanol-containing motor fuel is It can be reduced.

To prepare a mixture of this composition, Phillips J base fuel (Phillips J
Base Fuel, Union Clear Base, and unleaded summer gasoline A92, A95, and A98 that meet US standards, purchased in the United States under the Trademarks of Indolene.

Source gasoline consists of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C ₅ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons and saturated or unsaturated alicyclic C ₅ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons.

FIG. 1 shows the DVPE behavior of a motor fuel containing ethanol based on US summer grade A92 gasoline. Ethanol-containing motor fuels based on US summer A95 gasoline and A98 gasoline, respectively, exhibited similar behavior. US
The Summer A92 gasoline had the following specifications.

DVPE = 47,8 kPa Antiknock Index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 87.7 Fuel 3-1 contained US A92 summer gasoline and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A92: Ethanol = 95: 5 vol% DVPE = 55.9 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.0 A92: Ethanol = 90: 10 vol% DVPE = 55.4 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90. 1 Fuel 3-2 contained US A92 summer gasoline, ethanol, and oxygen-containing additives and had the following properties for various compositions.

A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 83: 8.5: 8.5 volume% DVPE = 47.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.6 A92: ethanol: isoamyl propionate = 82: 8: 10 volume % DVPE = 47.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.9 A92: ethanol: 2-ethylhexanol = 82: 8: 10 volume% DVPE = 47.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.2 A92: ethanol : Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol = 82: 7: 10 volume% DVPE = 47.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.3 A92: Ethanol: Cyclohexanone = 82: 7: 10 volume% DVPE = 47.7 kPa 0.5 ( RON + MON) = 89.1 A92: ethanol: metoki Cybenzene = 80: 8.5: 11.5% by volume DVPE = 46.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.6 A92: Ethanol: Methoxytoluene = 82: 8: 10% by volume DVPE = 46.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.8 A92: Ethanol: methyl benzoate = 82: 8: 10% by volume DVPE = 46.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.5 The following motor fuel composition is caused by the presence of ethanol. It is shown that it is not necessary to reduce the excess DVPE of the motor fuel to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to ensure that it complies with the valid regulatory requirements for the corresponding gasoline. The DVPE level for US summer grade gasoline is 7 psi, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa.

A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 83: 9: 8 volume% DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.8 A92: ethanol: methoxytoluene = 84: 8: 8 volume% DVPE = 48. 2kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.5 A92: Ethanol: methyl benzoate = 85: 8: 7% by volume DVPE = 48.2kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.1 Fuel 3-3 is US A92 summer gasoline (a), ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additives (c), and C ₆ -C ₁₂ comprises hydrocarbons (d), had the following properties for the various compositions.

A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: naphtha = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 15.4% by volume The boiling temperature of naphtha is 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 47.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.5 A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: m-isopropyltoluene = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 15.4 vol% DVPE = 47.0 kPa 0 .5 (RON + MON) = 90.5 A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: isooctane = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 15.4 vol% DVPE = 47.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON ) = 90.3 The following motor fuel composition is due to the presence of ethanol. It retained a DV
It shows that it is not necessary to reduce PE to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to comply with the valid regulatory requirements of the corresponding gasoline. DVPE level of US summer grade gasoline is 7p
si, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa.

A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Naphtha = 76: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 14.4% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.6 A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: naphtha: isooctane = 76: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 10.4: 4 volume% naphtha boiling temperature 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.8 A92: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: naphtha: m-isopropyltoluene = 77: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 10.4: Boiling temperature of 3 volume% naphtha 100-200 degreeC DVPE = 48.2kPa 0.5 (RO + MON) = 89.9 The following fuels show that adjustable US A98 dry steam 圧当 of ethanol containing motor fuel based on summer gasoline (DVPE).

[0168]   US A98 gasoline had the following specifications. That is,   DVPE = 48.2kPa   Antiknock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2.

Comparative Fuel 3-4 included US A98 summer gasoline and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: Ethanol = 95: 5% by volume DVPE = 56.3 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 A98: Ethanol = 90: 10% by volume DVPE = 55.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93. 6 Comparative Fuels 3-5 contained US A98 summer gasoline (a), ethanol (b) and oxygen-containing additive (c) and had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: Ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 82.5: 9: 8.5% by volume DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.3 A98: Ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol = 82.
5: 9: 7: 1.5% by volume DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.4 A98: ethanol: tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol = 80: 10: 10
Volume% DVPE = 48.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.7 Fuel 3-6 is US A98 summer gasoline (a), ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additive (c) and C ₆ -C ₁₂ carbonized. It had the following properties for various compositions, including hydrogen (d).

A98: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Naphtha = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 15.4% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.3 A98: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: isooctane = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 15.4 volume% DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.9 A98: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: m-isopropyltoluene = 75.5: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 14.9 volume% DVPE = 47.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.4 A98: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Fusa: isooctane = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 8.4: 7% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.6 A98: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Naphtha: m-Isopropyltoluene = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 10.4: 5% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 48.0 kPa 0 .5 (RON + MON) = 93.7 A98: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: naphtha: alkylate = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 7.9: 7.5 volume% boiling of naphtha Temperature 100-200 ° C. Boiling temperature of alkylate 100-130 ° C. DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93. The following fuel showed that adjustable dry steam 圧当 of ethanol containing motor fuel based on US A95 summer gasoline (DVPE).

[0173]   The US A95 gasoline had the following specifications. That is,   DVPE = 47.0 kPa   The anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.9.

US A95 summer gasoline produces a B230F, four cylinder 2.32 liter engine (90 rev / sec with 83 kW and 46 rev / sec with a torque of 185 Nm).
No. LG4F20-87) and was used as a reference fuel for tests performed according to the EU2000 NEDC EC98 / 69 test cycle for a 1987 Volvo 240DL.

The tests performed as described above showed the following results for US A95 summer gasoline.

CO (carbon monoxide) 2.406 g / km HC (hydrocarbon) 0.356 g / km NO _x (nitrogen oxide) 0.278 g / km CO ₂ (carbon dioxide) 232.6 g / km NMHC ^* 0 .258 g / km fuel consumption, F _c 1/100 km 9.93 * non-methane hydrocarbons Comparative Fuels 3-7 contained US A95 summer gasoline and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A95: Ethanol = 95: 5 vol% DVPE = 55.3 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.5 A95: Ethanol = 90: 10 vol% DVPE = 54.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92. B230F, according to EU 2000 NEDC EC98 / 69 standard test method
198 equipped with a four cylinder 2.32 liter engine (No. LG4F20-87)
Testing of a reference gasoline-alcohol mixture (RFM3) containing 90% by volume of US A95 summer grade gasoline and 10% by volume of ethanol, performed on a 7-year Volvo 240DL, compared to US A95 summer gasoline The results of

CO -12.5% HC -4.8% NO _x + 2.3% CO ₂ + 3.7% NMHC ^* -4.0% Fuel consumption, F, 1/100 km + 3.1% In addition, "-""" Represents a decrease in emissions and "+" represents an increase in emissions.

Fuels 3-8 included US A95 summer gasoline, ethanol and oxygen containing additives and had the following properties for various compositions.

A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 83: 8.5: 8.5 volume% DVPE = 47.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.7 A95: ethanol: n-amyl acetate = 80: 10: 10 Volume% DVPE = 47.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.8 A95: ethanol: cyclohexyl acetate = 80: 10: 10 volume% DVPE = 46.7 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0 A95: ethanol: Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran = 80: 12: 8 volume% DVPE = 47.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.6 A95: Ethanol: methyltetrahydropyran = 80: 15: 5 volume% DVPE = 46.8 kPa 0.5 ( RON + MON) = 92.5 The following motor fuel composition is Excessive DV of motor fuel due to the presence of knoll
It shows that it is not necessary to reduce PE to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to comply with the valid regulatory requirements of the corresponding gasoline. DVPE level of US summer grade gasoline is 7p
si, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa.

A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 84: 8.5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.7 A95: ethanol: phenyl acetate = 82.5: 10: 7 0.5% by volume DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.3 A95: ethanol: tetramethyltetrahydrofuran = 81: 10: 9% by volume DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2 Fuel 3-9, US A95 summer gasoline (a), include ethanol (b), oxygen-containing additives (c) and C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (d), it had the following properties for the various compositions.

A95: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol: Naphtha = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 15.4% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 47.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.6 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: isooctane = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 15.4 volume% DVPE = 47.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: m-isopropyltoluene = 75: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 15.4 vol% DVPE = 46.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93 0.0 A95: Ethanol: Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: Cyclooctate Laene = 80: 9.5: 0.5: 10% by volume DVPE = 46.6 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.5 A95: Ethanol: 4-methyl-4-oxytetrahydropyran: alocimene = 80: 9. 5: 0.5: 10% by volume DVPE = 46.7 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.1 The following motor fuel composition is the excess DV of the motor fuel due to the presence of ethanol.
It shows that it is not necessary to reduce PE to the DVPE level of the source gasoline. In some cases, it is sufficient to comply with the valid regulatory requirements of the corresponding gasoline. DVPE level of US summer grade gasoline is 7p
si, which corresponds to 48.28 kPa.

A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: naphtha = 76.5: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 7: 6.9 volume% naphtha boiling temperature 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 48. 2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.7 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: naphtha: isooctane = 76.5: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 7: 6.9 volume% of naphtha Boiling temperature 100-200 ° C DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol: m-isopropyltoluene = 77: 9.2: 0.3: 0.1: 13.4 volume% DVPE = 48.2 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.9 Fuel formulation 3-1 Is 76 volume% US A95 summer gasoline, 9.2 volume% ethanol, 0.25 volume% isoamyl alcohol, 0.05 volume% isobutyl alcohol, 11.5 volume with a boiling temperature of 100-200 ° C. % Naphtha and 3% by volume isopropyltoluene. Formulations 3-10 were tested to first show how the invention allows for the production of ethanol-containing gasoline that fully meets the valid standard requirements for DVPE levels and other parameters. At the same time, this gasoline ensures a reduction of toxic emissions in the exhaust and a lower fuel consumption compared to the mixture RFM3 of 10% ethanol and source US A95 summer gasoline. Formulations 3-10 had the following specific properties.

Density at 15 ° C. according to ASTM D4052 774.9 kg / m ³ Initial boiling point according to ASTM D86 36.1 ° C. Evaporable part-70 ° C. 33.6% by volume Evaporable part-100 ° C. 50.8% by volume Evaporable part-150 ° C 86.1% by volume Evaporable part-190 ° C 97.0% by volume Final boiling point 204.8 ° C Evaporation residue 1.5% by volume Loss by evaporation 1.5% by volume Oxygen content according to ASTM D4815 3.37% w / w Acidity according to ASTM D1613, wt% HAc 0.007 pH according to ASTM D1287 pH 7.58 Sulfur content according to ASTM D5453 47 mg / kg Gum content according to ASTM D381 2.8 mg / 100 ml Water content according to ASTM D6304 Content 0.02% w / w S when containing benzene Aromatic according to S155120 31.2% by volume according to EN 238, with benzene alone 0.7% by volume DVPE according to ASTM D 5191 DVPE 48.0 kPa Antiknock index 0.5 according to ASTM D2700-86 (RON + MON) 92.2 B2 according to EU2000 NEDC EC98 / 69 test method as described above
Motor Fuel Blends 3-10 were tested against a 1987 Volvo 240DL with a 30F, 4-cylinder 2.32 liter engine (No. LG4F20-87) and sourced US A95 summer gasoline results and (+) or (-). The following results, compared in%, are given.

CO-15.1% HC-5.6% NO _x + 0.5% CO ₂ no change NMHC-4.5% fuel consumption, Fc, 1/100 km no change tested oxygen-containing compounds Similar results were obtained when substituting with oxygen-containing compounds.

To prepare all of the above fuel formulations, US summer gasoline was first mixed with ethanol, and then the corresponding oxygen-containing additive was added to this mixture. The resulting motor fuel composition was then left at temperatures above -35 ° C for 1 to 24 hours prior to testing. All the above formulations were prepared without any mixing equipment.

[0187] Ethanol and oxygen-containing compounds other than ethanol are also included for regulation of the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuels used in standard internal combustion spark ignition engines based on summer grade gasoline that meets US standards. It was established that addition mixtures could be used. By adding to the composition of the C ₈ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbon additives mixture, the efficiency of the vapor pressure reducing effect of the additive for excess vapor pressure due to the presence of ethanol in gasoline is increased.

60% by volume ethanol, 32% by volume isoamyl alcohol and 8% by volume
Of an addition mixture containing isobutyl alcohol of 7 p corresponding to 48.28 kPa
Blended in different proportions with US summer grade gasoline having a dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of less than or equal to si.

The composition obtained had the following properties: A92: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutanol = 87.5: 7
． 5: 4: 1 volume% DVPE = 51.7 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.7 A95: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutanol = 85: 9: 4
． 8: 1.2% by volume DVPE = 51.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.8 A98: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutanol = 80: 12:
6.4: 1.6% by volume DVPE = 52.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.5 The above example shows about 50% of the excess vapor pressure of gasoline induced by the presence of ethanol in the mixture. It shows that the excess vapor pressure can be partially reduced.

An addition mixture containing 50% by volume of ethanol and 50% by volume of methyl isobutyl ketone and a dry vapor pressure equivalent (DV of 7 psi or less corresponding to 48.28 kPa).
US summer grade gasoline with PE) was mixed in different proportions. The composition obtained had the following properties:

A92: Ethanol: methyl isobutyl ketone = 85: 7.5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 49.4 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.0 A95: Ethanol: methyl isobutyl ketone = 84: 8: 8 Volume% DVPE = 48.6 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.7 A98: Ethanol: methyl isobutyl ketone = 82: 9: 9 volume% DVPE = 49.7 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.9 Example above Show that the excess vapor pressure, which is induced by the presence of ethanol in the mixture, can be partially reduced by about 80% of the excess vapor pressure of gasoline.

FIG. 2 shows US A92 summer gasoline with 35% by volume ethanol, 1% by volume isoamyl alcohol, 0.2% by volume isobutanol, boiling at a temperature between 100-170 ° C., 43.8. The behavior of the dry vapor equivalent pressure (DVPE) as a function of the ethanol content in the mixture with admixture 4 containing 4% by volume naphtha and 20% by volume isopropyltoluene is shown. FIG. 2 shows that the use of this additive mixture during the formulation of ethanol-containing gasoline allows a reduction of the excess vapor pressure induced by the presence of ethanol by more than 100%.

35% by volume ethanol, 1% by volume isoamyl alcohol, 0.2% by volume isobutanol, boiling at 100-170 ° C., 43.8% by volume naphtha and 2
Similar results for DVPE were obtained for US summer grade A95 and A98 gasoline mixed with an admixture consisting of 0 vol% isopropyltoluene.

Using other oxygen-containing compounds and the C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons of this invention in the proportions established by this invention to formulate an additive mixture, which is then used to prepare ethanol-containing gasoline, is similar. The result was obtained. These gasolines perfectly meet the motor fuel requirements used in standard internal combustion spark ignition engines.

In addition, ethanol, an oxygen-containing compound other than ethanol, and an additive mixture containing C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons in the proportions and compositions of this invention are used as independent motor fuels for engines employed for operation on ethanol. Can be used as

Example 4 Example 4 is a non-standard where the hydrocarbon base of the fuel has a dry vapor pressure equivalent according to ASTM D-5191 at a level of 110 kPa (about 16 psi).
We show that the dry vapor pressure equivalent of motor fuel containing ethanol can be reduced when it is gasoline.

To prepare a mixture of this composition, Swedish Shell, Statoil, Q8OK
And unleaded winter gasoline A92, A95 and A98 purchased from Preem and Preem and gas condensate (GK) purchased from Gazprom, Russia.

The hydrocarbon component (HCC) for the motor fuel composition is approximately 85% by volume of A92, A9.
It was prepared by mixing 5 or A98 winter gasoline with about 15% by volume gas condensed hydrocarbon liquid (GC).

Hydrocarbon components (HCC) for fuel formulations 4-1 to 4-10 of this motor fuel composition
) Was prepared by first mixing about 85% by volume of A92, A95 or A98 winter gasoline with a gas condensed hydrocarbon liquid (GC). Next, the obtained hydrocarbon component (H
CC) was left for 24 hours. Consequently resulting gasoline, including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, including aliphatic and alicyclic C ₃ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons.

FIG. 1 shows the DVPE behavior of an ethanol-containing motor fuel based on A98 winter gasoline and gas condensate. Ethanol-containing motor fuels based on A92 and A98 winter gasoline and gas condensate (GC) showed similar behavior.

A gasoline containing 85 vol% A92 winter gasoline and 15 vol% gas condensate (GC) had the following properties: That is, DVPE = 110.0 kPa and anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 87.9.

Comparative Fuel 4-1 included A92 winter gasoline, gas condensate (GC) and ethanol, and had the following properties for various compositions.

A92: GC: Ethanol = 80.75: 14.25: 5% by volume DVPE = 115.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.4 A92: GC: Ethanol = 76.5: 13.5: 10 Volume% DVPE = 115.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.6 Fuel 4-2 of this invention contains A92 winter gasoline, gas condensate (GC), ethanol and oxygen-containing additive, for various compositions. It had the following properties:

A92: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 74: 13: 6.5: 6
． 5% by volume DVPE = 109.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.35 A92: GC: ethanol: 2.5 dimethyltetrahydrofuran = 68: 12
: 10:10 volume% DVPE = 110.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.75 A92: GC: ethanol: propanol = 68: 12: 12: 8 volume% DVPE = 109.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.0 A92: GC: ethanol: diisopropylcarbinol = 72: 13: 7.
5: 7.5 volume% DVPE = 109.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.3 A92: GC: ethanol: acetophenone = 72: 13: 9: 6 volume% DVPE = 110.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.8 A92: GC: Ethanol: isobutyl propionate = 75: 13: 5: 7 volume% DVPE = 109.2kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.0 Fuel 4-3 is A92 winter gasoline, gas condensation things (GC), ethanol, comprises an oxygen-containing additive and C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons and had the following properties for the various compositions.

A92: GC: ethanol: isobutanol: isopropylbenzene = 68:
12: 9.5: 0.5: 10 volume% DVPE = 108.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.7 A92: GC: Ethanol: t-butylethylether: naphtha = 68: 12
: 9.5: 0.5: 10% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C DVPE = 108.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.6 A92: GC: Ethanol: Isoamyl methyl ether: Toluene = 68: 1
2: 9.5: 0.5: 10% by volume DVPE = 107.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.6 The following fuel composition is, according to the present invention, the excess DVPE of non-standard gasoline to the corresponding standard. It shows that it is possible to reduce to the level of gasoline. Standard A92
The DVPE of winter gasoline is 90 kPa.

A92: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha: alkylate =
55: 10: 9.5: 0.5: 12.5: 12.5% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. Alchelate boiling temperature 100-130 ° C. DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.6 A92: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha: ethylbenzene = 55: 10: 9.5: 0.5: 15: 10% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 89.8 kPa 0.5 ( RON + MON) = 90.9 A92: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha: isopropyltoluene = 55: 10: 9.5: 0.5: 20: 5% by volume boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 90.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.6 The composition below is about 85% by volume of A98 winter gasoline and about 15 bodies. Shows% of dry steam 圧当 amount of gas condensate ethanol-containing fuel mixtures based on being able to modulate (DVPE).

A gasoline containing 85 vol% A98 winter gasoline and 15 vol% gas condensate (GC) had the following specifications: That is, DVPE = 109.8 kPa and anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0.

Comparative Fuel 4-4, including A98 winter gasoline, gas condensate (GC) and ethanol, had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: GC: Ethanol = 80.75: 14.25: 5% by volume DVPE = 115.3 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.1 A98: GC: Ethanol = 76.5: 13.5: 10 Volume% DVPE = 114.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.0 Fuels 4-5 of this invention include A98 winter gasoline, gas condensate (GC) and oxygen-containing additives, and for various compositions: Had characteristics.

A98: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 74: 13: 6.5: 6
． 5% by volume DVPE = 109.6 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.3 A98: GC: ethanol: ethoxybenzene = 72: 13: 7.5: 7.5
Volume% DVPE = 110.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.0 A98: GC: ethanol: 3,3,5 trimethylcyclohexanone = 72:
13: 7.5: 7.5 vol% DVPE = 109.8kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.3 Fuel 4-6 is A98 winter gasoline, gas condensate, ethanol, oxygen-containing additive and C ₆ −. It had the following properties for various compositions, including C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (d).

A98: GC: Ethanol: Isoamyl alcohol: Isobutyl alcohol:
Naphtha = 68: 12: 9.2: 0.6: 0.2: 10% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 107.4 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.8 A98: GC: Ethanol: Ethyl isobutyl ether: Myrzene = 72: 1
3: 9.5: 0.5: 5 volume% DVPE = 110.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.6 A98: GC: Ethanol: isobutanol: isooctane = 68: 12: 5
: 5: 10% by volume DVPE = 102.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.5 The motor fuel composition below is the excess DVPE of non-standard gasoline according to the present invention.
Is reduced to the DVPE level of the corresponding standard gasoline. The DVPE of standard A98 winter gasoline is 90.0 kPa.

A92: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha: alkylate =
55: 10: 9.5: 0.5: 12.5: 12.5% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C Boiling temperature of alkylate 100-130 ° C DVPE = 89.8kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.0 A92: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha: isopropylbenzene = 55: 10: 9.5: 0.5: 15: 10% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 89.6 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.2 A92: GC: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha: isopropyltoluene = 55: 10: 5: 5: 20: 5% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 88.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 94.1 The following composition is approximately 85% by volume of A95 winter gasoline and approximately 15% by volume of gasoline. Dry steam 圧当 of ethanol-containing fuel mixture to the condensate-based (DVPE) indicates that adjustable.

A gasoline containing 85 vol% A98 winter gasoline and 15 vol% gas condensate (GC) had the following specifications: That is, DVPE = 109.5 kPa and anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.2.

Hydrocarbon components (HCC) containing 85% by volume of winter gasoline and 15% by volume of gas condensate (GC) were used as reference fuels for the tests as described above and the following results were given.

CO 2.033 g / km HC 0.279 g / km NO _x 0.279 g / km CO ₂ 229.5 g / km NMHC 0.255 g / km Fuel consumption, Fc, 1/100 km 9.89 Fuel 4-7 Had the following properties for various compositions, including A95 winter gasoline, gas condensate (GC) and ethanol.

A95: GC: Ethanol = 80.75: 14.25: 5% by volume DVPE = 115.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.7 A95: GC: Ethanol = 76.5: 13.5: 10 Volume% DVPE = 114.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.5 80.75% A95 winter gasoline, 14.25% gas condensate (GC) and 5% ethanol in reference fuel mixture (RFM4). Was tested as above and compared (+) or (-)% with the results for gasoline containing 85% by volume A95 winter gasoline and 15% by volume gas condensate (GC), the following results were obtained: Given the.

CO −6.98% HC −7.3% NO _x + 12.1% CO ₂ + 1.1% NMHC −5.3% Fuel consumption, Fc, 1/100 km + 2.62% Fuel 4 of this invention -8 contained A95 winter gasoline, gas condensate (GC), ethanol and oxygen containing additives and had the following properties for various compositions.

A95: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 74: 13: 6.5: 6
． 5% by volume DVPE = 109.1 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0 A95: GC: ethanol: phenol = 72: 13: 8: 7% by volume DVPE = 107.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.6 A95: GC: Ethanol: Phenyl acetate = 68: 12: 10: 10% by volume DVPE = 106.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.8 A95: GC: Ethanol: 3-hydroxy-2-butanone = 68: 12 : 1
0:10 volume% DVPE = 108.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.6 A95: GC: Ethanol: butyl t-acetoacetate = 68: 12: 10: 10
Volume% DVPE = 108.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2 A95: GC: ethanol: 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone = 71
: 12: 9: 8 volume% DVPE = 108.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.6 Fuel 4-9 is A95 winter gasoline, gas condensate (GC), ethanol, oxygen-containing additive and C ₆ −. It had the following properties for various compositions, including C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (d).

A95: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutyl alcohol:
Naphtha = 68: 12: 9.2: 0.6: 0.2: 10 volume% Naphtha boiling temperature 100-200 ° C. DVPE = 107.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.1 A95: GC: Ethanol: Isobutanol: cyclooctatetraene = 72
: 13: 9.5: 0.5: 5% by volume DVPE = 108.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.6 The following motor fuel composition has an excess vapor pressure equivalent of nonstandard gasoline ( DVPE) will be reduced to the level of the corresponding standard gasoline. The DVPE of standard A95 winter gasoline is 90.0 kPa.

A95: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: isobutanol: naphtha: alkylate = 55: 10: 9.2: 0.6: 0.2: 12.5: 12.5% by volume boiling temperature of naphtha 100 -200 ° C. Boiling temperature of alkylate 100-130 ° C. DVPE = 89.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.4 A95: GC: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha: t-butylxylene = 55: 10: 9.5 : 0.5: 20: 5% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C DVPE = 89.8 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.5 A95: GC: ethanol: isobutanol: naphtha: isopropylbenzene = 55:10. : 5: 5: 20: 5% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 100-200 ° C DVPE = 89.9kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.2 Motor fuel 4-10 is 55 volume% A95 winter gasoline, 10 volume% gas condensate (GC), 5 volume% ethanol, 5 volume% t-butanol, It contained 20 vol% naphtha with a boiling temperature of 100-200 ° C. and 5 vol% isopropyltoluene. Formulations 4-10 were tested to first establish effective standard requirements for dry vapor pressure equivalent limits and other fuel parameters, even if the source hydrocarbon component (HCC) has a DVPE significantly higher than the standard requirements. We have shown how this invention enables the formulation of a perfectly matched ethanol-containing gasoline. at the same time,
This ethanol-containing gasoline reduces toxic emission levels in the exhaust and reduces fuel consumption compared to the mixture RFM4 described above. Formulation 4-10 had the following specific properties.

Density at 15 ° C. according to ASTM D4052 698.6 kg / m ³ Initial boiling point according to ASTM D86 20.5 ° C. Evaporable part-70 ° C. 47.0 vol% Evaporable part-100 ° C. 65.2 vol% Evaporable part-150 ° C 92.4% by volume Evaporable part-180 ° C 97.3% by volume Final boiling point 189.9 ° C Evaporation residue 0.5% by volume Loss by evaporation 1.1% by volume Oxygen content according to ASTM D4815 3.2% w / w Acidity according to ASTM D1613, wt% HAc 0.001 pH according to ASTM D1287 7.0 Sulfur content according to ASTM D5453 18 mg / kg Gum content according to ASTM D381 2 mg / 100 ml Water content according to ASTM D6304 SS155 with 0.01% w / w benzene Aromatic according to 120 30.9% by volume according to EN 238, with benzene alone 0.7% by volume DVPE according to ASTM D5191 90.0 kPa Antiknock index 0.5 according to ASTM D2699-86 and ASTM D2700-86 (RON + MON) 92.3. Motor Fuel Formulations 4-10 were tested as described above and results for motor fuels containing 85% by volume A95 winter gasoline and 15% by volume gas condensate and (+) or (-).
The following results, compared in%, are given.

CO -14.0% HC -8.6% NO _x no change CO ₂ + 1.0% NMHC -6.7% Fuel consumption, Fc, 1/100 km + 2.0% Other oxygen content of this invention Similar results are obtained when the additive is replaced with the oxygen-containing additive of Examples 4-1 to 4-10.

To prepare all of the above fuel blends 4-1 to 4-10 of this motor fuel composition, first the hydrocarbon component (H), which is a mixture of winter gasoline and gas condensate (GC).
CC) was mixed with ethanol, then to this mixture was added the corresponding oxygen-containing additive and C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons. The resulting motor fuel composition was then left at temperatures above -35 ° C for 1 to 24 hours prior to testing. All the above formulations were prepared without any mixing equipment.

The fuel formulation of this invention is based on non-standard gasoline with high vapor pressure,
It was shown that the vapor pressure of ethanol containing motor fuel for standard internal combustion spark ignition engine could be adjusted.

FIG. 2 shows a hydrocarbon component (HCC) comprising 85% by volume A98 winter gasoline and 15% by volume gas condensate and an addition mixture 1 comprising 40% by volume ethanol and 60% by volume methyl benzoate. 2 shows the behavior of the dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) as a function of the ethanol content of the mixture with. FIG. 2 shows that by using this addition mixture containing ethanol and an oxygen-containing additive other than ethanol, ethanol-containing gasoline can be obtained, the vapor pressure of which does not exceed the vapor pressure of the source hydrocarbon component (HCC). Indicates.

Fuel with an admixture comprising 40% by volume ethanol and 60% by volume methyl benzoate and a hydrocarbon component comprising 15% by volume gas condensate (GC) and 85% by volume A92 or A95 winter gasoline. Similar results were obtained for DVPE for the mixture.

Using other oxygen-containing compounds and the C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons of the invention in the proportions of the invention to formulate the admixture, which was then used to prepare ethanol-containing gasoline, gave similar results. Was obtained.

These gasoline blends of the present invention have a source hydrocarbon component (HCC) DV of
It has a vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) that does not exceed PE. At the same time, the oxygen-containing additive can be added in an amount sufficient to obtain an ethanol-containing gasoline that is in full compliance with the motor fuel requirements used in standard internal combustion spark ignition engines.

Example 5 Example 5 is an ethanol-containing motor fuel where the hydrocarbon base of the fuel is a reconstituted gasoline with a dry vapor pressure equivalent according to ASTM D-5191 at a level of 27.5 kPa (about 4 psi). It shows that the dry vapor pressure equivalent can be reduced.

To prepare a mixture of this composition, Preem of Sweden and Lukoi of Russia
Lead-free reconstituted gasoline purchased from I and petroleum benzine purchased from Merck, Germany were used.

The hydrocarbon component (HCC) for the motor fuel composition is approximately 85% by volume of A92, A9.
It was prepared by mixing 5 or A98 winter gasoline with about 15% by volume gas condensed hydrocarbon liquid (GC).

[0232] The source gasolines, including saturated and unsaturated, aliphatic and alicyclic C ₆ -C ₁₂
Contains hydrocarbons.

FIG. 1 shows the DVPE behavior of A92 reblended gasoline and ethanol-containing motor fuels based on petroleum benzine. Similar behavior was observed for A95 and A98 reblended gasoline and ethanol-containing motor fuels based on petroleum benzine.

It should be pointed out that adding ethanol to the reblended gasoline induces a higher vapor pressure rise compared to adding ethanol to standard gasoline.

80% by volume A92 reconstituted gasoline and 20% by volume petroleum benzine (PB)
Gasoline containing had the following properties: That is, DVPE = 27.5 kPa and anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 85.5.

Comparative Fuel 5-1 contained A92 reconstituted gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB) and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A92: PB: Ethanol = 76: 19: 5% by volume DVPE = 36.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.0 A92: PB: Ethanol = 72: 18: 10% by volume DVPE = 36.0 kPa 0 .5 (RON + MON) = 90.7 Fuel 5-2 of this invention contained A92 reblended gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB), ethanol and oxygen containing additives and had the following properties for various compositions.

A92: PB: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 64: 16: 10: 10
Volume% DVPE = 27.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.5 A92: PB: ethanol: diisobutyl ether = 64: 16: 10: 10
Volume% DVPE = 27.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.8 A92: PB: ethanol: n-butanol = 64: 16: 10: 10 volume% DVPE = 27.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90. 1 A92: PB: ethanol: 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentanol = 6
4: 16: 10: 10 volume% DVPE = 25.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.8 Fuel 5-3 is A92 reconstituted gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB), ethanol,
Also includes an oxygen-containing additives and C ₈ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons and had the following properties for the various compositions.

A92: PB: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha = 60: 15: 9
． 2: 0.8: 15% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 140-200 ° C. DVPE = 27.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 89.3 A92: PB: ethanol: n-butanol: naphtha: xylene = 60: 15
: 9.2: 0.8: 7.5: 7.5% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 140-200 ° C DVPE = 27.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.2 A92: PB: ethanol: tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol: isopropylbenzene = 60: 15: 9: 1: 15% by volume DVPE = 27.5kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.3 The following fuel composition is based on A98 reconstituted gasoline and petroleum benzine (PB). It is shown that the dry vapor pressure equivalent of ethanol-containing gasoline can be adjusted.

80% by volume reconstituted gasoline A98 and 20% by volume petroleum benzine (PB)
The motor fuel containing the following had the following characteristics.

DVPE = 27.3 kPa Antiknock Index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 88.0 Comparative Fuel 5-4 contains A98 reconstituted gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB) and ethanol, with the following properties for various compositions: Had.

A98: PB: ethanol = 76: 19: 5 volume% DVPE = 36.3 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.0 A98: PB: ethanol = 72: 18: 10 volume% DVPE = 35.8 kPa 0 .5 (RON + MON) = 92.5 Fuel 5-5, including A98 reblended gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB), ethanol and oxygen containing additives, had the following properties for various compositions.

A98: PB: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 64: 16: 10: 10
Volume% DVPE = 26.9 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0 A98: PB: ethanol: n-amyl alcohol = 64: 16: 10: 10
Volume% DVPE = 26.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.2 A98: PB: Ethanol: Linalool = 68: 17: 9: 6 Volume% DVPE = 27.1 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.6 A98 : PB: ethanol: 3,6-dimethyl-3-octanol = 68: 1
7: 9: 6 volume% DVPE = 27.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.5 Fuel 5-6 is A98 re-blended gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB), ethanol,
Includes an oxygen-containing additive and C ₈ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons (d), it had the following properties for the various compositions.

A98: PB: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha = 60: 15: 9
． 2: 0.8: 15% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 140-200 ° C. DVPE = 27.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.7 A98: PB: ethanol: linalool: alocimene = 60: 15: 9: 1:
15% by volume DVPE = 26.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 A98: PB: ethanol: methylcyclohexanol: limonene = 60: 1
5: 9.5: 1: 14.5 vol% DVPE = 25.4 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.2 The following motor fuel composition is about 80 vol% A95 reblended gasoline and about 20 vol%.
It is shown that the dry vapor pressure equivalent of ethanol-containing fuel mixtures based on volume% petroleum benzine (PB) can be adjusted. A gasoline containing 80% by volume of reconstituted gasoline A95 and 20% by volume of petroleum benzine (PB) had the following properties.

DVPE = 27.6 kPa Anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) = 86.3 EU2000 NEDC According to EC98 / 69 test method, equipped with B230F, 4-cylinder 2.32 liter engine (No. LG4F20-87) 1987. Hydrocarbon component (HCC) containing 80% by volume of reconstituted gasoline and 20% by volume of petroleum benzine (PB) as reference fuel for testing on the model Volvo 240DL
Was used to give the following results.

CO 2.631 g / km HC 0.348 g / km NO _x 0.313 g / km CO ₂ 235.1 g / km NMHC 0.308 g / km Fuel consumption, Fc, 1/100 km 10.68 Fuel 5-7 Had A95 reconstituted gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB) and ethanol and had the following properties for various compositions.

A95: PB: Ethanol = 76: 19: 5% by volume DVPE = 36.6 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.2 A95: PB: Ethanol = 72: 18: 10% by volume DVPE = 36.1 kPa 0 .5 (RON + MON) = 91.7 B2 according to EU2000 NEDC EC98 / 69 test method as described above.
For a 1987 Volvo 240DL with a 30F four cylinder 2.32 liter engine (No. LG4F20-87), 72 vol% A95 reblended gasoline, 18 vol% petroleum benzine (PB) and 10 vol% ethanol. A reference fuel mixture containing (RFM5) was tested and compared (+) or (-)% with results for gasoline containing 80% by volume A95 reblended gasoline and 20% by volume petroleum benzine (GC), The result was given.

CO-4.8% HC-1.3% NO _x + 26.3% CO ₂ + 4.4% NMHC-0.6% Fuel consumption, Fc, 1/100 km + 5.7% Fuel 5-8 , A95 reconstituted gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB), ethanol and oxygen containing additives with the following properties for various compositions.

A95: PB: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol = 64: 16: 10: 10
Volume% DVPE = 27.1 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0 A95: PB: ethanol: 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol = 64: 1
6:10:10 volume% DVPE = 27.0 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.4 A95: PB: ethanol: tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate = 60: 15: 15
: 10 volume% DVPE = 25.6 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 93.0 Fuel 5-9 is A95 reblended gasoline, petroleum benzine (PB), ethanol,
Oxygen-containing additives and include C ₈ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons and had the following properties for the various compositions.

A95: PB: ethanol: isoamyl alcohol: naphtha = 60: 15: 9
． 2: 0.8: 15% by volume Boiling temperature of naphtha 140-200 ° C. DVPE = 27.1 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 91.4 A95: PB: ethanol: tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: t-butylcyclohexane = 60: 15: 9.2: 0.8: 15 volume% DVPE = 26.5 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 90.7 A95: PB: ethanol: 4-methyl-4-hydroxytetrahydropyran: isopropyltoluene = 60: 15 : 9.2: 0.8: 15% by volume DVPE = 26.1 kPa 0.5 (RON + MON) = 92.0 Motor fuel 5-10 is 60% by volume A95 re-formulated gasoline, 15% by volume petroleum benzine ( PB), 10 vol% ethanol, 5 vol% 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran and 10 vol% Containing isopropyl toluene. Preparation 5-
Ten were tested to show how this invention allows the formulation of ethanol containing gasoline with low vapor pressure. Here, the presence of ethanol in the motor fuel composition does not induce an increase in dry vapor pressure equivalent as compared to the source hydrocarbon component (HCC). Furthermore, this gasoline ensures a reduction in toxic emissions in the exhaust and a reduction in fuel consumption compared to the mixture RFM5. Formulations 5-10 had the following specific properties.

Density at 15 ° C. according to ASTM D4052 764.6 kg / m ³ Initial boiling point according to ASTM D86 48.9 ° C. Evaporable part-70 ° C. 25.3% by volume Evaporable part-100 ° C. 50.8% by volume Evaporable portion-150 ° C 76.5% by volume Evaporable portion-190 ° C 95.6% by volume Final boiling point 204.5 ° C Evaporation residue 1.4% by volume Loss due to evaporation 0.5% by volume Oxygen content according to ASTM D4815 4.6% w / w Acidity according to ASTM D1613, wt% HAc 0.08 pH according to ASTM D1287 pH 7.5 Sulfur content according to ASTM D5453 39 mg / kg Gum content according to ASTM D381 1.5 mg / 100 ml Moisture according to ASTM D6304 Content: SS155 when containing 0.1% w / w benzene 120 Aromatic according to 120 38% by volume according to EN 238, with benzene alone 0.4% by volume DVPE according to ASTM D5191 27.2 kPa ASTM D2699-86 and anti knock index according to ASTM D2700-86 0.5 (RON + MON) 91.8 as described above Motor Fuel Formulations 5-10 were tested as above and gave the following results compared (+) or (-)% with the results for motor fuels containing 80% by volume A95 reconstituted gasoline and 20% by volume petroleum benzine. Was given.

CO-12.3% HC-6.2% NO _x no change CO ₂ + 2.6% NMHC-6.4% Fuel consumption, Fc, 1/100 km + 3.7% Other oxygen content of this invention Similar results are obtained when the additives replace the oxygen-containing additives of Examples 5-1 to 5-10.

To prepare all of the above fuel blends 5-1 to 5-10 of this motor fuel composition, first the hydrocarbon component (HCC), which is a mixture of reblended gasoline and petroleum benzine (PB), was mixed with ethanol. mixed, then to the mixture was added the corresponding oxygen-containing additive and C ₈ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons. Next, the obtained motor fuel composition is -35.
It was left at a temperature of ℃ or more for 1 to 24 hours before the test. All the above formulations were prepared without any mixing equipment.

The present invention has shown that the vapor pressure of ethanol-containing motor fuel for standard internal combustion spark ignition engines based on non-standard gasoline with low vapor pressure can be adjusted.

FIG. 2 shows a hydrocarbon component (HCC) comprising 80% by volume A92 reconstituted gasoline and 20% by volume petroleum benzine, 40% by volume ethanol, 20% by volume 3,
Dry vapor pressure equivalent weight (DVPE) when mixing 3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone and an oxygen-containing additive mixture 5 containing 20% by volume naphtha having a boiling temperature of 130-170 ° C. and 20% by volume t-butyltoluene. ) Behavior is shown. The graph shows that by using the additive of the present invention, ethanol-containing gasoline can be obtained and its vapor pressure does not exceed the vapor pressure of the source hydrocarbon component (HCC).

20% by volume of petroleum benzine (GC) and 80% by volume of the above oxygen-containing additives
Similar DVPE behavior was shown when mixed with a hydrocarbon component (HCC) containing A95 or A98 reconstituted gasoline.

Using other oxygen-containing compounds and the C ₈ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons of the invention in the proportions of the invention to formulate the oxygen-containing additive, which is then used to prepare ethanol-containing gasoline, is similar. Results were obtained.

These gasolines have a vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) that is less than or equal to the DVPE of the source hydrocarbon component (HCC). At the same time, the anti-knock index of all ethanol-containing gasolines prepared according to the invention is
It was higher than C).

The above description and examples of the preferred embodiments of the invention are to be construed as illustrative rather than limiting, the invention being defined by the claims. As will be readily appreciated, without departing from the invention as set forth in the claims,
Many variations and combinations of the features described above can be used. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows the behavior of dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) as a function of ethanol content for a prior art mixture of ethanol and gasoline.

FIG. 2 shows the behavior of the dry vapor equivalent pressure (DVPE) of different fuels of this invention as a function of ethanol content of different fuels of this invention.

[Procedure for Amendment] Submission for translation of Article 34 Amendment of Patent Cooperation Treaty

[Submission date] February 26, 2002 (2002.2.26)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be amended] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Contents of correction]

[Claims]

19. By mixing the mixture with conventional gasoline fuel,
16. A mixture according to any one of claims 13 to 15 for obtaining an ethanol-containing gasoline fuel for a conventional gasoline engine with a reduced vapor pressure and optionally for adjusting the octane number of a conventional gasoline fuel. use.

[Procedure for Amendment] Submission for translation of Article 34 Amendment of Patent Cooperation Treaty

[Submission date] March 25, 2002 (2002.3.25)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be amended] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Contents of correction]

[Claims]

19. By mixing the mixture with conventional gasoline fuel,
16. A mixture according to any one of claims 13 to 15 for obtaining an ethanol-containing gasoline fuel for a conventional gasoline engine with a reduced vapor pressure and optionally for adjusting the octane number of a conventional gasoline fuel. use.

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 26, 2002 (2002.26.26)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be amended] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Contents of correction]

[Claims]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, I T, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE, TR), OA (BF , BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, G M, KE, LS, MW, MZ, SD, SL, SZ, TZ , UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, B Z, CA, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK , DM, DZ, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, J P, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR , LS, LT, LU, LV, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MZ, NO, NZ, PL, PT, R O, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ , TM, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW

Claims (20)

[Claims] 1. A method for reducing the vapor pressure of a C ₃ to C ₁₂ hydrocarbon-based motor fuel mixture containing 0.1 to 20 volume% ethanol for a conventional spark ignition internal combustion engine, the method comprising: b) and C ₃ to C ₁₂ hydrocarbon components (a), in addition to the following types of compounds: alcohols other than ethanol, ketones, ethers, esters, hydroxyketones, ketone esters and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Characterized in that the oxygen-containing additive (c) selected from at least one of them is used in the fuel mixture in an amount of at least 0.05% by volume of the total fuel mixture.
Method. 2. An oxygen-containing additive (c) is added to the ethanol component (b) to obtain (c
Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of) and (b) is then added to the hydrocarbon component (a). 3. An ethanol component (b) is added to the hydrocarbon component (a), and (b) is added.
Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen-containing additive (c) is added to the mixture of (a). 4. Oxygen-containing additives are the following compounds: 3 to 10
An alkanol having 4 carbon atoms, a ketone having 4 to 9 carbon atoms, a dialkyl ether having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl ester of alkanoic acid, and said additive being 5 A hydroxyketone having 4 to 6 carbon atoms and a ketone ester of an alkanoic acid,
4. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the additive has 5 to 8 carbon atoms and is selected from oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds having 5 to 8 carbon atoms. The method described in either. 5. The vapor pressure of the hydrocarbon-based ethanol-containing fuel mixture corresponds to 50%, more preferably 80%, of the ethanol-induced vapor pressure rise and even more preferably to the vapor pressure of the hydrocarbon compound alone. 5. The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is reduced to a vapor pressure which corresponds to and / or to a vapor pressure which complies with any standard requirements for commercial gasoline. 6. The octane number of the fuel thus obtained from (a), (b) and (c) is at least the same as the octane number of (a) and / or the octane number of commercially available gasoline. Method according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it meets the standard limits imposed. 7. A C ₃ to C ₁₂ hydrocarbon mixture is a non-reformulated standard type gasoline, hydrocarbon liquid from petroleum refining, hydrocarbon liquid from natural gas, carbonization from off-gas of chemically recovered carbonization. 7. Process according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a standard type of gasoline, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen liquor, hydrocarbon liquor from syngas treatment or a mixture thereof, is preferred and not reconstituted. . 8. A marketed neat denatured ethanol mixture containing about 92% by volume ethanol, with the remaining volume up to 100% hydrocarbons and by-products, either in the fuel composition or in the fuel additive. Method according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it can be used in the composition of. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ethanol component (b) used is at least about 99.5% by volume of ethanol. 10. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor fuel composition is left for at least 1 hour before use without any means for mixing. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additive is used in an amount of up to 15% by volume of the total fuel composition. 12. The resulting fuel composition has the following characteristics: (i) at least 690 kg / m ³ at 15 ° C. according to ASTM D4059.
And (ii) 7% w / w or less oxygen content according to ASTM D4815, (iii) 20 kPa to 120 kPa dry vapor pressure equivalent according to ASTM D5191, and (iv) 0.1 wt% HAc. Acid content according to ASTM D1613, not exceeding (v) pH from 5 to 9 according to ASTM D1287, (vi) aromatic content according to SS155120 not exceeding 40% by volume, and still 1 volume of benzene %, Present in an amount according to EN 238, (vii) not more than 50 mg / kg, sulfur content according to ASTM D5453, (viii) not more than 2 mg / 100 ml, gum content according to ASTM D381, ix) Moisture content according to ASTM D6304, not exceeding 0.25% w / w and (x) according to ASTM D86 And distillate properties, i.e., the initial boiling point is at least 20 ° C., vaporizable portion at 70 ° C. is at least 25% by volume; 10
Evaporable portion at 0 ° C is at least 50% by volume; Evaporable portion at 150 ° C is at least 75% by volume; Evaporable portion at 190 ° C is at least 95%
% By volume; final boiling point does not exceed 205 ° C .; and evaporation residue does not exceed 2% by volume, and (xi) at least 80 ASTM D2699-86 and ASTM D
Method according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it exhibits an anti-knock index 0.5 (RON + MON) according to 2700-86. 13. A motor fuel composition for a conventional spark-ignition internal combustion engine, which is 0 based on the total volume of (a) a hydrocarbon component consisting of a C3-C12 hydrocarbon fraction and (b) a motor fuel composition. Fuel grade ethanol present in an amount of 1 to 20% by volume, suitably 1 to 20% by volume, preferably 3 to 15% by volume and more preferably 5 to 10% by volume, and (c) an oxygen-containing additive. An alkanol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a ketone having 4 to 9 carbon atoms, a dialkyl ether having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl ester of an alkanoic acid, said addition The agent has 5 to 8 carbon atoms and has 4 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyketone, a ketone ester of alkanoic acid, wherein the additive is 5 to 8 carbon atoms. An oxygen-containing additive having at least one of oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds having carbon atoms and having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, said additive comprising a total volume of the motor fuel composition. %, Preferably 0.1 to 15% by volume, preferably 3 to 10% by volume and most preferably 5 to 10% by volume, A motor fuel composition available by any of the methods of. 14. A mixture of oxygen-containing additive (c) and fuel grade ethanol (b) usable in the method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio (b) to (c) is 1: 150. To 400: 1, more preferably 1:
10 to 10: 1 and the oxygen-containing additive is an alkanol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a ketone having 4 to 9 carbon atoms, a dialkyl ether having 6 to 10 carbon atoms An alkyl ester of alkanoic acid, wherein said additive has 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a hydroxyketone having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, a ketone ester of alkanoic acid, wherein said additive has 5 From 8 to 8 carbon atoms, and selected from oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms. 15. Ethanol component in an amount of 0.5-99.5% by volume, preferably 9.5 to 99% by volume, more preferably 20 to 95% by volume and most preferably 25 to 92% by volume. (B); in an amount of 0.5-99.5% by volume, preferably 0.5 to 90% by volume, more preferably 0.5 to 80% by volume and most preferably 3 to 70% by volume. oxygen-containing component and (c); at least one C ₆ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons, preferably C ₈ -C ₁₁ hydrocarbons, from 0 to 99% by volume, preferably from 0 to 90 vol%, more preferably 0 To 79.5% by volume and most preferably from 5 to 77% by volume of component (d), the ratio between the components in the mixture (b): ((c) + ( d)) is preferably 1: 200 To 200: 1, more preferably 1:10 to 10:
15. The mixture according to claim 14, which is maintained within the limit of 1. 16. Component (d) comprises individual aliphatic saturated and aliphatic unsaturated or cycloaliphatic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof and / or oils.
100-obtained by distillation of the product resulting from the treatment of bituminous coal resin or syngas
Mixture according to claim 15, characterized in that it is a fraction of hydrocarbons boiling at 200 ° C. 17. Ingredient (b) is a marketed, as-is, denatured ethanol mixture containing about 92% by volume of ethanol, the balance of up to 100 parts by volume of ingredient (b) being hydrocarbons and by-products. 1 to 14, characterized in that
6. The mixture according to any of 6. 18. The mixture according to claim 14, wherein the fuel grade ethanol comprises at least 99.5% by volume of ethanol. 19. A fuel according to claim 14 as a fuel for an improved gasoline engine.
Use of the mixture according to any of 6. 20. Maintaining or reducing the vapor pressure of the fuel composition thus obtained, as compared to the vapor pressure of the gasoline component (a) alone, while corresponding amounts of the mixture and conventional gasoline fuel ( Use of a mixture according to any of claims 14 to 16 to obtain an ethanol containing gasoline fuel by mixing with a) and to adjust the octane number of such fuel to a desired level.